A
- ablaut71,
79–80
, 83, 94, 100,
103–104
, 106
- adjectival inflection215, 216,
218–219
, 297, 371, 373, 374, 375, 377, 380, 433, 460
- adverbial183, 283, 422, 541
- allomorphy20, 39, 40, 41, 51, 55, 134, 232, 246, 419, 430, 441, 504
- analogy27,
32–35
, 90, 112,
121–122
, 128, 183,
488–489
, 493, 498, 505, 506,
526–527
-
interparadigmatic analogy32, 84, 86, 106, 112, 121, 122, 129, 183, 186, 232, 238, 280, 296, 412, 503
-
intraparadigmatic analogy22, 26, 32, 34, 107, 121, 123, 124, 178, 182, 198, 202, 203, 232, 246, 259, 280, 463
- (non-)proportional analogy33, 523
- analogical levelling33, 34, 61, 85, 86, 87, 118, 123, 126, 166, 183, 205, 251, 410, 471, 511
- Anglian107, 131, 132, 133, 146, 148, 167, 171, 172, 173, 186, 187,189, 197, 199, 201, 207, 208, 212, 213, 219, 220, 221, 223, 224, 235, 236, 242, 312, 515
- Anglo-Frisian6, 249, 316, 484, 503
- apocope60, 84, 94, 127, 155, 202, 260, 267, 274, 363, 365, 406, 424, 450,
467–468
, 495, 511, 525
-
schwa apocope465, 528, 495
- athematic78, 80, 85, 101, 135
-
Auslautgesetze
9, 35, 84, 87, 127, 475, 482, 484, 492, 522
B
- Bede75, 169, 220, 223, 236
C
- case/number (marker)15, 17, 32, 34, 37, 40, 54, 60, 80, 88, 111, 127, 226, 240, 385, 469, 471, 478, 487,
493–494
, 504, 508
- cognitive30, 31, 51, 53, 456, 521, 523
- complex adaptive system31, 487, 522
- complexity17, 31, 36, 39, 40, 50, 53, 479, 503, 523
- morphological complexity
53–56
, 479, 502, 504
- Conserving Effect
48–49
,
51–52
, 188, 196, 483,
497–498
, 502, 505,
521–522
- consonantal alternation19, 20, 26, 51, 56, 57, 198, 232, 449, 462, 485, 495, 496, 502, 503, 504, 505
- consonantal class (declension)19, 63, 68, 82, 110, 117, 120, 134, 137, 176, 239, 274, 302, 367, 383, 406, 438, 442, 458, 486
- continuum (dialectal)
4–5
, 67, 68, 150, 209, 249, 311, 312, 313, 316, 317, 320, 386, 391, 394, 395, 440, 451, 452, 454, 461, 469, 475, 527
D
- declension shift
3–4
,
22–25
, 63
- default (class)25, 43, 72,
73–74
, 89, 121, 230, 421, 444, 451, 485
- default inheritance18, 241
- default marker43, 58, 297, 374, 475,
477–478
- derivation(al)18, 41, 71, 70, 78, 80, 90, 91, 92, 93, 98, 103, 135, 372, 444, 471, 475, 495, 508, 538
- dialectal, diatopic
66–67
, 75, 84, 93, 121, 124,
130–133
, 148, 161,
167–168
, 172, 186, 187, 197, 201,
207–208
, 212,
219–220
,
223–224
, 225,
234–236
, 253, 255, 294, 303, 312, 316,
317–320
, 326, 351, 386, 397, 398, 445,
527–528
- disintegration61,
492–493
- disyllabic103, 109, 202,
206–207
, 214,
215–221
, 225, 228, 230, 234, 242, 243, 296,
374–377
, 380, 384, 428, 433, 457, 458, 462, 463, 466, 476, 449, 511, 529
- double marker39, 343, 373, 383, 438, 505
- Dutch6, 9, 61, 113, 273, 308, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 400, 417, 423, 428, 430, 444, 445, 452, 469, 470, 473, 474, 476, 477, 479, 503, 505, 506, 509
- Middle Dutch9, 11, 252, 255, 257, 282, 287, 290, 394, 401, 403, 404, 409, 411, 413, 416, 423, 427, 428, 430, 434, 437, 438, 441, 444, 452, 479, 542
- dynamic systemsee also complex dynamic system30, 48, 126, 523, 524
E
-
English
- Early Old English5, 10, 66,
130–131
