This article examines the economic situation of language groups in Quebec since the 1970s. Particular attention is
paid to the contexts of economic globalization, where English has become the most used world lingua franca, and of immigration now
being the major source of population growth. Viewing language as a market where supply and demand determine outcomes, the purpose
of Bill 101 was to increase the value and the use of French. The relative economic position of Francophones has improved and they
now have better purchasing power and control of the economy. However, the number of Francophones in the population is not expected
to increase much and their proportion in the population will drop significantly. Due to immigration, the number and proportion of
Allophones will increase, but Anglophones will also benefit since the proportion of immigrants who assimilate to English is larger
than the proportion of Anglophones in the population. In the labor market, working in English pays more than working in French for
immigrants. In spite of the progresses made by Francophones, the situation of French in Quebec remains a concern. The challenge is
to integrate more immigrants into the French-speaking majority.
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Bloom, David E. and Gilles Grenier
(1992b) “Earnings of the French Minority in Canada and the Spanish Minority in the United States.” In Immigration, Language and Ethnicity: Canada and the United States, edited by B. R. Chiswick. Washington, D.C.: The AEI Press. 373–409
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(1980) Language and Earning in Montreal, Ottawa: The Economic Council of Canada (135 pages).
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(2018) Linguistic Distance, Languages of Work and Wages of Immigrants in Montreal. Working Paper 1805E, Department of Economics, University of Ottawa: 1–43.
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(1997) “Tendances de l’assimilation linguistique dans l’ouest de l’île de Montréal et l’ouest de l’Outaouais.” Cahiers québécois de démographie 451: 65–82.
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(2015) “The Value of Language Skills,” IZA World of Labor, Bonn, November (2015): 1–10 ([URL]).
Grenier, Gilles and Serge Nadeau
(2016) “English as the Lingua Franca and the Economic Value of Other Languages: the Case of the Language of Work in the Montreal Labor Market.” In Michele Gazzola and Bengt-Arne Wickström, The Economics of Language Policy, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, chapter 81, 267–312.
Houle, René and Jean-Pierre Corbeil
(2017) Language Projections for Canada: 2011 to 2036. Statistics Canada, Catalogue 89-657-X2017001: 1–132.
Raynauld, André
(1974) La propriété des entreprises au Québec : les années 60; Montréal; PUM 160 p
Raynauld, André, Gérald Marion and Richard Béland
(1966) La répartition des revenus selon les groupes ethniques au Canada, Ottawa, rapport de recherche, Commission royale d’enquête sur le bilinguisme et le biculturalisme, 4 unpublished volumes
Raynauld, André and Gérald Marion
(1972) “Une analyse économique de la disparité interethnique des revenus.” Revue économique, 23(1): 1–19.
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(1997) “Language and Earnings in Quebec: Trends over Twenty Years. 1970–1990”, Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de politiques 23 (2):115–40.
Termote, Marc
(1999) Perspectives démolinguistiques du Québec et de la région de Montréal à l’aube du XXIe siècle. Implications pour le français langue d’usage public. Québec: Conseil de la langue française (195 pages).
Vaillancourt, François
(1980) Differences in Earnings by Language Groups in Quebec, 1970: An economic Analysis. Québec: International Center for Research on Bilingualism (232 pages).
Vaillancourt, François
(2018) Analyse économique des politiques linguistiques au Québec : 40 ans de Loi 101. 2018S-16 Cahier scientifique, CIRANO, Montréal: 1–32.
Vaillancourt, François, Julien Tousignant, Joelle Chatel-DeRepentigny, and Simon Coutu-Mantha
(2013) “Revenu de travail et rendements des attributs linguistiques au Québec en 2005 et depuis 1970.” Canadian Public Policy – Analyse de Politiques. XXXIX1, Supplement: S25–S40.
Vaillancourt, François, and Luc Vaillancourt
(2005) La propriété des employeurs au Québec en 2003 selon le groupe d’appartenance linguistique. Conseil supérieur de la langue française (65 pages).
Cited by (4)
Cited by 4 other publications
Grenier, Gilles
2023. Langues utilisées à la maison et au travail à Montréal par les immigrants entre 2001 et 2016 : progrès notoire, mais fragile du français. Recherches sociographiques 63:3 ► pp. 525 ff.
Li, Jiahang
2023. Language attitudes towards French: A mixed-method investigation on potential Chinese immigrants in Ontario and Quebec Canada. Journal of Language Teaching 3:7 ► pp. 1 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 8 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.