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Part of
Widening Contexts for Processability Theory: Theories and issues
Edited by Anke Lenzing, Howard Nicholas and Jana Roos
[
Processability Approaches to Language Acquisition Research & Teaching
7] 2019
► pp.
399
–
404
◄
previous
Terms index
A
Aboriginal English (AE)
349–354, 357, 359, 364–365, 368
accuracy
3, 10–11, 38, 40, 51, 54, 69, 75, 81, 86, 88, 91, 113, 118–119, 121, 123, 146, 150, 163, 187–188, 234, 257, 267, 283–284, 293, 301, 304, 306, 311–317, 320–322, 329, 333, 358, 372, 377–388, 391, 395
measure
377, 380–381, 383–384, 386–388
rate
304, 306, 312, 320, 329, 333, 356, 380–381, 386–38
acquisition
criterion
3, 9–11, 38, 73, 75, 79, 81–82, 87–88, 91–92, 96, 98, 381, 383
process
1, 4, 22–23, 161, 168, 175, 182, 267, 285–287, 296, 366, 391, 394
spectrum
92
additional language
1, 104, 155–156, 160, 168, 178, 181, 289, 366, 391, 395
amalgam
259, 264, 267–268, 270–273, 275–276, 279
construction
See amalgam
argument structure (a-structure)
16–17, 21–22, 25, 38, 110, 137, 211, 236, 245, 247–249, 307
assignment
22, 27, 103, 105–106, 108–116, 121–122, 124, 126–127, 140–141, 145–146, 198–199, 204, 246, 284, 318–319
1–2, 155–156, 185–188, 191, 193, 198, 204–206, 393
Australian Aboriginal
people
350
students
352
average data
395
C
c-to-f-mapping
307, 318
cancel inversion
238–240, 242, 252
capacity
6, 40, 50, 73, 78, 160, 162, 187, 198, 207, 216–217, 224–225, 227, 250, 262, 285, 293, 342, 352, 364, 391–392, 394, 396–397
case
1, 103–116, 118–129, 132–133, 136, 138, 140, 143, 145–146, 150–153, 170, 248, 301–302, 304, 306–308, 310–324, 326, 337, 391
category procedure
76, 125, 127, 139, 262–263, 268, 269, 277, 307, 318, 378
child ESL
255, 279, 368
Chinese (Mandarin)
2, 48, 53, 103, 156, 159, 182, 207–211, 213–215, 217–218, 222, 224–229, 257, 303–304, 322, 325, 327, 333–334, 338–339, 341–342, 347
CLA
Communicative Language Ability
clitic
132–133, 138, 141, 147–148, 150–153, 304
pronoun
See clitic
coefficient
of reproducibility
30, 38, 69, 91–95
of scalability
30, 38, 57, 63, 69–70, 92, 95
cognitive interactionist
approach to SLA
327, 329, 354
(SLA) theory
See cognitive interactionist approach to SLA
cognitive skill theory
330
communicative
act
158–159, 163–169, 175, 177–179, 181
behaviour
9, 163, 250
competence
284, 287, 347, 369, 371, 375, 390
features
164, 168–169, 172, 180, 284
language ability (CLA)
371–373, 375–376, 378, 385–386, 388
language testing
373
repertoire
2, 155, 157–158, 161, 163–164, 168, 179, 181, 394, 396
comprehension
1, 6, 9–11, 13–15, 18–29, 31, 38–48, 50–54, 65, 69–71, 73–74, 76–80, 82, 98, 100–101, 231, 256, 275, 281, 376, 391, 393–394
configurational
105, 108, 114–116, 122, 124, 126–127, 131, 135
constituent structure (c-structure )
16–17, 21–22, 24–25, 108–109, 133, 135–136, 138, 215–216, 227, 236–237, 241, 245, 247–249, 262, 264, 307
constraint
5, 6–7, 9, 14–17, 20–21, 38, 44, 46, 103, 129, 135, 158, 161, 168–169, 180, 183, 207, 226–227, 237, 253, 260, 281, 285–286, 299, 301–302, 306, 308, 311, 315–317, 320–321, 325, 328, 346, 366, 368, 390, 398