, 145, 148, 156, 160, 167, 171, 172, 178, 186, 197, 207, 208, 219, 220, 223, 224,
234–235
, 239, 385, 389, 453, 454, 474, 511
- Middle English10, 27, 43, 143, 175, 194, 205, 212, 221, 225, 252, 300, 403, 452, 478, 503, 510
- Late Old English2, 5, 10, 17, 27, 61, 129,
130–131
, 135, 136, 142, 148, 152, 164, 167, 171, 172, 175, 178, 186, 191, 192, 196, 197, 205, 207, 208, 218, 219, 220, 223, 224,
234–235
, 246, 250, 254, 454, 476, 491, 520, 526
- Eastphalian317, 318, 319, 326, 363
- economy30, 38, 40, 41, 500, 505
- Engrian317, 318, 319, 326
- entrenchment, entrenched30, 49,
51–52
, 505, 521
- epenthesis, epenthetic190, 430
F
- first language acquisition49, 52, 504
- formal marking51, 54, 502
- Franconian423, 445, 468, 470, 473, 476, 477, 497, 510
- Central Franconian394, 395, 398, 407, 419, 429, 440, 441, 442
- frequency
23–24
, 30,
35–37
,
40–42
,
48–53
, 149, 155, 165, 171, 180, 182, 184, 185, 186, 188, 189, 196, 198, 206, 217, 218, 220, 221, 228,
230–232
, 246, 290, 322, 365,
377–378
, 385, 461, 482, 489, 494,
497–501
,
512–513
, 516,
521–522
- absolute frequency53, 499
- lemma frequency53, 59, 65, 149, 165, 278, 497
- relative frequency53, 155, 165, 186, 198, 220, 230, 304, 305, 306, 362, 368, 427, 460, 497, 500, 507
- token frequency40, 42,
48–49
, 52, 139, 144, 150, 154, 174, 176, 179, 182, 186, 188, 189, 196, 212, 221, 229, 251, 297, 381, 434, 449, 456, 460, 466, 471,
497–500
, 503, 506, 507, 511, 521, 522
- type frequency20, 33,
42–43
,
48–49
, 52, 130, 140, 176, 223, 451, 456, 466, 471, 475, 497, 499, 522
-
Frisian
- classical Old Frisian64, 253, 254, 259, 278, 294, 307, 308, 454, 536
- East Frisian294, 450, 500, 506
- North Frisian38, 186, 284, 290, 295, 305
- Old East Frisian9, 253, 255, 256, 257, 260, 296
- Old West Frisian253, 255, 256, 257, 260, 296, 298, 300, 319, 503
- post-classical Old Frisian253, 254, 258, 307, 308, 486, 535
- West Frisian9, 290, 300, 305, 450, 501, 503, 505, 509, 528, 541
- functional contrast56, 62, 150, 174, 237, 238, 266, 343, 375, 475, 491, 506
- functionality4, 30, 55, 88, 127, 150, 247, 303, 306, 487,
491–496
, 504, 521
- functionalization469,
470–471
G
- gemination, West Germanic147, 150
- gender
17–18
,
58–61
, 70, 82, 89, 90, 109,
125–126
, 127,
134–135
, 153, 167, 200, 205,
225–227
, 246, 256, 257, 262, 267, 283, 284, 300, 306, 323, 341, 364, 380,
402–403
, 442, 451, 476,
486–487
,
508–510
,
513–514
,
525–526
- gender shift58, 266, 227, 341
-
Genesis
311, 312, 313, 320, 321, 322, 360, 362, 363, 366, 386
- genre8, 64, 65, 68, 129, 252, 256, 284, 285, 308, 309, 312, 320, 322, 324, 386, 389, 519
-
German
- High German19, 24, 61, 210, 211, 311, 313, 314, 319, 324, 326, 335, 366, 369, 391, 393, 394, 395, 398, 430, 433, 439, 440, 441, 444, 445, 450, 465, 468, 469, 470, 473, 477, 479, 484, 493, 495, 496, 504, 508, 509, 510, 525
- Low German6, 61, 105, 250, 287, 291, 311, 314, 367, 384, 393, 398, 464, 473, 474, 477, 479, 504, 509, 510, 517, 528, 539
- Middle High German157, 211, 430, 441, 452, 465, 477, 525
- Middle Low German9, 255, 282, 290, 311, 325, 341, 368, 372, 373, 383, 384, 390, 391, 403, 510, 525, 539
