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Negation and Speculation Detection
Noa P. Cruz Díaz and Manuel J. Maña López
[Natural Language Processing 13] 2019
► pp. 53–62

Chapter 5
Resources

Chapter 5 presents a set of relevant resources for any researcher or developer interested in the problem: the main publicly available corpora annotated with information about negation and speculation for different domains and languages, the set of available negation/speculation recognition tools developed for English that can be integrated in other NLP applications and a description of the evaluation metrics used by the NLP community to evaluate the detectors built to tackle this task.

Article outline
  • 5.1Annotated corpora
  • 5.2Tools
  • 5.3Evaluation
    • 5.3.1Evaluation measures for cue identification
    • 5.3.2Evaluation measures for scope resolution
  • 5.4Conclusions and chapter summary
  • 5.5Further reading and relevant resources
  • Notes
  • Suggestions for further reading
References

Suggestions for further reading

Baeza-Yates, R., & Ribeiro-Neto, B.
(1999) Modern information retrieval. New York, NY: ACM Press.Google Scholar
Kolhatkar, V., Wu, H., Cavasso, L., Francis, E., Shukla, K., & Taboada, M.
(2018) The SFU Opinion and Comments Corpus: A Corpus for the Analysis of Online News Comments.Google Scholar
Morante, R.
(2010) Descriptive analysis of negation cues in biomedical texts.Google Scholar
Pustejovsky, J., & Stubbs, A.
(2012) Natural Language Annotation for Machine Learning: A guide to corpus-building for applications. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.".Google Scholar
Sokolova, M., Japkowicz, N., & Szpakowicz, S.
(2006) Beyond accuracy, F-score and ROC: A family of discriminant measures for performance evaluation. Paper presented at the Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 1015–1021.Google Scholar
Vincze, V.
(2010, July). Speculation and negation annotation in natural language texts: what the case of BioScope might (not) reveal. In Proceedings of the workshop on negation and speculation in natural language processing (pp.28–31). Association for Computational Linguistics.Google Scholar
Wilbur, W. J., Rzhetsky, A., & Shatkay, H.
(2006) New directions in biomedical text annotation: definitions, guidelines and corpus construction. BMC bioinformatics, 7(1), 356.Google Scholar