Subject index

• aboutness topic 158–159, 163, 176

• accessibility 22, 23, 24 ; see also manifestness

• afterthought 128, 166 ; see also comment use of sentence adverbials; corrective use of sentence adverbials

• ambiguity
  • lexical 35–36
  • structural 35–36
  • sentence adverbial vs. manner adverbial138
  • syntactically integrated vs. parenthetical uses of sentence adverbials 11, 36, 152, 163, 192, 205–206, 224, 230
  • truth-conditional vs. non-truth-conditional uses of sentence adverbials 2–3, 62–63, 154, 163
  see also disambiguation

• ancillary commentsee comment use of sentence adverbials

• appositive
  • nominal 141, 142–143, 146, 162–163, 195–196
  • non-restrictive relative clause (NRRC) 141, 142–143, 195–196

• assertion
  • and commitment 71, 79–80, 122–123, 229
  • and at-issueness 181–183, 193, 203
  • and explicature 31, 65, 76, 78–80, 122, 229
  • and higher-level explicature 9, 10, 43, 44–45, 57, 65, 78
  • and pointhood 79, 182, 193, 203
  • conditional89
  • Jary’s relevance-theoretic account of 10, 43, 44–45, 122–123, 129, 208
  • of the adverbial qualification 6, 7, 10, 57, 78–79, 83–84, 113, 122–124, 126–127, 130–131, 152, 183, 203, 205, 216, 229
  • of the adverbially qualified proposition 6, 7, 10, 57, 76, 78–80, 83–84, 124, 126–127, 129–130, 203, 205, 229
  • ordinary 79–80
  • strength/force of 6, 68, 79
  see also illocutionary force

• background 147, 202–203, 215–216 ; see also focus

• causal clause 175, 176, 198, 201, 202, 206 ; see also tests for truth conditions

• clause-embedding predicate 11, 192, 197, 210–211, 213, 228 ; see also complement-taking verb

• cognitive environment25
  • mutual 25, 52

• cognitive effects 15, 16, 17, 18, 51, 122

• cognitive principle of relevance16

• comma intonation 3, 77, 82, 135–136, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 144, 158, 160–161, 164, 166, 169, 173, 206
  • and non-truth-conditional interpretation 137, 140, 161
  • and syntactic parentheticality 137–139, 140
  see also prosodic parentheticality

• comment use of sentence adverbials 4, 77, 82, 93, 94, 96, 98, 99, 101, 105, 128–129, 166, 168, 170–171, 173, 197, 200, 201, 205–206, 220, 221, 223 ; see also corrective use of sentence adverbials

• comment clause 56–57, 77, 81, 138, 142, 146, 149–150 ; see also reports

• commitment 32–33, 70–72, 79
  • and assertion 76, 78–79, 80, 122, 129, 130, 179, 228–229
  • and epistemic strength 68–69, 70–71, 79
  • and explicature 6, 32–33, 74–76, 85, 113–118, 121, 122, 124–129, 130, 228–229
  • and (non-)truth-conditionality of sentence adverbials 3, 9, 57, 58, 61, 62, 67, 68–69, 72–74, 77, 85, 98, 102
  • to the adverbial qualification 6, 61, 76, 85, 113–118, 121, 130, 228–229
  • to the adverbially qualified proposition 3, 6, 9, 57, 58, 61, 62, 67, 68–69, 70–73, 74–76, 79, 80, 85, 98, 102, 124–129, 130, 228–229, 231

• common ground 183–184

• communicative principle of relevance 17–18, 19, 27, 33, 38, 51, 53, 81

• complement-taking verb 7, 12, 165, 177, 178, 181–182, 188, 189, 211, 212, 219, 222, 229 ; see also clause-embedding predicate; reports

• conditionals
  • counterfactual117
  • factual 119, 127
  • hypothetical 94, 116, 118, 119, 120; inferential 198; resultative 198, 201
  • Moore126
  • speech-act173
  see also tests for truth conditions

• context (in relevance theory) 27–28, 186 ; see also embedded context; factual context

• contextual
  • assumption 15, 19, 27–28, 42, 49–51, 62
  • effect 15, 44
  • implication 15, 27, 42, 49–51, 110

• corrective use of sentence adverbials 123–124, 129, 131, 144, 166–167, 170–171, 172–173, 174, 178, 205, 206, 208–210, 217, 223, 227, 228 ; see also comment use of sentence adverbials

• covert parenthetical clause 4, 11, 123–124, 133, 144, 150–151, 152, 163, 229

• c-command
  • invisibility to 3, 4, 10–11, 132 137, 140, 141, 142–143, 152, 154, 163, 227
  • visibility to 82–83, 89, 140, 152, 172

• declarative 43–45, 65, 178, 181
  • main-clause 10, 43, 44–45, 123, 129, 130, 156, 157, 175, 203, 206, 208, 229
  • vs. non-declarative44
  see also assertion