- Old High German4, 13, 24, 63, 67, 86, 90, 92, 94, 95, 97, 102, 105, 107, 108, 109, 111, 124, 125, 142, 147, 209, 210, 299, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 320, 326, 327, 328, 329, 331, 332, 342, 344, 346, 351, 355, 356, 357, 366, 369, 370, 372, 380, 387, 390, 391, 393, 395, 396, 398, 401, 402, 404, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 413, 415, 418, 424, 427, 429, 435, 440, 444, 445, 454, 464, 468, 473, 475, 482, 487, 525, 528, 532, 540
-
Germanic
- Coastal Germanic67, 380, 390, 391, 408, 454
- Common Germanic3, 77, 78, 80, 124, 127, 128, 332, 370
- Continental (West) Germanic4, 8, 24, 43, 44, 56, 61, 63, 67, 82, 86, 92, 96, 97, 100, 102, 105, 118, 119, 121, 150, 316, 345, 353, 363, 373, 394, 410, 424, 449, 450, 451, 452, 465, 467, 468, 469,470, 471, 472, 474, 476, 477, 478, 483, 485, 494, 495, 496, 502, 503, 504, 508, 523, 525, 528
- East Germanic79, 94, 113, 147, 245
- Inland Germanic4, 67, 119, 328, 344, 357, 360, 363, 379, 380, 390, 391, 393, 395, 419, 527
- North Germanic79, 85, 86, 94, 99, 103, 109, 110, 113, 117, 118, 122, 250, 291, 257, 471, 482, 483, 484, 520
- North Sea Germanic4, 5, 8, 19, 44, 67, 93, 124, 125, 311, 314, 315, 317, 318, 319, 320, 327, 363, 422, 431, 452, 468, 469, 470, 472, 473, 482, 483, 527
- Northwest Germanic78, 84, 99, 105, 118, 120, 122, 123, 124, 482
- Germanic foot
206–207
, 511
- Gothic4, 13, 71, 77, 79, 85, 86, 88, 90, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 113, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 124, 135,
141–142
, 157, 158, 271, 331, 455, 482, 483, 484, 491, 528, 529
- graphemic258, 313, 317, 318,
325–327
, 394
H
-
Heliand
76, 311,
312–313
, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 326, 329, 330, 338, 339, 350, 351, 353, 360, 362, 364, 365, 366, 375, 386, 413, 424
- ms. C317, 319, 320, 321, 326, 330, 335, 338, 339, 352, 362, 364,
365–366
, 378
- ms. M318, 320, 321, 326, 330, 339, 352, 360, 362, 364, 366, 378
- ms. S (Straubing)76, 317, 318, 319, 321, 360, 363, 364, 386, 424
- high reflex
346–348
, 352,
355–358
, 527
- homonymy (homonymous)40, 50, 492, 493
- homophony (homophonous)72, 74, 119, 240, 332, 344, 362
I
- (Old)Icelandic1, 19, 38, 61, 96, 127, 451, 484, 493, 520
- iconicity30, 36,
39–41
, 54, 55, 238
-
i-mutation19, 20, 26, 32, 34, 43, 55, 56, 84,
86–87
, 93, 101, 108, 123, 129, 141,
150–151
,
182–183
, 189, 200, 211, 230, 280, 284, 313,
327–328
, 332, 358, 360, 363, 383, 396, 406, 407,
412–413
,
423–424
, 444, 445,
463–464
, 467,
468–473
, 476, 495, 504, 510, 513, 525
- primary i-mutation/i-umlaut327, 332, 363, 406, 424, 469
- secondary i-mutation328, 363, 363, 396, 421, 464, 473, 525
- inflectional class
16–17
, 42, 43, 45, 80, 83, 88, 246
- Ingvaeonic4, 5, 82, 119, 250, 311, 313, 314, 315,
318–320
, 324, 344, 351, 360, 363, 364, 366, 391, 393, 394, 396, 401, 421, 423, 435
- instrumental27, 28, 83, 88, 89, 92, 94, 95, 98, 102, 105, 112, 116, 118, 273, 276, 324, 325, 333, 334, 336, 338, 340, 341, 342, 344, 346, 347, 348, 356, 385, 389, 475, 491
-
interparadigmatic, interdeclensional (transfers)6, 21,
22–25
