Chapter 5
Results
Refusals
In this chapter, the present findings regarding pragmatic transfer in email refusals are presented and discussed. As with email requests, this chapter first looks at pragmalinguistic transfer in refusals, and then moves on to sociopragmatic transfer. It concludes with a discussion of the relationship between the two types of pragmatic transfer and language proficiency.
Article outline
- 5.1Pragmalinguistic transfer
- 5.1.1Frequency by group
- 5.1.2Frequency by situation
- 5.1.2.1Directness levels and strategy types
- 5.1.2.2Internal modification
- 5.1.2.3External modification
- 5.1.3Average number
- 5.1.4Form/content
- 5.2Sociopragmatic transfer
- 5.2.1Frequency
-
5.2.2Average number
- 5.2.3Form/content
- 5.3Pragmatic transfer and linguistic proficiency
- 5.3.1Pragmalinguistic transfer and linguistic proficiency
- 5.3.2Sociopragmatic transfer and linguistic proficiency