Article published In:
Phonological and Phonetic considerations of Lexical Processing[The Mental Lexicon 8:3] 2013
► pp. 450–481
[The Mental Lexicon 8:3] 2013
► pp. 450–481
Learning is not decline
The mental lexicon as a window into cognition across the lifespan
As otherwise healthy adults age, their performance on cognitive tests tends to decline. This change is traditionally taken as evidence that cognitive processing is subject to significant declines in healthy aging. We examine this claim, showing current theories over-estimate the evidence in support of it, and demonstrating that when properly evaluated, the empirical record often indicates that the opposite is true.
To explain the disparity between the evidence and current theories, we show how the models of learning assumed in aging research are incapable of capturing even the most basic of empirical facts of “associative” learning, and lend themselves to spurious discoveries of “cognitive decline.” Once a more accurate model of learning is introduced, we demonstrate that far from declining, the accuracy of older adults lexical processing appears to improve continuously across the lifespan. We further identify other measures on which performance does not decline with age, and show how these different patterns of performance fit within an overall framework of learning.
Finally, we consider the implications of our demonstrations of continuous and consistent learning performance throughout adulthood for our understanding of the changes in underlying brain morphology that occur during the course of cognitive development across the lifespan.
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2024. Ongoing exposure to an ambient language continues to build implicit knowledge across the lifespan. Linguistics Vanguard
Viviani, Eva, Michael Ramscar & Elizabeth Wonnacott
2024. The Effects of Linear Order in Category Learning: Some Replications of Ramscar et al. (2010) and Their Implications for Replicating Training Studies. Cognitive Science 48:5
冯, 培仪
2024. The Effect of Cognitive Aging on the Deterioration of Risky Decision Making in Older Adults. Advances in Psychology 14:08 ► pp. 632 ff.
Colby, Sarah E. & Bob McMurray
2023. Efficiency of spoken word recognition slows across the adult lifespan. Cognition 240 ► pp. 105588 ff.
Luo, Xiaoliang, Nicholas J. Sexton & Bradley C. Love
2023. A deep learning account of how language affects thought. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience 38:4 ► pp. 499 ff.
Yeh, Su-Ling, Shuo-Heng Li, Li Jingling, Joshua O. S. Goh, Yi-Ping Chao & Arthur C. Tsai
2022. Age-Related Differences in the Neural Processing of Idioms: A Positive Perspective. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 14
BIDGOOD, AMY, JULIAN PINE, CAROLINE ROWLAND, GIOVANNI SALA, DANIEL FREUDENTHAL & BEN AMBRIDGE
2021. Verb argument structure overgeneralisations for the English intransitive and transitive constructions: grammaticality judgments and production priming. Language and Cognition 13:3 ► pp. 397 ff.
Carlson, Matthew T., Antonio Fábregas & Michael T. Putnam
2021. How Wide the Divide? – Theorizing ‘Constructions’ in Generative and Usage-Based Frameworks. Frontiers in Psychology 12
Cevoli, Benedetta, Chris Watkins & Kathleen Rastle
2021. What is semantic diversity and why does it facilitate visual word recognition?. Behavior Research Methods 53:1 ► pp. 247 ff.
McConnell, Kyla & Alice Blumenthal-Dramé
2021. Usage-Based Individual Differences in the Probabilistic Processing of Multi-Word Sequences. Frontiers in Communication 6
Aguasvivas, Jose, Manuel Carreiras, Marc Brysbaert, Paweł Mandera, Emmanuel Keuleers & Jon Andoni Duñabeitia
2020. How do Spanish speakers read words? Insights from a crowdsourced lexical decision megastudy. Behavior Research Methods 52:5 ► pp. 1867 ff.
Brouwer, Jelle, Floor van den Berg, Remco Knooihuizen, Hanneke Loerts & Merel Keijzer
2020. Exploring Language Learning as a Potential Tool against Cognitive Impairment in Late-Life Depression: Two Meta-Analyses and Suggestions for Future Research. Behavioral Sciences 10:9 ► pp. 132 ff.