on acquisition
285
control
See gaining control
conversational interaction
324, 344–346, 355, 368
corrective feedback
287, 296, 299, 305, 322, 327, 344–347, 353, 355, 360, 364–366
correlation
40–42, 51, 354, 357–358, 360, 362–364, 371, 373, 375, 378, 385–387
analysis
42, 378, 385
correlational
See correlation
D
decoding
See grammatical decoding
definiteness
194, 197, 209
developmental
readiness
5, 284–287, 289, 297, 299–300, 313, 315, 320, 323, 325, 347, 349, 372, 388
sequence(s)
1–5, 7, 36, 42–43, 47, 111–112, 126, 146, 151, 157, 161, 169, 172, 183, 231, 256, 265–266, 281, 283, 285, 302, 306–307, 323–324, 327–329, 331, 341, 343, 398
stage(s)
6, 9, 29, 31, 34, 44, 70–71, 73–76, 88, 99, 118, 126, 128, 139, 150, 156–157, 162, 179, 180, 182, 251, 255, 263, 266, 268, 283, 286–288, 291, 298, 301–302, 304, 306, 318, 322, 324, 337, 346, 349, 356, 360, 372–373, 375, 386, 388–389, 398
stages for English morphology
263
trailer
322
developmentally moderated
approach to language teaching
287, 297
focus on form
286, 288–289, 291, 296–297
instruction
322
deviation
29, 30, 185–186, 190, 194, 199, 201–202, 205, 248, 304
dialectal variation
190
dimension
10, 160, 162, 164–168, 175–177, 396
discourse function
133–134, 155, 236, 304
discourse-pragmatic
113, 131–132, 140–141, 150–151, 207–208, 210–212, 213–214, 218, 220, 226–227
features
103, 226–227
discourse-related features
394
distributional analysis
31–33, 36, 39, 266, 291, 321, 392
dominant language
177, 185–186, 188–189, 193, 204–205
E
EFL classroom
285–286, 289, 291, 299
element (Multiplicity)
164–168, 175–177
elicited imitation task
301, 311
emergence
2–4, 9–10, 31, 34, 38, 40, 65, 73, 75–76, 78–82, 86–88, 97–99, 105, 112–113, 118–121, 123, 126–127, 129, 142, 159–160, 171, 179–180, 187, 208, 214–217, 219, 224, 226–227, 229, 243, 256–257, 266–267, 275, 277–279, 282–284, 291, 293, 301, 312–313, 317–318, 320–322, 325, 328–329, 331, 337, 346, 372, 377–378, 380–381, 386, 388, 391–398
criterion
3–4, 31, 34, 40, 79–80, 82, 86–88, 98–99, 118, 121, 129, 142, 160, 187, 257, 267, 282–284, 291, 301, 312, 317, 325, 328–329, 331, 337, 377–378, 380–381, 386, 388, 392–394
emergentist approach
256, 258–259, 264–265, 272, 278–280
enact
28, 310
enactment task
82
English as a second language
23, 46–49, 51, 53, 57–58, 60–67, 70, 76, 79, 81–83, 98–99, 253, 255, 257, 265, 278–282, 299, 324, 344, 346, 351, 368
English question formation
284, 322, 327–328, 330–333, 343
ESL
See English as a second language
event probability
13, 20–21, 23, 26, 28, 40, 43
existential
159, 164–165, 169–176, 178–179, 182–183
structure
See existential
explicit
instruction
290, 302, 308–309, 322–323, 342
information
310
extended Hypothesis Space
See Hypothesis Space
F
feature
2–5, 9–10, 14, 16–18, 20, 24–26, 29, 31, 33–36, 38, 46, 48, 55, 73, 76, 78–79, 82–84, 87–88, 92–93, 97, 103, 106, 108, 114, 118, 126–127, 132–134, 155–157, 159–161, 163–181, 186–188, 190–194, 196–197, 199, 201, 203–205, 207–210, 214, 217–218, 220, 226–227, 232, 234, 236–237, 239–243, 248, 250–252, 258, 262, 266, 278, 283–292, 294, 296–297, 299, 302–305, 312, 322–323, 325, 337, 341–343, 251, 360, 364, 366, 372–374, 377, 391–394, 398
