You Know
A discourse-functional approach
The basic function the expression you know serves in conversational discourse is said to be that of a pragmatic particle used when the speaker wants the addressee to accept as mutual knowledge (or at least be cooperative with respect to) the propositional content of his utterance. The fact that you know is even used when the addressee is assumed not to know what the speaker is talking about, suggests that it functions at the deference level of politeness, as a striving towards attaining a camaraderie relationship between speaker and hearer. You know is found to be more often used by women than by men in spontaneous conversation, and the manner in which it is used is significantly different from male usage. Ontogenetically, the age of four seems to be crucial for initial steps to use and master pragmatic particles including you know. Data for the study were derived from tape-recorded conversations and interviews.
[Pragmatics & Beyond, II:7] 1981. ix, 91 pp.
Publishing status:
© John Benjamins Publishing Company
Table of Contents
-
Preface | p. v
-
0. Aim | p. 1
-
1. Introduction | p. 3
-
1.1. Pragmatics
-
1.2. Face-Saving and Politeness
-
1.3. Implicit Anchorage
-
1.4. Cooperation and Grammar
-
1.5. Planning and Indirectness
-
1.6. Semantics and Pragmatics
-
2. The Present Study | p. 13
-
2.1. Issues to be Covered
-
2.2. Methodology
-
2.3. Data
-
3. The Meaning and Functions of You know | p. 15
-
3.1. Preamble
-
3.2. The General Meaning of You know
-
3.3. You know and Stylistic Strategies
-
3.4. Sub-Functions of You know: “as you know” & “don't you know”
-
3.5. You know as a Turn-Switching Marker
-
3.6. Pauses and You know
-
3.7. You know and Some Other Pragmatic Particles
-
3.8. On the Linguistic Representation of Pragmatic Expressions: The Level Analysis
-
3.9. The Particle Contour
-
3.10. Other Languages
-
4. The Acquisition of You know | p. 45
-
4.1. Pragmatic Expressions and Child Language Acquisition
-
4.2. Egocentricity vs. Sociocentricity
-
4.3. The Segment Know in Early Child Language Acquisition
-
4.4. Speaker-Oriented Know
-
4.5. Listener-Oriented Know
-
4.6. The Acquisition of You know: Summary
-
4.7. On the Acquisition of Some Other Pragmatic Particles
-
4.8. Child Acquisition and Level Analysis
-
5. Socio-Psychological Aspects of You know: Male and Female Usage | p. 67
-
5.1. General Remarks
-
5.2. Social Dialects and You know
-
5.3. Women's Language
-
5.4. Sex Differences in the Use of You know
-
6. Concluding Remark | p. 79
-
Notes | p. 81
-
Cited by (108)
Cited by 108 other publications
Biri, Ylva
2024. Chapter 2. Personal conviction against general knowledge. In Self- and Other-Reference in Social Contexts [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 342], ► pp. 14 ff.
Chen, Si & Lue Huang
Fu, Yanli, Muhammad Afzaal & Dina Abdel Salam El-Dakhs
ITUARTE, AITOR LIZARDI
McMain, Emma
Zhang, Liping
Mokhlos Faisal, Dr. Wafaa
Altıparmak, Ayşe
Altıparmak, Ayşe
2023. A socio-pragmatic analysis of the Turkish discourse markers of ‘şey’, ‘yani’, and ‘işte’ based on educational level of
speakers. Pragmatics and Society 14:6 ► pp. 908 ff.
Chodorowska-Pilch, Marianna
2022. On the polite use of vamos in Peninsular Spanish. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) ► pp. 343 ff.
Fu, Yanli & Victor Ho
Lee-Wong, Song Mei
2022. Face support – Chinese particles as mitigators. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) ► pp. 387 ff.
Li, Chengtuan
2022. A study of linguistic manipulations of activating, seeking and creating common ground in intercultural business communication. Pragmatics and Society 13:2 ► pp. 169 ff.
Lindström, Jan
2022. Interactional linguistics. In Handbook of Pragmatics [Handbook of Pragmatics, ], ► pp. 795 ff.
Nikula, Tarja
2022. Teacher talk reflecting pragmatic awareness. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) ► pp. 447 ff.
PEKAREK DOEHLER, SIMONA & SØREN W. ESKILDSEN
Rendle-Short, Johanna
2022. Showing structure. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) ► pp. 479 ff.
Algouzi, Sami & Krisda Chaemsaithong
ALTIPARMAK, Ayşe
Clayman, Steven E. & Chase Wesley Raymond
Diskin‐Holdaway, Chloé
Hansen, Nat, J.D. Porter & Kathryn Francis
Iza Erviti, Aneider
Riaz, Ammara, Moazzam Ali Malik & Nazia Anwar
Šinkūnienė, Jolanta
2021. Chapter 8. Žinai ‘you know’ in Lithuanian discourse. In Pragmatic Markers and Peripheries [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 325], ► pp. 229 ff.
Darics, Erika
Deppermann, Arnulf & Silke Reineke
2020. Practices of indexing discrepant assumptions with Germanich dachte(‘I thought’) in talk-in-interaction. Functions of Language 27:2 ► pp. 113 ff.
