Doing We – Working alliance in psychotherapeutic relationships
A recursive model
Larger chunks from psychotherapeutic cooperations are presented. Cooperation is studied in empirical
psychotherapeutic process research as “working alliance” of which conceptual conflicts are outlined.
I follow a proposal by Ginzburg and Poesio (2016) to micro-analyze
hesitation markers as conversational equivalents to embodied pointing gestures. Several stories by patients are told in order
to “point” to comparisons between the stories. The concept of “tacit comparisons” is, thus,
introduced. Then, a recursive model of common ground is proposed with reference to cognitive-linguistic theory of metaphor
(Cienki und Müller 2010; Lakoff 1987).
The conversation creates in describable steps new metaphors indicating important change.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Early psychoanalytic efforts and empirical research
- 3.First example: A “failed” we-construction
- 4.“My-mind-is-with-you” (MMWY): A silent dimension
- 5.From sequentiality to larger chunks: Tacit comparisons
- Hesitation markers as pointing to tacit comparisons
- 6.From pointing to metaphor: A recursive model
- 7.We-Constellation: To overcome emotional deafness
- 8.Conclusion
-
Notes
-
References
References (79)
References
Albert, Saul und J. P. de Ruiter. 2018. “Repair: The Interface Between Interaction and Cognition.” Topics in Cognitive Science 10 (2): 279–313. .
Antaki, Charles. 2008. „Formulations in psychotherapy.“ In Conversation Analysis and Psychotherapy, hrsg. von Anssi Peräkylä, Charles Antaki, Sanna Vehviläinen und Ivan Leudar, 26–43. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press.
Aron, Lewis. 1996. A Meeting of Minds – Mutuality in Psychoanalysis. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Barnes, B. 2000. Understanding agency. Social theory and responsible action. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Birkner, Karin und Oliver Ehmer, Hrsg. 2013. Veranschaulichungsverfahren im Gespräch. Mannheim: Verl. für Gesprächsforschung.
Bögels, Sara, Lilla Magyari und Stephen C. Levinson. 2015. „Neural
Signatures of Response Planning Occur Midway Through an Incoming Question in
Conversation.” Scientific
reports 5:12881. .
Bordin, Edward S. 1979. “The Generalizability of the Psychoanalytic Concept of the Working Alliance.” Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training 16: 252–60.
Brockmeier, Jens. 2017. „From Memory as Archive to Remembering as Conversation.“ In Handbook of Culture and Memory, hrsg. von Brady Wagoner, 39–72 1: Oxford University Press.
Bruner, Jerome S. 1995/2014. „From
Joint Attention to the Meeting of Minds (1995).” In Moore,
Dunham, and Dunham
1995/2014, 1–14.
Buchholz, Michael B. 2015. „Listening
to Words, Seeing Images – Metaphors of emotional involvement and the movement of the
metaphor.” Psychoanalytic
Discourse 5 (1): 20–38.
Buchholz, Michael B. 2016. “Conversational Errors and Common Ground Activities in Psychotherapy – Insights from Conversation
Analysis.” IJPS 8 (3): 134–53. .
Buchholz, Michael B. 2019a.
„Commentary I: Clinically rethinking CA studies to improve therapeutic
conversation.” Communication and
Medicine 16 (2): 184–90.
Buchholz, Michael B. 2019b. „Re-Petition in (Therapeutic) Conversation: A Psychoanalyst’s Perspective Using Conversation
Analysis.“ In Repetition, Recurrence, Returns: How Cultural Renewal Works, hrsg. von Joan R. Resina und Christoph Wulf, 85–108. Lanham, Boulder, New York, London: Lexington Books.
Buchholz, Michael B. 2019c. „Veränderung braucht Verbindung.“ In Pragmatik der Veränderung – Problem- und lösungsorientierte Kommunikation in helfenden Berufen, hrsg. von Eva-Maria Graf, Claudio Scarvaglieri und Thomas Spranz-Fogasy, 75–95. Berlin: Springer.
Buchholz, Michael B. 2020. “Seeing the Situational Gestalt – Movement in Therapeutic Spaces.” Gestalt Theory 42 (2): 1–31. .