unification
6, 17, 20, 24–26, 78–79, 82, 84, 132, 239–243, 251, 262, 304
feedback
1–2, 183, 284, 287, 296, 299, 305, 310, 322, 327, 329–333, 335–336, 343–347, 349, 351, 353, 355, 359–360, 364–366, 368, 396
finite relative clause
251
focus (grammatical function)
103, 128, 133–135, 137, 143, 145, 147–149, 152–153, 163, 168, 209, 236, 297
focus on form
286–291, 296–299, 301–302, 304–305, 320, 324–325, 345, 347
form-focused
281, 284, 286, 288–289, 291, 298, 300, 324, 332–333, 342, 344–345, 347
formulae
78, 395
formulaic
3, 76, 139, 142, 160, 265, 267, 273, 291–292, 302, 337–338
frequency
55, 70, 123, 156, 160, 191, 234, 272, 275–276, 279, 284, 304–305, 327, 329, 331, 333, 338, 341, 351, 358, 360, 364, 379, 386, 390
functional
16, 111, 114, 132, 136–138, 140–141, 145–146, 150, 220, 229, 237, 281, 314, 319–321
case marking
111, 113–314, 116, 119, 126–127, 306–308, 310–314, 316–321, 323
structure (f-structure)
16–17, 22, 25, 109, 133, 136–139, 215–217, 231, 236–237, 240–241, 244–249, 262–263, 307
G
gaining control
169, 172, 179, 262, 294, 297, 342, 392, 395–398
German
3–6, 13–14, 50–52, 70, 81, 101, 103, 105, 110–112, 116–117, 126, 128–129, 142, 160, 163, 169, 181, 183, 190, 205–206, 215, 285–286, 289–290, 298, 301–302, 304, 306–309, 312, 320–321, 323–324, 332, 377, 394, 398
grammar decoding
See grammatical decoding
grammatical
1, 5–6, 10, 13–20, 22, 24–27, 38, 43–46, 48, 50–59, 65, 68–71, 73, 77–84, 86–90, 95–98, 100–101, 103–106, 108–109, 112, 114–115, 122, 126–128, 131, 133–134, 137, 148, 151–152, 159, 161–163, 170, 173–174, 181, 185–187, 191, 194, 199, 204, 206–209, 212–214, 218, 220–222, 224, 226–227, 229, 231–237, 241, 244–247, 249–253, 257–262, 267, 275, 280–281, 284–286, 289–290, 295, 297, 304, 307, 309, 311, 318–319, 323–324, 344, 347, 364, 368, 371–375, 385–386, 388–390, 394, 398
assessment
372
coder
19
competence
371–373
decoding
1, 10, 13–15, 18–20, 24, 43, 46, 73–79, 82, 97–98, 100–101, 364
encoding
1, 10, 13–15, 18–19, 24, 43, 46, 100–101, 133–134
function
16–17, 22, 25, 38, 106, 127, 131, 137, 218, 220, 222, 224, 227, 231–237, 241, 244–247, 304, 307, 318–319, 394
memory store
231, 249–252
object
See object
sensitivity
53, 55–56, 59, 69, 71
group data
395
H
head noun phrase
231, 233, 252
headless
267, 270–271, 273–274
heritage
language
1, 105, 113, 185–187, 193, 205–206
speaker
128, 185–188, 190, 195
Hypothesis Space
6, 155, 157–159, 162–164, 166–168, 175, 178–181, 396–397
I
implicational
order
41, 50–52, 385
table
40, 49, 51, 53, 57–58, 62–64, 68–69
sequence
See implicational order
scale
29–30, 34, 38, 47, 56, 71, 81, 88–90, 92–97, 378, 380, 386
scaling
4, 29, 31, 40, 46–47, 49, 56, 58, 88, 98, 383
incomplete acquisition
156, 185–188, 191, 193, 204–206
infinitive relative construction
259
information structure
133, 135, 145, 152–153, 168, 206
information structure theory
207–210, 212–213, 220, 222, 226–228
input flooding
304–305
instruction