Günther, Fritz, Marco Alessandro Petilli & Marco Marelli
2020. Semantic transparency is not invisibility: A computational model of perceptually-grounded conceptual combination in word processing. Journal of Memory and Language 112 ► pp. 104104 ff.
Krethlow, Giulia, Raphaël Fargier & Marina Laganaro
2020. Age‐Specific Effects of Lexical–Semantic Networks on Word Production. Cognitive Science 44:11
Qiu, Mengyang & Brendan T. Johns
2020. Semantic diversity in paired-associate learning: Further evidence for the information accumulation perspective of cognitive aging. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 27:1 ► pp. 114 ff.
Gahl, Susanne & R. Harald Baayen
2019. Twenty-eight years of vowels: Tracking phonetic variation through young to middle age adulthood. Journal of Phonetics 74 ► pp. 42 ff.
Günther, Fritz, Luca Rinaldi & Marco Marelli
2019. Vector-Space Models of Semantic Representation From a Cognitive Perspective: A Discussion of Common Misconceptions. Perspectives on Psychological Science 14:6 ► pp. 1006 ff.
Baayen, Harald, Shravan Vasishth, Reinhold Kliegl & Douglas Bates
2017. The cave of shadows: Addressing the human factor with generalized additive mixed models. Journal of Memory and Language 94 ► pp. 206 ff.
Kaandorp, Marre W., Cas Smits, Paul Merkus, Joost M. Festen & S. Theo Goverts
2017. Lexical-Access Ability and Cognitive Predictors of Speech Recognition in Noise in Adult Cochlear Implant Users. Trends in Hearing 21
Ma, Timmy & Natalia L. Komarova
2017. Mathematical Modeling of Learning from an Inconsistent Source: A Nonlinear Approach. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 79:3 ► pp. 635 ff.
Ramscar, Michael, Ching Chu Sun, Peter Hendrix & Harald Baayen
2017. The Mismeasurement of Mind: Life-Span Changes in Paired-Associate-Learning Scores Reflect the “Cost” of Learning, Not Cognitive Decline. Psychological Science 28:8 ► pp. 1171 ff.
Baayen, R. Harald, Petar Milin & Michael Ramscar
2016. Frequency in lexical processing. Aphasiology 30:11 ► pp. 1174 ff.
Baayen, R. Harald, Cyrus Shaoul, Jon Willits & Michael Ramscar
2016. Comprehension without segmentation: a proof of concept with naive discriminative learning. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience 31:1 ► pp. 106 ff.
Blevins, James P., Farrell Ackerman & Robert Malouf
2016. Morphology as an adaptive discriminative system. In Morphological Metatheory [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 229], ► pp. 271 ff.
Ramscar, Michael
2016. Learning and the replicability of priming effects. Current Opinion in Psychology 12 ► pp. 80 ff.
RAMSCAR, Michael
2021. How children learn to communicate discriminatively. Journal of Child Language 48:5 ► pp. 984 ff.
Ramscar, Michael & Robert F. Port
2016. How spoken languages work in the absence of an inventory of discrete units. Language Sciences 53 ► pp. 58 ff.
Rische, Jacquelyn L. & Natalia L. Komarova
2016. Regularization of languages by adults and children: A mathematical framework. Cognitive Psychology 84 ► pp. 1 ff.
Keuleers, Emmanuel, Michaël Stevens, Paweł Mandera & Marc Brysbaert
2015. Word knowledge in the crowd: Measuring vocabulary size and word prevalence in a massive online experiment. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 68:8 ► pp. 1665 ff.
Pham, Hien & Harald Baayen
2015. Vietnamese compounds show an anti-frequency effect in visual lexical decision. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience 30:9 ► pp. 1077 ff.
Ramscar, Michael & Harald Baayen
2015. Learning and Cognitive Maturation. In The Encyclopedia of Adulthood and Aging, ► pp. 1 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 21 december 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.