A basic assumption of the lexical decision task is that a correct response to a word requires access to a corresponding mental representation of that word. However, systematic patterns of similarities and differences between words and nonwords can lead to an inherent bias for a particular response to a given stimulus. In this paper we introduce LD1NN, a simple algorithm based on one-nearest-neighbor classification that predicts the probability of a word response for each stimulus in an experiment by looking at the word/nonword probabilities of the most similar previously presented stimuli. Then, we apply LD1NN to the task of detecting differences between a set of words and different sets of matched nonwords. Finally, we show that the LD1NN word response probabilities are predictive of response times in three large lexical decision studies and that predicted biases for and against word responses corresponds with respectively faster and slower responses to words in the three studies.
2022. Eine Normierung unterschiedlicher Aspekte der emotionalen Bewertung von Persönlichkeitsattributen. Diagnostica 68:3 ► pp. 115 ff.
Amenta, Simona, Linda Badan & Marc Brysbaert
2021. LexITA: A Quick and Reliable Assessment Tool for Italian L2 Receptive Vocabulary Size. Applied Linguistics 42:2 ► pp. 292 ff.
Aguasvivas, Jose, Manuel Carreiras, Marc Brysbaert, Paweł Mandera, Emmanuel Keuleers & Jon Andoni Duñabeitia
2020. How do Spanish speakers read words? Insights from a crowdsourced lexical decision megastudy. Behavior Research Methods 52:5 ► pp. 1867 ff.
Dirix, Nicolas, Marc Brysbaert & Wouter Duyck
2019. How well do word recognition measures correlate? Effects of language context and repeated presentations. Behavior Research Methods 51:6 ► pp. 2800 ff.
Aguasvivas, Jose Armando, Manuel Carreiras, Marc Brysbaert, Paweł Mandera, Emmanuel Keuleers & Jon Andoni Duñabeitia
2018. SPALEX: A Spanish Lexical Decision Database From a Massive Online Data Collection. Frontiers in Psychology 9
2016. Evaluating cognitive models of visual word recognition using fMRI: Effects of lexical and sublexical variables. NeuroImage 128 ► pp. 328 ff.
Gomez, Pablo & Manuel Perea
2014. Decomposing encoding and decisional components in visual-word recognition: A diffusion model analysis. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 67:12 ► pp. 2455 ff.
Muncer, Steven J., David C. Knight & John W. Adams
2013. Lexical decision and the number of morphemes and affixes. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 54:5 ► pp. 349 ff.
van Kesteren, Ron, Ton Dijkstra & Koenraad de Smedt
2012. Markedness effects in Norwegian–English bilinguals: Task-dependent use of language-specific letters and bigrams. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 65:11 ► pp. 2129 ff.
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