Article published in:
Elicited Metaphor Analysis in Educational Discourse
Edited by Wan Wan and Graham Low
[Metaphor in Language, Cognition, and Communication 3] 2015
► pp. 139–165

Crowdchecking conceptual metaphors

How principals and teachers frame the principal’s role in academics through metaphor

| Indiana University South Bend
| Indiana University South Bend
| Indiana University South Bend
This chapter presents a procedure for metaphor checking using a crowdsource-like technique to validate conceptual metaphors and proposed entailments gathered electronically. In an initial online survey, K-12 principals and teachers completed metaphoric stems for the roles and duties of building-level administrators. A second survey, sent to the same group of principals, asked participants to rate their levels of agreement with the most frequently referenced conceptual metaphors from the initial surveys and potential entailments that were generated by the research team. Findings from the survey and implications for metaphor analysis studies in relation to crowdchecking methods are discussed.
Keywords: elicited metaphor, metaphor, surveys, teachers, mixed-methods, educational research, principals, crowdchecking, perceptions, fidelity
Published online: 02 July 2015
https://doi.org/10.1075/milcc.3.06dav
References

References

Armstrong, S.L., Davis, H., & Paulson, E.J.
(2011) The subjectivity problem: Improving triangulation approaches in metaphor analysis studies. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 10(2), 151–163.Google Scholar
Behrend, T.S., Sharek, D.J., Meade, A.W., & Wiebe, E.N.
(2011) The viability of crowdsourcing for survey research. Behavior Research Methods, 43, 800–813. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cienki, A.
(2005) Metaphor in the “Strict Father” and “Nurturant Parent” cognitive models: Theoretical issues raised in an empirical study. Cognitive Linguistics, 16(2), 279–312. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Deutskens, E., Ruyter, K.D., Wetzels, M., & Oosterveld, P.
(2004) Response rate and response quality of internet-based surveys: An experimental study. Marketing Letters, 15(1), 21–36. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gee, J.
(1996) Social linguistics and literacies: Ideologies in discourses (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge Falmer.Google Scholar
Henze, R.C.
(2005) Metaphors of diversity, intergroup relations, and equity in the discourse of educational leaders. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 4(4), 243–267. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Howe, J.
(2006) The rise of crowdsourcing. Wired Magazine, 14(6), 1–4.Google Scholar
Koro-Ljungberg, M.
(2001) Metaphors as a way to explore qualitative data. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 14, 367–379. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kövecses, Z.
(2005) Metaphor in culture. Universality and variation. Cambridge, UK & New York: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M.
(1980/2003) Metaphors we live by. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D.
(2008) Linking leadership to student learning: The contributions of leader efficacy. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(4), 496–528. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Low, G.D.
(1999) Validating metaphor research projects. In L. Cameron & G.D. Low (Eds.), Researching and applying metaphor (pp. 48–65). Cambridge, UK & New York: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Low, G.D., & Todd, Z.
(2010) Guidelines for good practice in metaphor analysis. In L. Cameron & R. Maslen (Eds.), Metaphor analysis: Research practice in applied linguistics, social sciences and the humanities (pp. 217–229). London: Equinox.Google Scholar
McCabe, D.H.
(2001) Metaphorical descriptions of the role of women school superintendents. Education, 21(4), 690–703.Google Scholar
Miles, M.B., & Huberman, A.M.
(1994) Qualitative data analysis (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SageGoogle Scholar
Ritchie, D.
(2003) “Argument is war” – Or is it a game of chess? Multiple meanings in the analysis of implicit metaphors. Metaphor and Symbol, 18, 125–146. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, V.M.J., Lloyd, C.A., & Rowe, K.J.
(2008) The impact of leadership on student outcomes: An analysis of the differential effects of leadership types. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(5), 635–674. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Spradley, J.P.
(1980) Participant observation. Toronto, ON: Thompson Learning.Google Scholar
Steen, G.J., Dorst, A.G., Herrmann, J.B., Kaal, A.A., Krennmayr, T., & Pasma, T.
(2010) Metaphor in usage. Cognitive Linguistics, 21, 765–796. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Supovitz, J., Sirinides, P., & May, H.
(2010) How principals and peers influence teaching and learning. Educational Administration Quarterly, 46(1), 31–56. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Swan, M.
(2012) Crowdsourced health research studies: An important emerging complement to clinical trials in the public health research ecosystem. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 14(2). CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wahlstrom, K.L., & Louis, K.S.
(2008) How teachers experience principal leadership: The roles of professional community, trust, efficacy, and shared responsibility. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(4), 458–495. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wan, W.
(2011) An examination of the validity of metaphor analysis studies: Problems with metaphor elicitation techniques. Metaphor and the Social World, 1(2), 261–287. CrossrefGoogle Scholar