, 62, 70, 78, 88, 90,
111–112
,
121–125
, 142, 232, 323, 390, 400, 449, 450, 482, 485, 488, 509, 520, 521, 525
-
intraparadigmatic (realignments)6, 22,
26–27
, 33, 62, 117, 122, 164, 174, 178, 222, 232, 233, 246
K
- Kentish132, 136, 167, 168, 169, 208, 209
L
- language contact313, 326, 396, 467, 520, 522, 526
- Latin2, 78, 99, 109, 144, 215, 329, 337, 397, 398, 400, 423, 427, 431, 538, 541
-
Lautverschiebung
395, 398, 441
-
Leiden Willeram
66, 76, 394,395, 398, 405, 407, 411, 412, 416, 417, 419, 423, 424, 426, 433, 434,
439–441
, 465
- lexicalization469, 500, 501
- Limburgian397, 405, 444, 476, 477, 504
-
Lindisfarne Gospels
187, 203, 224, 235
- low reflex71,
346–348
,
355–357
M
- major declension(s)3, 22, 82, 499
- marked(ness)12, 30,
35–39
, 40, 41, 238, 430, 502
- markedness hierarchy28, 36, 37, 494
- markedness reversal
37–38
- mental representation30, 51, 521
- Mercian66,
131–133
, 143, 146, 150, 151, 152, 172, 173, 181, 187, 189, 190, 196,
208–210
, 211, 219, 236
- metrical (structure)103, 150, 205, 206, 207, 214, 511
- minor declension(s)52, 63, 82, 92, 123, 241, 243, 251, 389, 516, 524
- monosyllabic207,
214–221
, 228, 230, 231, 234, 235, 243,
295–296
, 374,
376–377
, 384, 449, 457, 458, 462, 463, 466
- morphological reanalysis
60–61
- morphologisation86, 107, 363, 444, 469, 470, 495, 504, 525
- morphophonemic alternation33, 34, 41, 232, 259, 278, 282, 292, 295, 449, 463, 475, 485, 493, 503, 522
- morphosyntactic category19, 23, 25, 27, 28, 33, 34,
36–37
, 39, 53, 59, 63, 83, 157, 179, 185, 230, 231, 487, 489, 490, 498, 499, 507, 526
N
- Natural Morphology10, 16, 30, 35, 36, 39, 40, 42, 45, 54, 241, 246
- naturalness36, 39, 40, 41, 54
- neutral forms72,
73–74
, 167, 177, 203, 330, 347, 456,
465–466
, 488
-
nomina agentis
68, 81, 109, 213, 221, 476
- Northumbrian131, 132, 146, 150, 164, 168, 189, 190, 194, 203, 205,
208–209
, 212, 220, 224, 236, 289
-
n-stems20, 24, 25, 42, 44, 62, 79, 82, 92, 110, 121, 134,
142–143
, 145, 152, 156, 158,
163–164
,
166–167
, 169,
174–175
, 180, 181, 193, 194, 205, 212,
225–226
, 251, 271, 274, 290, 295, 298,
299–300
, 306, 325, 367, 378, 384, 387, 388, 391,
401–402
,
416–417
, 427, 433, 435, 445,
451–452
,
477–478
, 485, 489, 490, 495, 505, 512
-
n-/ō-stems401, 407, 409, 410, 411, 412, 416, 417, 418, 419, 421, 435, 438
- number17, 37, 40,
54–55
, 60, 174, 185, 191, 195,
204–205
,
228–229
, 232, 238, 278, 305, 306, 425, 428, 434, 437,
457–458
, 469, 470, 471, 478, 487, 490,
493–495
, 505, 508, 521, 523
- dual number37, 100, 159, 160, 353, 484
-
Numerusprofilierung
20, 494
O
- oblique cases59, 83, 90, 98, 107, 108, 109, 123, 147, 183, 198, 199, 203, 229, 275, 371, 501
- Old Norse13, 77, 79, 82, 85, 86, 87, 91, 96, 102, 104, 107, 108, 109, 110, 117, 118, 121, 284, 346, 355, 361, 532
- onomastic
74–75
, 140, 311, 317, 318, 397, 399
- orthographic254, 314, 326
- overlapping forms18, 24, 72, 73, 171, 176, 337, 343, 344, 389, 466, 488, 527
P
- participle68, 109,
213–214
, 218, 221, 373, 375, 433, 533
- periodisation
252–253
, 307, 308
- perpetual dynamics31, 522
- phonological reduction (weakening)21, 27, 45, 73, 84, 85, 88, 126, 131,