• descriptive vs. interpretive representation110

• diagnosticsee tests for truth conditions

• disambiguation
  • syntactically integrated vs. parenthetical uses of sentence adverbials 223–224
  • truth-conditional vs. non-truth-conditional uses of sentence adverbials 223–224, 229–230
  see also ambiguity

• elliptical clause 104, 129–130, 150–151, 152, 126–127

• parentheticalsee covert parenthetical clause

• embedded assumptions 24, 76, 80, 110–111, 112, 121, 123, 125, 127, 128, 130, 178, 186–188, 189–190, 193, 200, 207–208, 212, 217 ; see also factual assumptions; embedded context; interpretive use; metarepresentation

• embedded context 186–187, 193, 205, 229 ; see also embedded assumptions; factual context

• embedding testsee tests for truth conditions

• entailment 32, 141, 202–203
  • contextual 180, 181, 212, 213
  • implicated180

• epistemic modal verbs 7, 11–12, 165, 181–189

• epistemic modality 108, 111, 112

• epistemic strength 22–24, 67–73, 85, 109, 112

• evidential use/function/interpretation 179, 182, 190
  • of sentence adverbials 191–195, 201, 200, 201–204, 205–206, 207–210, 211–213, 215–218, 219–220, 221, 223

• evidentiality 111–112

• factual assumptions 23, 24, 32, 71–72, 76, 80, 93, 97, 109–111, 114, 121–122, 127, 128, 139, 171, 186–188, 193, 208, 212, 217
  • as descriptive representation110
  • epistemic strength as a property of 23–24, 69, 109
  see also embedded assumptions; factual context

• factual context 122–123, 129, 186–187, 189, 193, 205, 229 ; see also embedded context; factual assumptions

• factual representationsee factual assumption

• focus 106, 138, 140, 147, 182, 198, 202, 207, 208
  • sensitivity147

• illocutionary adverbials 11, 46–48, 49, 55, 57, 58–60, 60, 61, 64, 65, 68, 75, 78, 80, 141, 150, 153, 157, 158, 164–165, 176, 195–196

• illocutionary force 6, 7, 8, 10, 45, 57, 58, 83–84, 86, 121, 122, 123, 130, 143 ; see also assertion; speech act

• intention
  • communicative17
  • informative17

• interpretive hypothesis 18, 39

• interpretive representationsee interpretive use

• interpretive use 110, 116
  • hearsay adverbials as markers of 9, 67, 68, 69, 73, 78, 80, 83
  • of adverbial qualifications 107, 116, 121, 123
  • of the adverbially qualified proposition 127, 178, 199
  see also descriptive vs. interpretive representation

• interrogative 43–44, 115, 115–116, 175, 176, 207 ; see also interrogative flip; metarepresentation; tests for truth conditions

• interrogative flip 115, 214

• intuitive beliefsee factual assumption

• linear order133

• linear syntactic position of sentence adverbials 4, 81, 86, 133–134, 138, 159, 206, 223, 229
  • ambiguous 11, 12, 154, 163, 174, 192, 204, 205–206, 224
  • canonical 11, 12, 134, 138, 139–140, 153–154, 155–156, 163, 174, 178, 204, 223–224
  • non-canonical 135–136, 139–140, 166, 167, 168, 173, 174, 204, 224
  • unambiguous 12, 164, 167, 174, 176, 192, 204, 211, 223, 227
  see also middle field prefield, short response

• linearisation 139, 145, 147–148

• linguistic underdeterminacy 30–31

• logical form 89–90, 104, 131, 136, 178, 204, 205, 212, 226, 227
  • in relevance theory 31–32
  • multidimensional 141, 144, 160, 162
  see also multidimensional semantics; parenthetical merge; proposition expressed; radical orphanage

• manifestness 20–21
  • and implicit Questions Under Discussion222
  • as a function of accessibility and epistemic strength 21–23
  • mutual 25, 183
  • Sperber and Wilson’s 1986/1995 definition of20
  • restatement of 23–24

• manner adverbial 46–47, 138, 142, 151, 161

• matrix predicate counterparts of sentence adverbials (‘It is Adj/V(ed) that P’) 5, 7, 12, 86, 91, 107, 115, 119, 135, 174, 176, 177, 211, 212–218, 219–221, 228, 229, 230

• metarepresentation 23, 24, 109–110
  • layers of 88, 116, 127
  • sentence adverbials and 69, 85, 110–111, 112–113, 114–118, 120–121, 127, 130
  see also embedded assumptions; interpretive use

• middle field (in German) 156, 158–159
  • and (non-)truth-conditionality 159–160, 163

• multidimensional semantics 3, 6, 162–163, 227

• negation 134–136, 137, 139

• non-factual assumptionssee embedded assumptions

• optimal relevancesee presumption of optimal relevance

• ostensive stimulus 17–18

• parenthetical merge (par-merge) 143, 145

• parentheticals 90, 138, 141, 142–144, 145–149, 150, 166, 195 ; see also supplements