Gao, Yanmei & Guoyan Lyu
Geka, Vassiliki, Sophia Marmaridou & Kiki Nikiforidou
2020. Dialogic constructions and discourse units:. Review of Cognitive Linguistics 18:2 ► pp. 480 ff.
Khandaghi Khameneh, Ashraf & Laleh Fakhraee Faruji
Laury, Ritva, Marja-Liisa Helasvuo & Janica Rauma
2020. Chapter 6. When an expression becomes fixed. In Fixed Expressions [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 315], ► pp. 133 ff.
Orfanò, Bárbara Malveir, Ana Larissa Adorno Marciotto Oliveira & Spencer Barbosa Da Silva
Mulder, Jean, Cara Penry Williams & Erin Moore
Parvaresh, Vahid & Grace Zhang
2019. ‘Sort of’ across languages of the Asia and Oceania regions. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 29:1 ► pp. 2 ff.
Sabet, Peyman G. P.
2019. On the functions of sort of in New Zealand TV programs. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 29:1 ► pp. 33 ff.
Zhang, Grace
2019. The pragmatic use of ‘sort of’ in TV forums. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 29:1 ► pp. 62 ff.
Eskildsen, Søren W. & Numa Markee
2018. Chapter 4. L2 talk as social accomplishment. In Speaking in a Second Language [AILA Applied Linguistics Series, 17], ► pp. 69 ff.
Hudson, Mutsuko Endo
2018. Chapter 8. Ne as an “impoliteness” (“detachment”) marker?. In Pragmatics of Japanese [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 285], ► pp. 197 ff.
Pettersson-Traba, Daniela
Carter, Ronald & Michael McCarthy
Chang, Miao-Hsia & Shu-Kai Hsieh
2017. A corpus-based study of the recurrent lexical bundleka li kong‘let (me) tell you’ in Taiwanese Southern Min conversations. Chinese Language and Discourse. An International and Interdisciplinary Journal 8:2 ► pp. 174 ff.
Jiang, Zhanhao & Yuan Tao
Magnifico, Cédric & Bart Defrancq
2017. Hedges in conference interpreting. Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 19:1 ► pp. 21 ff.
Sakita, Tomoko I.
Wang, Ying
2017. Lexical bundles in spoken academic ELF. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 22:2 ► pp. 187 ff.
Marra, Meredith & Janet Holmes
Eide, Kristin Melum & Arnstein Hjelde
2015. Borrowing Modal Elements into American Norwegian. In Germanic Heritage Languages in North America [Studies in Language Variation, 18], ► pp. 256 ff.
Hiss, Florian
Maschler, Yael & Deborah Schiffrin
Palma-Fahey, María
2015. “Yeah well, probably, you know I wasn’t that big into school, you know”. In Pragmatic Markers in Irish English [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 258], ► pp. 348 ff.
Pęzik, Piotr
2015. Using n-gram independence to identify discourse-functional lexical units in spoken learner corpus data. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 1:2 ► pp. 242 ff.
Soltic, Jorie
2015. Parenthetical “I say (you)” in Late Medieval Greek vernacular. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 16:2 ► pp. 187 ff.
Tsai, Pei-Shu & Wo-Hsin Chu
Wilson, John & Heather Walker
2015. Pragmatic markers as implicit emotive anchoring. In Pragmatic Markers in Irish English [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 258], ► pp. 248 ff.
Zheng, Qun
House, Juliane
HOUSE, Juliane
Pietrandrea, Paola, Sylvain Kahane, Anne Lacheret-Dujour & Frédéric Sabio
2014. The notion of sentence and other discourse units in corpus annotation. In Spoken Corpora and Linguistic Studies [Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 61], ► pp. 331 ff.
Szczyrbak, Magdalena
Casteele, An Vande & Kim Collewaert
Kim, Hye Ri Stephanie
Kloetzl, Svitlana
Lin, Yen-Liang
Lin, Yen-Liang
2022. Discourse marking in spoken intercultural communication between British and Taiwanese adolescent learners. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) ► pp. 221 ff.
Thøgersen, Jacob
Fox Tree, Jean E.
Kidwell, Mardi & Esther González Martínez
Aijmer, Karin & Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen
Said-Mohand, Aixa
SCHLEEF, ERIK
Park, Jung‐ran
Roth‐Gordon, Jennifer
Lindström, Jan K.
Mauranen, Anna
Schiffrin, Deborah
Helasvuo, Marja-Liisa
Helasvuo, Marja-Liisa
2015. Searching for motivations for grammatical patternings. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) ► pp. 453 ff.
Helasvuo, Marja-Liisa
Wee, Lionel
Fuller, Janet M.
Fuller, Janet M.
Lenk, Uta
Foolen, Ad
Ono, Tsuyoshi & Sandra A. Thompson
Östman, Jan-Ola & Tuija Virtanen
Östman, Jan-Ola & Tuija Virtanen
Östman, Jan-Ola & Tuija Virtanen
2022. Text and discourse linguistics. In Handbook of Pragmatics [Handbook of Pragmatics, ], ► pp. 1376 ff.
Maschler, Yael
Maschler, Yael
Meyerhoff, Miriam
Erman, Britt
Furrow, David & Chris Moore
Dubois, Betty Lou
Holmes, Janet
Holmes, Janet
Holmes, Janet
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 20 september 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
Subjects
Main BIC Subject
CF: Linguistics
Main BISAC Subject
LAN009000: LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / General