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Article published In:
Linguistic Variation
Vol. 14:2 (2014) ► pp.179–242

The role of case in A-bar extraction asymmetries

Evidence from Mayan

Many morphologically ergative languages display asymmetries in the extraction of core arguments: while absolutive arguments (transitive objects and intransitive subjects) extract freely, ergative arguments (transitive subjects) cannot. This falls under the label “syntactic ergativity” (see, e.g. Dixon 1972, 1994; Manning 1996; Polinsky to appear(b)). These extraction asymmetries are found in many languages of the Mayan family, where in order to extract transitive subjects (for focus, questions, or relativization), a special construction known as the “Agent Focus” (AF) must be used. These AF constructions have been described as syntactically and semantically transitive because they contain two non-oblique DP arguments, but morphologically intransitive because the verb appears with only a single agreement marker and takes an intransitive status suffix (Aissen 1999; Stiebels 2006). In this paper we offer a proposal for (i) why some morphologically ergative languages exhibit extraction asymmetries, while others do not; and (ii) how the AF construction in Q’anjob’al circumvents this problem. We adopt recent accounts which argue that ergative languages vary in the locus of absolutive case assignment (Aldridge 2004, 2008a; Legate 2002, 2008), and propose that this variation is present within the Mayan family. Based primarily on comparative data from Q’anjob’al and Chol, we argue that the inability to extract ergative arguments does not reflect a problem with properties of the ergative subject itself, but rather reflects locality properties of absolutive case assignment in the clause. We show how the AF morpheme -on circumvents this problem in Q’anjob’al by assigning case to internal arguments.

Keywords: case
Published online: 9 March 2015
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https://doi.org/10.1075/lv.14.2.01coo
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2020. Tracing the Ch’orti’ Antipassive System: A Comparative/Historical View. International Journal of American Linguistics 86:2 ► pp. 237 ff. DOI logo
Royer, Justin
2022. Prosody as syntactic evidence. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 40:1 ► pp. 239 ff. DOI logo
Sheehan, Michelle, Albertyna Paciorek & John Williams
2018. Case/agreement matching: Evidence for a cognitive bias. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 3:1 DOI logo
SHEEHAN, MICHELLE & JENNEKE VAN DER WAL
2018. Nominal licensing in caseless languages. Journal of Linguistics 54:3 ► pp. 527 ff. DOI logo
SKOPETEAS, STAVROS, ELISABETH VERHOEVEN & GISBERT FANSELOW
2022. Discontinuous noun phrases in Yucatec Maya. Journal of Linguistics 58:3 ► pp. 609 ff. DOI logo
Sychev, Roman V.
2021. Morphosyntactic features of progressive in the K’iche’an languages of the Mayan family. Open Linguistics 7:1 ► pp. 594 ff. DOI logo
Tollan, Rebecca
2018. Unergatives are different: Two types of transitivity in Samoan. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 3:1 DOI logo
Tollan, Rebecca
2021. The Role of the Absolutive Object in Morphological Accessibility. Linguistic Inquiry 52:3 ► pp. 640 ff. DOI logo
Tollan, Rebecca & Diane Massam
2022. Licensing unergative objects in ergative languages: The view from Polynesian. Syntax 25:2 ► pp. 242 ff. DOI logo
Watanabe, Akira
2017. The division of labor between syntax and morphology in the Kichean agent-focus construction. Morphology 27:4 ► pp. 685 ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2015. The Acquisition of Inflection in Q’anjob’al Maya [Trends in Language Acquisition Research, 14], DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 5 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.