Chapter published in:
Perspectives on Evidentiality in Spanish: Explorations across genres
Edited by Carolina Figueras Bates and Adrián Cabedo
[Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 290] 2018
► pp. 25–48

Chapter 2
On the dynamicity of evidential scales

Pragmatic indirectness in evidentiality as a rhetorical strategy in academic and political discourse

| University of Valencia. Val.Es.Co Research Group
| University of Valencia. Val.Es.Co Research Group
Based on examples from academic papers and parliamentary debates in Spain, the present paper studies a particular phenomenon within evidentiality, which is called ‘pragmatic indirectness’ in this work. This phenomenon involves examples in which evidentiality is expressed formally in a certain way (for instance, it is presented as reporting someone else’s words), but where the meaning conveys a different kind of evidentiality (for example, it is actually obtained through a process of reasoning). The existence of this phenomenon can be explained by the facts that
  1. Evidentials are organised according to scales: some evidentials are considered more preferable than are others, as the degrees of preference are changeable and determined contextually; and
  2. Speakers accommodate their discourse to these scales (more or less) strategically, depending on their intentions and goals, as well as on the expectations raised by the context; and they do so by
    1. Choosing the evidence best ranked in a particular context and, if not available,
    2. By concealing the (less preferable) evidence they have available in the guise of evidentials located higher in the ranking.
Special attention will be paid to the role of discursive genres in the use and values of pragmatic indirectness in evidentiality.
Keywords: evidentiality, Spanish, genres, indirectness
Article outline
  • 1. Introduction
    • 1.1Aims and scope
    • 1.2 Some introductory examples
  • 2.Evidentiality and pragmatics
    • 2.1How is evidentiality categorised?
    • 2.2The pragmatic dimension of evidentiality
      • 2.2.1Evidentials and scales
  • 3.Evidentials in interaction: Dynamic scales and pragmatic indirectness
    • 3.1On the dynamicity of evidential scales in context. Communicative goals
    • 3.2Mismatches between form and meaning. ‘Pragmatic indirectness’ in evidentiality
    • 3.3 On pragmatic indirectness as a cancellation of compositional meaning. Foregrounding and backgrounding information
  • 4.Final remarks
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 24 July 2018
https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.290.02est
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Albelda Marco, Marta
2018. Evidentials as a mark of genre. Pragmatics and Society 9:3 ► pp. 429 ff. Crossref logo
Alonso-Almeida, Francisco & Francisco J. Álvarez-Gil
2021.  In “All families and genera”, ► pp. 228 ff. Crossref logo
Cabedo Nebot, Adrián & Carolina Figueras Bates
2018.  In Perspectives on Evidentiality in Spanish [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 290], ► pp. 1 ff. Crossref logo
Estellés Arguedas, Maria
2020. The Evolution of Parliamentary Debates in Light of the Evolution of Evidentials: Al Parecer and Por lo Visto in 40 Years of Parliamentary Proceedings from Spain. Corpus Pragmatics 4:1 ► pp. 59 ff. Crossref logo
Figueras Bates, Carolina
2019. Razonamiento y Vigilancia Epistémica: Una Explicación Relevantista de los Evidenciales por lo visto y se ve que . Pragmática Sociocultural / Sociocultural Pragmatics 7:1 ► pp. 71 ff. Crossref logo

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