Buchholz, Michael B., Oliver Ehmer, Christopher Mahlstedt, Stefan Pfänder und Elke Schumann. 2021. „Speaking that silences. A single case multi-method analysis of a couple’s interview.“ In Silence and silencing in psychoanalysis. Cultural, clinical, and research aspects, hrsg. von Aleksandar Dimitrijević und Michael B. Buchholz, 333–97. Abingdon, Oxon, New York, NY: Routledge.
Buchholz, Michael B. und Horst Kächele. 2017. „From
turn-by-turn to larger chunks of talk: An exploratory study in psychotherapeutic micro-processes using conversation
analysis.” Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and
Outcome 20:161–78. .
Calbris, Genevieve. 2013. „Elements of meaning in gesture: The analogical links.“ In Body – Language – Communication. An International Handbook on Multimodality in Human Interaction, vol. 1, hrsg. von Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Ladewig, H. Silva und David McNeill, 658–77. Berlin [u.a.]: De Gruyter Mouton.
Chafe, Wallce. 1985. „Some Reasons for Hesitating.“ In Perspectives on Silence, hrsg. von Deborah Tannen und Muriel Saville-Troike, 77–89. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp.
Clark, H. 2003. “Pointing
and placing,” In Pointing: Where Language, Culture, and
Cognition Meet, ed. by Sotaro Kita, 243–268, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cienki, Alan und Cornelia Müller, (Hrsg.). 2010. Metaphor and Gesture. Paperback. Gesture studies 3. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Corballis, Michael C. 2011. The Recursive Mind: The Origins of Human Language, Thought, and Civilization. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Deppermann, Arnulf. 2011. “The Study of Formulations as a Key to an Interactional Semantics.” Human Studies 34 (2): 115–28. .
Deppermann, Arnulf. 2015. „Agency in Erzählungen über Gewalterfahrungen in Kindheit und Jugend.“ In Narrative Bewältigung von Trauma und Verlust., hrsg. von Eduard C. Scheidt, Gabriele Lucius-Hoene, Anja Stukenbrock und Elisabeth Waller. 1. Aufl, 64–75. Stuttgart: Schattauer.
Deppermann, Arnulf und H. Blühdorn. 2013.
„Negation als Verfahren des Adressatenzuschnitts: Verstehenssteuerung durch
Interpretationsrestriktionen.” Deutsche
Sprache 13 (1): 6–30.
Deppermann, Arnulf und Axel Schmidt. 2016. “Partnerorientierung zwischen Realität und Imagination: Anmerkungen zu einem zentralen Konzept der
Dialogtheorie.” Zeitschrift für germanistische Linguistik 44 (3). .
Edwards, Derek und David Middleton. 1987. “Conversation and Remembering: Bartlett Revisited.” Appl. Cognit. Psychol. 1 (2): 77–92. .
Edwards, Derek und Jonathan Potter. 1992. “The Chancellor’s Memory: Rhetoric and Truth in Discursive Remembering.” Appl. Cognit. Psychol. 6 (3): 187–215. .
Ehmer, Oliver. 2011. Imagination und Animation. Die Herstellung mentaler Räume durch animierte Rede. Linguae & litterae 7. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter.
Elliott, Robert, Arthur C. Bohart, Jeanne C. Watson und David Murphy. 2018. “Therapist Empathy and Client Outcome: An Updated Meta-Analysis.” Psychotherapy (Chicago, Ill.) 55 (4): 399–410. .
Emirbayer, Mustafa und Ann Mische. 1998. “What is Agency?“. The American Journal of Sociology 103 (4): 962–1023.
Enfield, N. J. 2013. Relationship thinking – Agency, enchrony, and human sociality. Foundations of Human Interaction. New York: Oxford University Press.
Enfield, Nicholas J. und Paul Kockelman, Hrsg. 2017. Distributed Agency. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
Faimberg, Haydée. 1996. “‘Listening to Listening’.” Intern. J. Psychoanal. 77: 667–77.
Falkenström, Fredrik, Fredrik Granström und Rolf Holmqvist. 2014. “Working Alliance Predicts Psychotherapy Outcome Even While Controlling for Prior Symptom
Improvement.” Psychotherapy Research 24 (2): 146–59. .
Falkenström, Fredrik, Mary Kuria, Caleb Othieno und Manasi Kumar. 2019. “Working Alliance Predicts Symptomatic Improvement in Public Hospital-Delivered Psychotherapy in Nairobi,
Kenya.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 87 (1): 46–55. .
