The way the complexities of fictional dialogue are creatively exploited in a play,
a film or a novel can reveal much about the management of ordinary conversation.
Although it is evident that fictional dialogue and naturally occurring conversation
are different types of communication, it is no less true that fictional
representations of dialogue and narratives creatively exploit linguistic features
which may be characteristic of spoken language. This chapter discusses how discourse
markers such as like and roysh, and quotative patterns such as be + like,
go, and be + there are employed in the work of Irish author Paul Howard in
order to recreate contemporary Dublin English.
2006Introducing Electronic Text Analysis: A Practical Guide for Language and Literary Studies. London: Routledge.
Amador-Moreno, Carolina P
2005 “Discourse Markers in Irish English: An Example from Literature.” In The Pragmatics of Irish English, ed. by Anne Barron, and Klaus P. Schneider, 73–100. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Amador-Moreno, Carolina P
2010An Introduction to Irish English. London: Equinox.
Amador-Moreno, Carolina P
2012 “A Corpus-Based Approach to Contemporary Irish Writing: Ross O’Carroll-Kelly’s Use of Like as a Discourse Marker.” A New Approach to Literature: Corpus Linguistics. International Journal of English Studies 12 (2): 19–38.
Amador-Moreno, Carolina P., and Kevin McCafferty
(eds)2011 “Fictionalising Orality”. Special Issue, Sociolinguistic Studies 5 (1): 1–13.
2005 “Quotative Use in American English: A Corpus-Based, Cross-Register Comparison.” Journal of English Linguistics 33 (3): 222–256.
Bartley, James Orr
1954Teague, Shenkin and Sawney: Being a Historical Study of the Earliest Irish, Welsh and Scottish Characters in English Plays. Cork: Cork University Press.
Biber, Douglas, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey Leech, Susan Conrad, and Edward Finegan
1999Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Pearson.
Bliss, Alan J
1979Spoken English in Ireland 1600–1740. Dublin: Dolmen Press.
Britain, David
2010 “Grammatical Variation in the Contemporary Spoken English of England.” In The Routledge Handbook of World Englishes, ed. by Andy Kirkpatrick, 37–58. Abingdon: Routledge.
Buchstaller, Isabelle
2006 “Diagnostics of Age-Graded Linguistic Behaviour: The Case of the Quotative System.” Sociolinguistics 10 (1): 3–30.
Buchstaller, Isabelle, and Alexandra D’Arcy
2009 “Localized Globalization: A Multi-local, Multivariate Investigation of ‘Be Like’.” Journal of Sociolinguistics 13: 291–331.
Carter, Ronald A., and Michael McCarthy
2006Cambridge Grammar of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cukor-Avila, Patricia
2002 “She Say, She Go, She Be Like: Verbs of Quotation over Time in African American Vernacular English.” American Speech 77 (1): 3–31.
2013 “Integration and Identity: Acquisition of Irish-English by Polish and Chinese Migrants in Dublin, Ireland.” Newcastle University Working Papers in Linguistics, 67–89.
Duggan, George Chester
1937The Stage Irishman: A History of the Irish Play and Stage Characters from the Earliest Times. Dublin: Talbot Press.
Ellis, Michael
1994 “Dialect as Linguistic Evidence: Subject-Verb Concord in Nineteenth Century Southern literature.” American Speech 69 (2): 128–144.
Ferrara, Kathleen, and Barbara Bell
1995 “Sociolinguistic Variation and Discourse Function of Constructed Dialogue Introducers: The Case of Be Like.” American Speech 70: 265–289.
Ferris, Suzanne, and Mallory Young
(eds)2006Chick Lit. The New Woman’s Fiction. New York and London: Routledge.
Georgakopoulou, Alexandra
2010 “Narrative Analysis.” In The Sage Handbook of Sociolinguistics, ed. by Ruth Wodak, Barbara Johnstone and Paul Kerswill, 396–411. London: Sage.
González, Montserrat
2012 “Pragmatic Markers in Translation.” In The Translation of Fictive Dialogue, ed. by Jenny Brumme and Anna Espunya, 215–230. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Gorman, Clare
‘No Border Is Guaranteed, Inside or Out’: A Reading of the Speech/Writing Opposition within Paul Howard, a.k.a Ross O’Carroll-Kelly’s Fictional Series.” Otherness: Essays and Studies 3.2. [URL], 10/06/2013.
Hickey, Raymond
2003 “How and Why Supraregional Varieties Arise.” In Insights into Late Modern English, ed. by M. Dossena and Ch. Jones, 351–73. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
1981In Vain I Tried to Tell You: Essays in Native American Ethnopoetics. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Ives, Summer
1950 “A Theory of Literary Dialect.” Tulane Studies in English 2: 137–182.