1, 5, 23, 26, 47–48, 83, 117, 253, 257, 265, 280–281, 283, 285–291, 293–294, 297–305, 308–309, 312, 314–316, 318–325, 329, 331, 334, 342–347, 350, 364, 372, 376
instructional
approach
365, 369
activities
286
context
283–284, 392
design
286
setting
5, 257, 332, 347
intervention
293, 393, 396
hours
215–16
focus
284, 286, 343
process
289
treatment
301, 305, 309, 319, 335
counterbalance
345
integrated encoding-decoding model
6, 13–15, 18–20, 42–43, 46
interaction
2, 13, 45, 157–160, 163, 167, 169, 178, 285–291, 294–299, 324, 327–331, 335, 338, 341, 344–346, 349, 351, 353, 355, 359–360, 362, 364–365, 367–368
Interaction Hypothesis
329, 351, 355
interactionist perspective >
158, 182
see also
cognitive interactionist
interactional
treatment
331
moves
336
interlanguage
3–4, 6, 9, 78, 88, 108, 118, 142, 155, 163, 183, 228–229, 232, 238–239, 243, 247, 267, 280, 287, 294, 297, 304, 341–342, 351, 364, 369, 393–394
system
1, 167, 284, 288, 393
intra-stage
69, 105–106, 118, 151
Italian
2, 70, 103, 116–117, 131–142, 145–153, 160, 280, 302, 304, 308, 325, 377
K
koineisation
190, 192
L
language
attrition
See attrition
loss
187
profile
188, 334
shift see shift
use
155–156, 167, 186, 189, 193, 204, 208, 258, 344, 376, 386
learnability
45, 254, 288, 298
lexical
4, 6, 13, 16–17, 21, 26–27, 31, 36, 44–45, 73, 76–78, 101, 103, 105, 108–112, 114–116, 121–122, 124, 126–127, 135, 140, 142, 146–148, 150, 152–153, 170, 180, 186, 190, 194, 219, 222, 239, 248–249, 253, 256, 258, 262, 267, 272, 276–279, 291, 307, 322, 324, 337, 352
Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG)
6, 14–18, 20, 23–24, 104, 108, 128, 132–133, 136, 139, 145, 152–153, 157, 161, 213, 231–236, 240–241, 244, 248, 252–253, 255, 261–263, 280–281, 323, 394, 397
lexical mapping hypothesis
106, 135, 245, 248, 255, 307
lexical semantics
13, 20–22, 28
linear mapping
22, 231, 244–245, 248–249, 307
literacy
1–2, 47, 284, 349–350, 352–354, 357–360, 362–370, 393
level
284, 349, 352–354, 357–358, 362–364, 366–367, 369
longitudinal
study
99, 112, 207–208, 251, 255–257, 264, 272, 275–276, 278–279, 306
approach
81
data
111, 151, 156, 214, 256–257, 258, 265–266, 271, 273
evidence
255
low level literacy learners
349
L2 English
See English as a second language
M
mapping
15–17, 20–22, 24–26, 35–38, 41–43, 45, 48, 77, 111–112, 115, 135, 211, 213, 215–216, 231–235, 241–249, 252, 255, 305, 307, 318–319, 394
marking
35, 37, 51, 76, 79, 103, 105–108, 111–113, 116, 118–119, 121, 124–126, 128, 131–132, 135, 138, 143–146, 151, 153, 174, 192, 194, 196, 198, 201, 241, 263, 267, 272, 277, 301, 306–308, 310–312, 314, 316–323
mastery
98, 118, 123, 187–188, 283–284, 301, 304–305, 308, 312, 315–316, 320–322, 372, 377, 380–381, 383, 386–388, 391–393, 395, 397
criterion
2, 88
matrix clause
231, 233, 235, 238, 241, 244, 246, 249–250, 252, 257–258, 260–261, 263, 272, 274, 276–279
morphology
2, 4, 9, 25–26, 35–37, 41–42, 52, 54, 69, 76–77, 79, 82, 97–99, 112–113, 128, 131–132, 139–140, 151, 155, 183, 185, 193–194, 204–206, 256, 262–264, 266, 268, 303, 322–323, 338, 350, 360–362, 364, 366, 370, 372, 374
