Cover not available
Part of
Advances in Swearing Research: New languages and new contexts
Edited by Kristy Beers Fägersten and Karyn Stapleton
[Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 282] 2017
► pp. 137–156

Chapter 6
Gender and age differences in swearing

A corpus study of Twitter

| Université Lumière Lyon 2
| Université Lumière Lyon 2
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Theoretical framework
  • 3.Corpus building
    • 3.1Inferring gender
    • 3.2Inferring age
  • 4.Results
  • 5.Conclusion
  • Note
  • References
Published online: 19 October 2017
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.282.07gau
References
Baker, Paul
2014 Using Corpora to Analyze Gender. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.Google Scholar
Baruch, Yehuda, and Stuart Jenkins
2007 “Swearing at Work and Permissive Leadership Culture: When Anti-Social Becomes Social and Incivility is Acceptable.” Leadership & Organisation Development Journal 28 (6): 492–507. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Beers Fägersten, Kristy
2012 Who’s Swearing Now? The Social Aspects of Conversational Swearing. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.Google Scholar
Brezina, Vaclav, and Miriam Meyerhoff
2014 “Significant or Random? A Critical Review of Sociolinguistic Generalisations Based on Large Corpora.” International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 19 (1): 1–28. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Brezina, Vaclav, Tony Mcenery, and Stephen Wattam
2015 “Collocations in Context. A New Perspective on Collocation Networks.” International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 20 (2): 139–173. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Coates, Jennifer
2004 Women, Men and Language: A Sociolinguistic Account of Gender Differences in Language. Edinburgh: Pearson.Google Scholar
Gauthier, Michael, Adrien Guille, A. Deseille, and Fabien Rico
2015 “Text Mining and Twitter to Analyze British Swearing Habits.” Handbook of Twitter for Research. Lyon: Emlyon Press.Google Scholar
Hammons, James
2012 WGAF: Swearing, Social Structure and Solidarity in an Online Community. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Ball State University, Indiana.Google Scholar
Harris, Roy
1990 “Lars Porsena Revisited.” The State of the Language: 411–421.Google Scholar
Herring, Susan
2003 “Gender and Power in Online Communication”. In The Handbook of Language and Gender, ed. by Janet Holmes and Miriam Meyerhoff, 202–228. Oxford: Blackwell. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hughes, Geoffrey
2006 An Encyclopedia of Swearing: The Social History of Oaths, Profanity, Foul Language, and Ethnic Slurs in the English-Speaking World. London: ME Sharpe.Google Scholar
Hughes, Susan
1992 “Expletives of Lower Working-Class Women.” Language in Society 21 (2): 291–303. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ladegaard, Hans
2004 “Politeness in Young Children’s Speech: Context, Peer Group Influence and Pragmatic Competence.” Journal of Pragmatics 36: 2003–2022. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lakoff, Robin
2004 Language and Woman’s Place. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
McEnery, Tony
2004 Swearing in English: Bad Language, Purity and Power from 1586 to the Present. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Murray, Thomas
2012 “Swearing as a Function of Gender in the Language of Midwestern American College Students.” In A Cultural Approach to Interpersonal Communication: Essential Readings, ed. by Leila Monaghan, Jane E. Goodman, and Jennifer Meta Robinson, 233–241. Hoboken: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Oakes, Michael
1998 Statistics for Corpus Linguistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Phillips, Martin
1989 Lexical Structure of Text [Discourse Analysis Monograph 12]. Birmingham, UK: University Of Birmingham.Google Scholar
Risch, Barbara
1987 “Women’s Derogatory Terms for Men: That’s Right, ‘Dirty’ Words.” Language in Society 16 (3): 353–358. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sloan, Luke, Jeffrey Morgan, William Housley, Matthew Williams, Adam Edwards, Pete Burnap, and Omer Rana
2013 “Knowing the Tweeters: Deriving Sociologically Relevant Demographics from Twitter.” Sociological Research Online 18 (3): 7. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Smith, Aaron, and Joanna Brewer
2012 Twitter Use 2012. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.Google Scholar
Stapleton, Karyn
2003 “Gender and Swearing: A Community Practice.” Women and Language 26 (2): 22–33.Google Scholar
2010 “Swearing.” Interpersonal Pragmatics: 289–305.Google Scholar
Thelwall, Mike
2008 “Fk Yea I Swear: Cursing and Gender in a Corpus of Myspace Pages.” Corpora 3 (1): 83–107. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wang, Wenbo, Lu Chen, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, and Amit P. Sheth
2014 “Cursing in English on Twitter.” Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing: 415–425.
Cited by

Cited by 5 other publications

Coats, Steven
2021. ‘Bad language’ in the Nordics: profanity and gender in a social media corpus. Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 53:1 ► pp. 22 ff. DOI logo
Gauthier, Michael
2021. ‘Eww wtf, what a dumb bitch’: a case study of similitudes inside gender-specific swearing patterns on Twitter. Corpora 16:1 ► pp. 31 ff. DOI logo
Mohammadi, Ariana N.
2022. Swearing in a second language: the role of emotions and perceptions. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 43:7 ► pp. 629 ff. DOI logo
Orton, Naomi & Liana De Andrade Biar
2021. Putting gender on the agenda in Rio de Janeiro. Gender and Language 15:4 DOI logo
Perrault, Evan K., Jessie A. Barton, Grace M. Hildenbrand, Seth P. McCullock, Daeun G. Lee & Prince Adu Gyamfi
2022. When Doctors Swear, Do Patients Care? Two Experiments Examining Physicians Cursing in the Presence of Patients. Health Communication 37:6 ► pp. 739 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 6 may 2023. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.