Ginzburg, Jonathan und Massimo Poesio. 2016. „Grammar
Is a System That Characterizes Talk in Interaction.” Front.
Psychol. 7:1–22. .
Goffman, Erving. 1983. “The Interaction Order.” Amer. Sociol. Rev. 48: 1–17.
Goodwin, Charles. 2015. „Narrative as Talk-in-Interaction.“ In the Handbook of Narrative Analysis, hrsg. von Anna de Fina und Alexandra Georgakopoulou, 197–218. Blackwell handbooks in linguistics. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley Blackwell.
Goodwin, Charles. 2018a. Co-Operative Action. Learning in doing. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Goodwin, Charles. 2018b. „Seeing in Depth.“ In Co-Operative Action, hrsg. von Charles Goodwin, 275–306. Learning in doing. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hatcher, Robert L., Karin Lindqvist und Fredrik Falkenström. 2019. “Psychometric Evaluation of the Working Alliance Inventory-Therapist Version: Current and New Short
Forms.” Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, 1–12. .
Huber, Dorothea und Günther Klug. 2016. “Münchner Psychotherapiestudie.” Psychotherapeut, 1–6. .
Kanninen, K., J. Salo und R. -L Punamäki. 2000.
„Attachment Patterns and Working Alliance in Trauma Therapy for Victims of Political
Violence.” Psychotherapy
Research 10 (4): 435.
Kidwell, Mardi und Don H. Zimmerman. 2007.
„Joint attention as action.” Journal of
Pragmatics 39: 592–611.
Kirsch, Michael und Michael B. Buchholz. 2020. „On
the Nature of the Mother-Infant Tie and Its Interaction With Freudian
Drives.” Front.
Psychol. 11:596. .
Korner, Anthony. 2015.
„Analogical Fit: dynamic relatedness in the psychotherapeutic setting with reference to language,
autonomic response, and change in
self-state.” Dissertation, Department
of Linguistics, Macquarie University.
Lakoff, George. 1987. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things. What Categories Reveal About the Mind. Chicago/London: The University of Chicago Press.
Lerner, Gene H. 2013. „On the
Place of Hesitating in Delicate Formulations: A Turn-Constructional Infrastructure for Collaborative
Indiscretion.” In Hayashi,
Raymond, and Sidnell
2013, 95–134.
Loewald, Hans W. 1971. “The Transference Neurosis: Comments on the Concept and the Phenomenon.” J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assoc. 19: 54–66.
Loewald, Hans W. 1979. “Reflections on the Psychoanalytic Process and Its Therapeutic Potential.” Psychoanal. Study Child 34: 155–68.
Mahr, Johannes und Gergely Csibra. 2018. “Why Do We Remember? The Communicative Function of Episodic Memory.” The Behavioral and brain sciences 42 (1): 1–93. .
Mergenthaler, Erhard. 2008.
„Resonating Minds: A School-Independent Theoretical Conception and Its Empirical Application to
Psychotherapeutic Processes.” Psychotherapy
Research 18: 109–27.
Miller-Bottome, Madeleine und Jeremy D. Safran. 2018. „Ferenczi’s Contributions to Relational Psychoanalysis: The Pursuit of Mutuality.“ In Ferenczi’s Influence on Contemporary Psychoanalytic Traditions. Lines of Development---Evolution of Theory and
Practice over the Decades, hrsg. von Aleksandar Dimitrijevic, Gabriele Cassullo und Jay Frankel, 227–31. Milton: Routledge.
Montangero, J. 2009.
„Using dreams in cognitive behavioral
therapy.” Dreaming 19: 239–54.
Muntigl, Peter und Adam O. Horvath. 2014. „“I Can See Some Sadness in Your Eyes”: When Experiential Therapists Notice a Client’s Affectual
Display.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 47 (2): 89–108.
Muran, J. Christopher. 2019.
„Confessions of a New York rupture researcher: An Insider’s guide and
critique.” Psychotherapy
Research 29 (1–2): 1–14.
Peräkylä, Anssi und Jörg R. Bergmann. 2020. “Practices of joint meaning creation. Dreams in psychoanalytic discussion.” The International journal of psycho-analysis, 1–28. .