morpho-syntactic
features
10, 34, 103, 157, 159, 161, 163, 169, 178, 180, 394
level
355, 358, 360–361
processing
10, 24, 35–38, 41–43, 394, 397
structures
27, 75, 169, 178–180, 199, 204
morpho-syntax
131, 155, 158, 160–161, 163, 168–169, 394, 398
moving-window paradigm
54
Multidimensional Model (MM)
2–5, 160–162, 396
multi-facetted
feature
391, 394
structure
394, 396
Multiple Constraints Hypothesis (MCH)
6, 14–18, 20, 22, 25, 38, 43, 46, 253
multiplicity
157–159, 163–164, 166–169, 172, 175, 178, 180–181, 397
framework
155, 157–159, 164–165, 174–175, 178
N
next + 1
298, 303, 319, 323
Niuean (English)
170–177, 179, 183
non-linear argument-function mapping
21, 24–26, 35–38, 41–43
non-linear mapping
22, 25–26, 231, 244–245, 247–249, 255, 307, 394
non-reversible passive
22–23, 26, 28, 40, 42
Norwegian (in America)
2, 185–200, 202–206
noticing
47, 284, 329, 346, 349, 351, 359–360, 363, 365–366, 368, 397
Noticing Hypothesis
288, 351–352, 359
Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy (NPAH)
232, 234–235, 252–253, 256–258, 260–261, 263–264, 268, 273, 275, 278–279
noun phrase agreement
378
O
object
22, 33, 51, 54–55, 58, 66, 111, 128, 155, 158, 165, 207–228, 233–235, 245–246, 250, 256–257, 260–261, 303–304, 306–307, 310, 323, 335–336, 353
opposition
119, 126, 307, 309, 313, 317–318, 321, 326
oral
interview
49–50, 53–54, 64, 66, 388
language development
355, 366
outcome
78–79, 98–99, 135, 145, 262, 283, 286, 343, 364, 372, 393, 395–396
Output Hypothesis
300, 329, 347, 369
P
partial mastery
301, 304–305, 308, 312, 315–316, 320–321
participial relative clause (RC) (construction)
233, 251, 255, 259, 262, 264–265, 267, 270–273, 277–279
passive
1, 10, 13–14, 21–29, 31, 35–43, 45–46, 48, 51, 71, 81–82, 100, 142, 145, 148, 169–170, 210, 248, 305, 321, 391, 394
Perceptual Difficulty Hypothesis
235, 256, 258, 260, 264–265, 275
phrasal procedure
76, 105–106, 114, 116, 119–120, 122–127, 171–172, 262–263, 268, 277, 307, 374
point of emergence
See emergence
positional
115–16, 126, 131, 135–136, 138, 145, 150, 209, 222, 307–308, 313–314, 316, 318–321
prepositional phrase (PP)
105–106, 109, 111–116, 118–120, 122–124, 126–127, 129, 140, 144, 237, 274, 306–308, 311, 318–319, 321, 326
predictive framework
5
pragmatic
competence
375–376, 385–386
features
9, 103, 173, 226–227
preverbal negation
374, 378–380, 382–384
procedural skills hypothesis
50, 52–53, 68–69
processability hierarchy
6, 76, 81, 235, 238–239, 247, 289, 291, 373
Processability Theory
1, 7, 14–15, 44–50, 70–71, 73–75, 99, 101, 104–105, 128–129, 131, 152–153, 157, 181–183, 185, 206–208, 229, 231, 238, 254–255, 258, 262, 280, 282, 285, 298–299, 301–302, 323–325, 327, 346–347, 368, 371–372, 389–390, 398
processing
ability
74, 78, 82, 88, 98, 288
capacity
162, 207, 217, 224, 364
constraints
129, 180, 301–302, 306, 308, 311, 315–317, 320–321, 328, 366
mechanisms
1, 14–15, 24, 74–75, 261, 285
prerequisites
156, 317
principles
133, 150
procedure(s)
3, 6, 20, 24–26, 38, 52, 68, 74, 76–78, 98–99, 132, 151, 162, 207–208, 217–218, 231, 252, 262–263, 308, 312, 394
