Table of contents
Acknowledgements
ix
Introduction
1
Chapter 1.
Corpora
10
1.1
Corpora and corpus-building
10
1.2
Types of corpora
13
1.3
Corpora for translator training and translation practice
17
1.4
Corpus Limitations
22
1.5
The web as corpus
24
Chapter 2.
Legal language and legal corpora
29
2.1
Legal Language
29
2.2
Corpora for legal translation
34
Chapter 3.
The research activities carried out
Methodology on corpus building and on the organisation of the translation
application
37
3.1
Scope of the research
37
3.2
Why a manual corpus compilation
39
3.3
The English Corpus
40
3.4
The Italian Corpus
43
3.5
Copyright issues
47
3.6
The Sketch Engine Platform
47
3.7
Application in Translator Training
48
Chapter 4.
Common law and civil law
Tackling legal system differences in the corpus-based translation of terms
of web hosting services
58
4.1
Clauses of English and Italian ToS: An Introduction
58
4.2
Definitions and Premises
59
4.3
Headings
60
4.4
The Parties’ Obligations and Responsibilities
61
4.5
Provision of the Service, Price and Payment
62
4.6
Contract Term and Termination
62
4.7
Confidentiality, Privacy Policy and Intellectual Property Rights
71
4.8
Limitation of Liability
74
4.9
Representations and Warranties
85
4.10
Indemnification
94
4.11
Amendments, Assignment and Non-solicitation
97
4.12
Force Majeure
101
4.13
Boilerplate clauses: Severability, Entire Agreement, Survival, Notices,
Waivers
105
4.14
Governing Law and Jurisdiction
112
4.15
Unfair Terms
113
4.16
Challenges
115
4.17
Conclusions
116
Chapter 5.
A Comparative corpus analysis of terms and conditions of web hosting services
for translation purposes
118
5.1
English to Italian corpus-based translations
119
5.2
Italian to English corpus-based translations
151
5.3
Equivalent clauses
176
5.4
Final remarks
182
5.5
Conclusion
183
Chapter 6.
Translator training
Corpus-based translation application
184
6.1
Text to translate from Italian into English (first translation
assignment)
184
6.2
Text to translate from English into Italian (first translation
assignment)
196
6.3
Text to translate from Italian into English (second translation
assignment)
209
6.4
Text to translate from English into Italian (second translation
assignment)
220
6.5
Final considerations
231
6.6
Discussion on the results of the training experiment in light of
literature findings
232
6.7
Conclusion
235
Conclusions
238
Reference list
246
Appendices
261
Appendix 1.
Website owners
262
Appendix 2.
First and Second Translation Assignments
265
Appendix 3.
Questionnaire on the students’ background knowledge and on the language
resources consulted for the first translation assignment
267
Appendix 4.
The students’ previous knowledge of and experience in legal language,
legal translation and online or offline corpora
271
Appendix 5.
The students’ language resources consulted for the first translation
assignment
273
Appendix 6.
Clause titles of English and Italian Terms of Web Hosting
Services
275
Appendix 7.
English and Italian equivalent clauses of terms of web hosting services
with peculiar legal effects in both legal systems
278
Appendix 8.
Glossary of English service-specific formulae and their Italian
equivalents
296
Appendix 9.
Glossary of English contract-specific formulae and their Italian
equivalents
298
Appendix 10.
Glossary of Italian contract-specific formulae and their English
equivalents
301
Appendix 11.
English and Italian equivalent clauses
305
Appendix 12.
Corpus-based analyses for the first translation assignment
(Italian>English)
319
Appendix 13.
Corpus-based analyses for the first translation assignment
(English>Italian)
323
Appendix 14.
Corpus-based analyses for the second translation assignment
(Italian>English)
328
Appendix 15.
Corpus-based analyses for the second translation assignment
(English>Italian)
333
Index
337