• partial answer 181, 194

• potential answer 184–185, 198, 202

• prefield (in German) 156, 192
  • and truth-conditional interpretation of sentence adverbials 157–158, 164–165, 204, 211

• presumption of optimal relevance 17–17, 25–26 ; see also communicative principle of relevance; relevance-theoretic comprehension procedure

• presupposition 118, 119

• processing effort 16–17, 18, 51, 53, 122, 227

• proposition expressed31
  • and explicature 31–32
  • and higher-level explicature 41–49
  • and logical form 31, 178
  • development of 33–34, 35, 40, 49–50
  • complex 5, 41, 82–83, 88–89, 105, 163, 178, 179, 181–183, 187–191, 195, 202, 226, 229
  • logical independence of 81, 83, 89, 105, 118, 122, 141, 163, 171–172, 178, 195, 226, 227
  • multiple 5, 7, 177
  see also logical form

• prosodic breakssee comma intonation

• prosodic integration 137–138, 139, 168, 206

• prosodic independencesee prosodic parentheticality

• prosodic parentheticality 77, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 149, 161, 166–167, 168 ; see also comma intonation

• prosodic separationsee prosodic parentheticality

• prosody 4, 90, 149, 161, 206, 207, 223

• pro-form 104, 150–151, 152, 175, 207, 211

• QUDsee Question Under Discussion

• Question Under Discussion 7, 179–185, 188, 189, 190–191, 193–194, 195–199, 201–203, 204–206, 207–210, 211–218, 219, 221–222, 229
  • current 180, 182, 190, 195, 197, 215, 216, 219, 221–222
  • explicit (or overt) 180, 182, 189, 195, 197, 209, 221
  • implicit 180, 190, 195, 221–222

• radical orphanage 81, 85, 90, 104, 140, 145–149, 166, 227 ; see also syntactic orphan

• relevance 18, 178
  • direct 179, 196, 198–199, 200–201, 210, 221
  • in a context 15, 27, 122–123, 129, 186, 190, 229
  • in own right 43–44, 45, 122, 129
  • indirect 44, 181–184, 186, 188, 194, 198–199, 200–201, 221
  • to a Question Under Discussion (QUD) 179–182, 190–191, 221–222, 229
  • to an individual (the hearer) 15–16, 43–44, 45, 122, 129, 186
  see also cognitive principle of relevance; communicative principle of relevance; presumption of optimal relevance; relevance-theoretic comprehension procedure

• relevance-theoretic comprehension procedure 18, 33, 36, 45, 51, 120, 122, 204, 205

• reporting clause 56–57, 77, 138, 142, 149–150 ; see also reports

• reports
  • belief184
  • speech and thought 80, 110, 114–115, 120, 123, 184, 193, 203, 219, 221

• revisionsee corrective use of sentence adverbials

• scope testsee tests for truth conditions

• scopelessnesssee invisibility

• self-correctionsee corrective use of sentence adverbials

• sentence topicsee aboutness topic

• short response 104–105, 124–126, 150–151, 152, 154, 165, 175, 204, 211, 223, 226, 229 ; see also pro-form

• side commentsee comment use of sentence adverbials

• speaker orientation 4, 113, 118

• speech act 42–43, 45–46, 78, 83–84, 105, 230
  • theory 56–57, 79–80
  see also assertion; illocutionary adverbials; illocutionary force

• strategy of inquiry 182–184, 189, 190, 193–194, 197–199, 200–201, 203, 206, 209, 210, 211–212, 217, 222

• supplements 141, 160, 195 ; see also appositive; parentheticals

• syntactic orphan 4, 77, 163 ; see also radical orphanage

• syntax-interpretation mismatch 11, 82, 154, 165

• syntax-pragmatics hypothesis of (non-)truth-conditional interpretation 174, 175–176, 178, 192, 204–206, 212
  • link between syntactic integration and truth-conditionality 105, 160, 211, 219, 222–223

• tests for truth conditions 2, 3, 7, 9, 12, 58–64, 71, 73, 75, 80, 82, 83–84, 89, 102, 154, 157, 159, 172–173, 175–177, 197, 210, 215–216, 219, 223, 227, 228, 230

• universe of interpretation 108, 111, 116

• unreflective beliefsee factual assumption

• weak vs. strong
  • assumption/beliefsee epistemic strength
  • communication 51–53
  • epistemic adverbial 68, 70–73, 74–75, 79–80, 98–102, 125–126, 127, 128, 130, 173, 194, 205, 207–209, 212, 229, 231
  • evidential adverbial 68, 70–73, 74–75, 79–80, 91–96, 125–126, 128, 130, 205, 207–209, 212, 229, 231
  • manifestnesssee manifestness