136–137
, 148, 161, 236, 258, 260, 273, 274, 278, 289, 294, 297, 326, 336, 356, 363, 411, 450, 467, 468, 476, 505, 511
- plural proportion185, 196, 198, 218,
230–231
, 304, 368, 497, 500
- plurality marker (exponent)56, 164, 176, 178, 185, 202, 213, 230, 241, 358, 372, 373, 383, 430, 437, 444, 445, 451, 464, 469, 471, 477, 478, 479, 495, 496, 502, 506, 510
- poetic (texts)70, 76, 129, 146, 154, 164, 166, 188, 219, 312, 320, 371, 372, 378, 385, 478
- processing
30–31
, 40, 516, 521
- productive paradigm43,
41–46
- productivity22, 33,
41–46
, 49, 63, 82, 89,
92–93
, 96, 97, 99, 158, 189, 210, 214, 221,
237–238
, 323, 331, 372, 390, 401, 408, 410, 424, 430,
444–445
, 450, 451,
475–476
,
499–500
- secondary productivity105, 465, 470, 477
- (Proto-)Indo-European2, 15, 18, 22, 27, 28, 58, 69, 71, 78, 79, 80, 84, 85, 87, 88, 93, 99, 101, 109, 119, 135, 200, 239, 335, 495
- Proto-Germanic6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 40, 61, 62, 69, 70, 71,
78–128
, 130, 138, 147, 152, 158, 160, 162, 175, 177, 178, 189, 191, 199, 203, 210, 211, 213, 214, 221, 225, 233, 239, 245, 251, 256, 257, 259, 262, 265, 272, 275, 278, 298, 306, 313, 316, 335, 346, 347, 348, 355, 356, 358, 363, 365, 387, 404, 419, 430, 438, 442, 353, 467, 473, 474, 475, 477, 484, 485, 488, 491, 492, 498, 501, 511, 515, 516, 524, 539
R
- reanalysis80, 109, 344, 430, 471, 488, 496, 505
- Reducing Effect
48–49
, 51, 155, 498, 502
- redundancy (redundant marking)28, 39, 54, 56
- referential category60, 493, 495
-
Rhinelandic Rhyming Bible
394, 398, 405, 407, 408, 411, 412, 416, 417, 419, 422, 424, 426, 433, 439,
440–441
, 465
-
Riustring (manuscript)
250, 253, 258, 263,273, 274, 294
-
r-formative19, 26, 105, 107, 108, 109, 198, 202, 203, 204, 209,
210–211
, 213, 230, 292, 305, 371,
372–373
, 429, 430, 431, 464, 465,
470–472
, 486, 495, 496, 505, 511, 522, 523
-
Runic
- Early Runic13, 77, 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 113, 114, 115, 116, 121, 123, 124, 151, 356, 357
- Runic Frisian85, 94, 253, 255
- runic (forms)64, 85, 255, 311, 399, 400, 417, 532, 539
-
Rushworth Gospels
132, 187, 224, 235
S
- salience36,
53–58
, 126, 169, 180, 182, 188, 221, 228,
229–230
, 237, 246, 282, 300,
303–304
, 351,
382–383
, 419, 434,
437–438
, 443, 458,
461–464
, 471, 476, 482, 484, 494,
496–497
,
501–505
,
512–514
, 522
- salience scale36, 55, 57, 204, 223, 496, 502, 503, 512
- salient marker56, 87, 231, 351, 383, 402, 428, 438, 461, 462, 464, 465, 475, 476, 495, 502, 503, 504, 505, 510, 512, 513, 514, 521, 522
- Saxon131, 132, 133, 172, 173, 186, 187, 189, 197, 205, 207, 208, 209, 212, 213, 219,220,221, 223, 224, 235, 236
-
Sächsisches Taufgelobnis
350
- (Old) Scandinavian see also Old Norse4, 61, 106, 528
-
schwa
258, 329, 404, 405, 426, 441, 465, 495, 510, 528
- scribal (practices, error)132, 175, 254, 313, 314, 315, 317, 325, 367, 378, 405
- semantics18, 36, 44, 47,
58–60
, 81, 101, 158, 165, 173, 185, 186, 192, 198, 206, 218, 228, 229, 232, 246, 290, 299, 304, 305, 306, 373, 381, 436, 461, 497, 498, 499,
506–508
, 514, 516,
521–522