requirements
208, 227, 244, 251
resources
15, 20
routines
49, 52–53
skills
83, 213, 217, 225–227, 319
strategies
5, 48
pro-drop
119, 140
production
1, 6, 9–11, 13–15, 18, 20–21, 24–27, 29, 31, 35, 38, 40–48, 50–51, 53, 56, 65–66, 68, 70–71, 73–79, 88, 97–98, 100–101, 114–115, 119–123, 127, 133–134, 142, 146, 148, 153, 159, 163, 165–166, 186, 188, 191, 200, 207–208, 213–214, 218, 224–228, 231–232, 234, 240, 255–258, 263–265, 270, 272, 279, 281, 289, 292, 294, 298, 304, 307, 309, 327, 329–331, 333, 335, 337–343, 346–347, 351, 355, 360, 364, 387, 390–394
data
27, 31, 35–36, 38, 40–41, 53, 63, 65, 81, 88, 99, 106, 122, 285, 301, 338
task
49, 68–69, 311, 313, 322
productive
grammar processing
73–75, 98
processes
10, 18, 74
prominence
103, 133–135, 139, 150
Prominence Hypothesis
103, 106, 113, 131–133, 135, 138–140, 143, 146–147, 150–151
prompt
36, 176, 217–218, 284, 322, 327–333, 334–335–337, 338–345, 347, 359
R
ready
283–287; , 292, 296, 301–305; , 312, 314–321; , 323, 327, 358, 372
see also
unready
readiness
5, 283–287, 289, 297, 299–302, 304–306, 308, 311–318, 320, 322–323, 325, 347, 349, 351, 356, 361, 364, 366, 372, 388
recasts
183, 284, 322, 324, 327–333, 335–337, 339–347, 351, 353–360, 362–364, 367–368, 370
reception
11, 48–50, 65, 68, 70–71, 97, 101
receptive
grammar processing
78
processes
18, 49–50
skills
69
data
49, 68
relative clause
1, 155–156, 170, 231–243, 244, 247–249, 251–255, 257–258, 260, 272, 275, 280–282, 379, 394
construction(s)
156, 231, 233, 236, 255, 270, 282
type
244, 260, 274
representation
5, 16–18, 22, 25, 45, 133, 153, 161, 191, 225, 233, 236–237, 241, 244, 249, 258, 281, 314–315, 352–353, 393
reversible passive
22–23, 28
routine
49, 52–53, 290, 395
Russian
2, 103–116, 118, 121–122, 124–129, 131–146, 148, 150–153, 304, 307–308, 323, 325, 377, 391
S
S-procedure
76, 213, 217, 225–226, 242, 262–263, 268–269, 277–279, 374
scalability
30–31, 38, 57, 63, 69–70, 91–92, 95, 380–382, 384–385
second dialect acquisition
350, 365–366, 369
second language acquisition
6–7, 13, 21, 29, 45–48, 70–71, 74, 99–101, 104, 128–129, 152, 156–157, 160–161, 181–183, 185, 187, 205, 207, 226–229, 231, 253–254, 280–282, 286–287, 298–300, 306, 309, 324–325, 327, 344–347, 350, 364, 367–369, 373, 377, 389–391, 398
self-paced reading
10, 40, 48–50, 52–54, 56–57, 68–69, 80, 82, 97–99
semantic
9–10, 13, 16–17, 20–23, 26, 28, 36, 40, 42–43, 46, 73, 77–78, 81, 100, 108–110, 114–115, 122, 126, 137, 141, 159, 170–172, 175, 207, 209–210, 212, 217–218, 229, 236, 372, 397
features
209
semantics
13, 19–22, 28, 100, 110, 118, 129, 152, 212, 224, 226, 253, 280, 350, 394
sentence matching
42, 50, 52
sentence-picture matching
28, 51
sentence procedure (S-Procedure)
119–122, 124–125, 127, 217, 225–226, 242, 262, 263, 268–269, 277–279, 307, 374
sentence topic
207, 209, 213, 215, 218, 220, 229, 325
shallow processing
21, 24, 153
shared grammatical workspace
10, 14–15, 18–19, 43
shift
44, 186, 189, 204
single construct
See unitary construct
skill
10, 79, 213, 225, 330, 363
skills