Peräkylä, Anssi, Pentti Henttonen, Liisa Voutilainen, Mikko Kahri, Melisa Stevanovic, M. Sams und Niklas Ravaja. 2015. “Sharing the Emotional Load. Recipient Affiliation Calms Down the Storyteller.” Social Psychology Quarterly 78 (4): 301–23. .
Plessner, Hellmuth. 1928. Die Stufen des Organischen und der Mensch (3. Auflage 1975). Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
Sacks, Harvey und Gail Jefferson. 1992/1995. Lectures on Conversation. Edited by Gail Jefferson, with an Introduction by Emanuel A. Schegloff. 2 Bände. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Safran, Jeremy D. und J. Christopher Muran. 2000. Negotiating the Therapeutic Alliance – a Relational Treatment Guide. New York: The Guilford Press.
Scarvaglieri, Claudio. 2020. “Starting points for therapeutic change.” CAM 16 (2): 117–28. .
Schegloff, Emanuel A. 2000. “Das Wiederauftauchen des Unterdrückten.” Psychother. Soz. 2 (1): 3–29.
Schegloff, Emanuel A. 2006. „Interaction: The Infrastructure for Social Institutions, the Natural Ecological Niche for Language, and
the Arena in Which Culture Is Enacted.“ In Roots of Human Sociality. Culture, Cognition and Interaction, hrsg. von Stephen C. Levinson und Nicholas J. Enfield, 70–96. Oxford: Berg Publishers.
Schegloff, Emanuel A. 2013. „Ten
operations in self-initiated, same-turn
repair.” In Hayashi,
Raymond, and Sidnell
2013, 41–70.
Selting, Margret, Peter Auer, Dagmar Barth-Weingarten, Jörg R. Bergmann, Pia Bergmann, Karin Birkner, Elisabeth Couper-Kuhlen et al.. 2011. “A system for transcribing talk-in-interaction: GAT 2 translated and adapted for English by Elizabeth
Couper-Kuhlen and Dagmar Barth-Weingarten.” Gesprächsforschung – Online-Zeitschrift zur verbalen Interaktion 12: 1–51. [URL].
Sterba, Richard F. 1934. “Das Schicksal des Ich im therapeutischen Verfahren.” Intern. Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse 20: 66–73.
Stevanovic, Melisa und Anssi Peräkylä. 2014. “Three Orders in the Organization of Human Action: On the Interface Between Knowledge, Power, and Emotion in
Interaction and Social Relations.” Language in Society 43 (02): 185–207. .
Stiles, William B., Clara E. Hill und Robert Elliott. 2015. “Looking Both Ways.” Psychotherapy Research 25 (3): 282–93. .
Tomasello, Michael. 1995/2014.
„Joint Attention as Social
Cognition.” In Moore, Dunham, and Dunham 1995/2014, 103–30.
Tomasello, Michael und Amrisha Vaish. 2013. “Origins of Human Cooperation and Morality.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 64 (1): 231–55. .
Trevarthen, Colwyn. 1979. „Communication and Cooperation in Early Infancy: A Description of Primary Intersubjectivity.“ In Before Speech: The Beginning of Interpersonal Communication, hrsg. von Margaret Bullowa, 321–48. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Vosniadou, S. 1995.
„Analogical Reasoning in Cognitive
Development.” Metaphor and Symbolic
Activity 10: 297–308.
Wagner Cook, Susan. 2014. „Gesture and working memory.“ In Body – Language – Communication: An international handbook on multimodality in human interaction, vol. 2, hrsg. von Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill und Jana Bressem, 1936–42. Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft 38,2. Berlin [u.a.]: de Gruyter.
Weiste, Elina und Anssi Peräkylä. 2013. “A Comparative Conversation Analytic Study of Formulations in Psychoanalysis and Cognitive
Psychotherapy.” Research on Language & Social Interaction 46 (4): 299–321. .
Wooffitt, Robin. 2005. „From Process to Practice: Language, Interaction and ‘Flashbulb’ Memories.“ In Conversation and Cognition, hrsg. von Hedwig t. Molder und Jonathan Potter, 203–25. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press.
Cited by (2)
Cited by two other publications
Fenner, Carolina
2024.
Silence after narratives by patients in psychodynamic psychotherapy: a conversation analytic study.
Frontiers in Psychology 15
Kabatnik, Susanne
2024.
“Because he was disgusting”: transforming relations through positioning in messenger-supported group psychotherapy.
Frontiers in Psychology 14
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 24 december 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.