- simplification46, 56, 127, 134, 400, 467, 523, 525
- spelling106, 136, 139, 175, 254, 312, 319, 325,
326–327
, 329, 330, 345, 346, 348, 360, 362, 378, 404, 405, 406,
407–408
- stability12, 21,
41–42
, 44, 45, 46, 105, 142, 189, 195, 237, 246, 302, 341, 344, 464, 476, 487, 493
- stem alternation (modulation)18, 19, 20, 33, 40, 51, 55, 56, 57, 230, 238, 462, 504, 502, 505
- stem-based inflection22, 81, 210, 238, 306, 474, 475, 476
- stem formative21, 56, 85, 107, 109, 146, 147, 157, 175, 202, 209, 238, 239, 240, 242, 292, 335, 338, 344, 483, 485, 488, 501
- stem type13, 15, 21, 81, 83, 225, 227, 239, 244, 267, 275, 301, 307, 345, 351, 375, 379, 387, 442, 443, 458, 465, 468, 477
- suffixation18, 19, 20, 40, 55, 56, 238, 504, 505
- super class323, 358, 419, 438
- superstable marker46, 237, 491
- syllable (stem) weight60, 68, 85, 93, 99, 127, 137, 143, 145, 155, 170, 173, 179, 184, 233, 262, 267, 276, 277, 332, 342, 354, 404, 447,
510–512
- syncope84, 87, 96, 107, 143, 165, 202
- syncretism(s)18, 21,
27–29
, 33, 45, 50, 84, 87, 88, 123, 129, 239, 244, 323, 348, 412, 485, 487, 491
T
- taxonomy, taxonomic
7–8
, 10,
239–244
, 251,
306–307
,
387–389
, 403,
442–443
,
514–516
, 519, 524
- text type65, 68, 188, 256, 312
- thematic78, 80, 85, 89, 135, 175, 239
- toponymic396, 399, 400, 417, 431, 541
- transfers, early23, 141, 158, 162, 199, 271, 323, 345, 352, 414, 529, 538
- transfers, historical23, 78, 133, 255, 529, 531
- transparency15, 29, 30, 39,
40–41
, 54, 60, 69, 83, 87, 88, 136, 238, 240, 246, 247, 482, 492, 493, 510, 520
- trochaic foot150,
206–207
, 477,
511–512
- typological shift3, 8, 80, 210, 238, 314, 471,
474–475
, 476, 478
U
-
Unia
73, 254, 256, 260, 300
- uniformity16,
39–41
, 191, 278, 295, 425, 436, 443, 451, 485, 493
- unproductive paradigm43,
41–46
- unstressed (unaccented)21, 23, 27, 35, 42, 45, 79,
84–85
, 87, 129, 131,
135–137
, 161, 175, 236, 239, 253,
258–259
, 260, 302,
325–329
, 389,
403–408
, 423, 442, 468, 476, 484, 510
V
- verb, verbal49, 70, 73, 78, 81, 97, 109, 135, 158, 214, 216, 221, 327, 328, 331, 376, 433
-
Vespasian Psalter
3, 75, 132, 172, 183, 187, 207, 211, 219, 235
- vocalic declension (class)19, 68, 80, 82, 85, 119, 120, 174, 176, 230, 238, 289, 349, 383, 390, 458, 463, 469, 486, 515
- vocative28, 79, 88, 103, 491
- vowel alternation19, 26, 33, 57, 58, 71, 86, 180, 246, 259, 292, 294, 366, 375, 415, 420, 423, 462, 496, 503, 505
- vowel harmony136, 166, 190, 202, 258, 345, 404
W
-
Wachtendonck Psalms
9, 66, 393, 394, 397, 398, 399, 404, 405, 406, 407, 411, 412, 414, 415, 417, 419, 422, 423, 424, 429, 433, 439, 440, 441,
442–443
, 444, 465, 477
- weak inflectionSee
-stemsn
- Westphalian
317–318
, 319, 326, 351, 398
- West Saxon9, 66, 132, 139, 143, 156, 157, 166, 167, 169, 171, 172, 187, 199, 202, 208, 209, 210, 213, 225, 236, 312, 431
- Early West Saxon139, 143, 148, 151, 169, 196
- Late West Saxon
2–3
,
132–133
, 136, 170, 171, 172, 181, 187, 189, 191, 194, 195, 197, 203, 211, 214, 235
- word-based inflection22, 210, 238, 299, 451, 471, 474, 476, 477
Z
- zero marking18, 39,
53–56
, 299, 438, 462, 487, 502