38, 50, 52–53, 68–69, 75, 79, 83, 131–132, 138, 186, 213, 217, 226–227, 259, 262, 267, 308, 319, 329, 349, 352, 354, 364, 366, 375
strategies approach
4–5
sociolinguistic
29, 160, 174, 179, 182–183
stage-5 questions
327, 333, 337–339, 341–343
stages of question formation
349, 355, 359
Standard Australian English (SAE)
128, 152, 171, 273, 284, 349–353, 356–366
strategic competence
375
structural
choice
207–208, 220, 226
variation
208, 211, 217–218, 225, 267
subject-object hierarchy hypothesis
256
Swedish
2, 103, 166–167, 182–183, 194, 206, 215, 373–374, 376, 385, 387, 389–390
syntactic
position
136
processing
14–15; , 20–21; , 23, 26, 28, 40, 42–43; , 78, 394, 397
see also
morpho-syntactic processing
role
231, 244
syntax
2, 4–6; , 9, 14, 44, 48, 52, 54, 69, 76, 97, 100–101; , 106, 111, 131–133; , 135, 138–139; , 142–143; , 151–152; , 155, 182–183; , 185, 193–194; , 204, 215, 229, 236, 240, 253, 280, 282, 293, 303, 322, 324, 350, 372, 375, 377
see also
morpho-syntax
T
targeted language learning
285
target-like questions (non-target-like)
333, 335 337–338, 340–343
task-based language teaching
286–289, 298–299, 345
teachability (hypothesis)
1, 5, 7, 129, 283, 285, 287–288, 298–299, 301–304, 308–309, 312, 319–321, 323, 325, 329, 346, 366, 372, 388, 390, 398
there existential
170–173, 175–176, 178, 182
third (3rd) person (singular) -s
4, 51, 54–55, 58, 65, 69, 83, 160, 171, 263, 277–278, 285–286, 289–299, 322, 332
topic
97, 103, 108, 113, 128, 131–135, 137–138, 150, 152–153, 168, 173, 207–209, 213–224, 226–227, 229, 236–238, 241–246, 250–251, 253, 262, 280, 304, 307, 325
topical(ity)
139, 141, 144, 146, 149–150, 220, 224, 227
topicalisation
133, 142, 145–146, 163, 194, 200, 205, 207–215, 217–221, 224, 226–228, 245, 263, 303–304, 323, 374
topicalise
113, 119, 145, 200, 208, 212, 222, 224, 246, 310, 386
trajectory ,-
1, 3, 76, 98, 118, 132, 146, 155, 157, 167, 170, 172, 178–179, 181, 186, 278279, 284, 308, 395–396
typological
1, 5, 70, 103, 131, 135, 161, 234, 253, 260, 275, 280–281, 308
typologically
2, 6, 103, 113, 125, 146, 232
U
unitary construct
1, 103
see also
multi-facetted feature/structure
unready
303–304; , 312, 315–317; , 319, 320–321; , 323
see also
ready
V
variability
4, 175–176, 358, 364, 388
variation(al)
2–6, 25, 27, 29, 31, 36, 44, 46–48, 71, 101, 103–104, 112, 121, 123–124, 146–148, 151, 155, 157–164, 166–167, 170–172, 174–175, 178–179, 181–183, 186, 188, 190–191, 193, 195–199, 201–202, 204–205, 208, 211–212, 217–218, 225, 267, 291, 322, 337, 344, 364, 367, 379, 391–393, 395, 396–398
verb phrase (VP)
25, 26, 76, 84, 105–106, 109, 111, 113–116, 118–122, 126–127, 129, 136–137, 160, 212, 236, 242–243, 259, 261, 263–264, 268–269, 278
W
word order
4–6, 36, 44–45, 48, 51, 101, 109, 111, 113, 132–135, 138–141, 143, 145–147, 149–153, 160, 181, 198, 206, 209–212, 215–216, 220, 225, 228–229, 245, 298, 302, 304, 307, 318–319, 323–325, 328–329, 337–338, 342, 360, 362, 364, 366, 370, 373–374, 381, 389
world knowledge
21, 394, 397
working memory
231, 235, 249–252, 261
Z
ZISA (project)
3, 160