Johnstone, Barbara
2001 “Discourse Analysis and Narrative.” In Handbook of Discourse Analysis, ed. by D. Schiffrin, D. Tannen and H. Hamilton, 635–649. Malden, Mass: Blackwell.
Kallen, Jeffrey L
2006 “Arrah, Like, You Know: The Dynamics of Discourse Marking in ICE-Ireland.” Plenary paper presented at the Sociolinguistics Symposium 16, University of Limerick, 6–8 July 2006.
Labov, William
1972Language in the Inner City. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Labov, William
2013The Language of Life and Death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Labov, William, and Joshua Waletzky
1967/1997 “Narrative Analysis: Oral Versions of Personal Experience”. In Essays on the Verbal and Visual Arts, ed. by J. Helm, 12–44. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Leersen, Joep
1996Mere Irish and Fíor-Ghael. Studies in the Idea of Irish Nationality, Its Development and Literary Expression Prior to the Nineteenth Century. Cork: Cork University Press.
Louw, Bill
1997 “The Role of Corpora in Critical Literary Appreciation.” In Teaching and Language Corpora, ed. by Anne Wichmann, Steven Fligelstone, Tony McEnery and Gerry Knowles, 240–51. London: Longman.
Macaulay, Ronald
2001 “You’re Like ‘Why Not?’ The Quotative Expressions of Glasgow Adolescents.” Journal of Sociolinguistics, 5 (1): 3–21.
Montoro, Rocío
2012Chick Lit. The Stylistics of Capuccino Fiction. London: Continuum.
1977Toward a Speech Act Theory of Literary Discourse. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Romaine, Suzanne, and Deborah Lange
1991 “The Use of Like as a Marker of Reported Speech and Thought: A Case of Grammaticalization in Progress.” American Speech 66: 227–279.
Scott, Mike
1999WordSmith Tools, version 3. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Scott, Mike
2013WordSmith Tools, version 6. Liverpool: Lexical Analysis Software.
Short, Michael, Elena Semino, and Martin Wynne
2002 “Revisiting the Notion of Faithfulness in Discourse Report/(Re)presentation Using a Corpus Approach.” Language and Literature 11 (4): 325–355.
Stahl, Sandra Kay D
1979 “Style in Oral and Written Narratives.” Southern Folklore Quarterly 43: 39–62.
Taavitsainen, Irma, and Gunnel Melchers
2000 “Writing in Nonstandard English: Introduction.” In Writing in Nonstandard English, ed. by Irma Taavitsainen, Gunnel Melchers and Paivi Pahta, 1–26. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Tagliamonte, Sali A., and Alexandra. D’Arcy
2004 “He’s Like, She’s Like: The Quotative System in Canadian Youth.” Journal of Sociolinguistics 8 (4): 493–514.
Tagliamonte, Sali A., and Rachel Hudson
1999 “Be Like, et al. Beyond America: The Quotative System in British and Canadian Youth.” Journal of Sociolinguistics 3 (2): 147–172.
Tan, Angela
2010 “Right in Singapore English.” World Englishes 29 (2): 234–256.
Tannen, Deborah
1982 “Oral and Literate Strategies in Spoken and Written Narratives.” Language 58 (1): 1–21.
Tannen, Deborah
2007Talking Voices. Repetition, Dialogue and Imagery in Conversational Discourse. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Vaughan, Elaine, and Brian Clancy
2013 “Small Corpora and Pragmatics.” In Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics 2013: New Domains and Methodologies, ed. by Jesús Romero-Trillo, 53–73. Berlin: Springer.
Walshe, Shane
2012 “ ‘Normal People Like Us Don’t Use That Type of Language. Remember This Is the Real World’. The Language of Father Ted: Representations of Irish English in a Fictional World.” Sociolinguistic Studies 5 (1): 127–148.
Walshe, Shane
2009Irish English as Represented in Film. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Cited by
Cited by 4 other publications
AMADOR-MORENO, CAROLINA P. & ANA MARÍA TERRAZAS-CALERO
2017. Encapsulating Irish English in literature. World Englishes 36:2 ► pp. 254 ff.
Ní Mhurchú, Aoife
2018. What’s Left to Say About Irish English Progressives? “I’m Not Going Having Any Conversation with You”. Corpus Pragmatics 2:3 ► pp. 289 ff.
2017. The language of Irish films. World Englishes 36:2 ► pp. 283 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 12 may 2023. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.