Newly recognised languages in Chamdo
Geography, culture, history, and language
This article presents information regarding newly recognised
non-Tibetic Tibeto-Burman languages spoken in three counties, Dzogang, Markham,
and Drag-yab, of Chamdo Municipality and the adjacent Dzayul County in the Tibet
Autonomous Region. First, we introduce four languages – Lamo, Larong sMar,
Drag-yab sMar, and gSerkhu – identifying the location of each language on the
Chinese administrative map as well as the numbers of speakers of the languages.
Second, we provide a brief historical background on these languages, which
suggests a relationship between them and Qiangic groups. Third, we display
lexical evidence that shows not only their non-Tibetic features but also their
closeness to Qiangic languages. Finally, the article focuses on Lamo, an endangered language spoken in
Dzogang County, and provides a linguistic analysis of an annotated Lamo
historical narrative in the Appendix.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Mapping the location of non-Tibetic languages
- 2.1Lamo
- 2.2Larong sMar
- 2.3Drag-yab sMar
- 2.4gSerkhu
- 3.Historical background and significance of the study
- 3.1Origin, identity, and history of the languages
- 3.2Language endangerment
- 4.The non-Tibetic features of these languages
- 4.1Lexical features
- 4.2Morphosyntactic features
- 4.2.1Copulative and existential verbs
- 4.2.2Directional prefixes
- 4.2.3Verb stem alternation
- 4.2.4TAM marking
- 4.2.5Case marking
- 4.3Summary
- 5.Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
- Abbreviations
-
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