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Part of
Risk Discourse and Responsibility
Edited by Annelie Ädel and Jan-Ola Östman
[Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 336] 2023
► pp. 255–260

Index

A

  • accountability 7, 47, 120, 122, 145, 159, 161–162, 165, 237
  • action 17, 22–23, 44, 46–47, 49, 53, 56, 91, 93–94, 104, 121, 128, 149–152, 156–158, 161–162, 164, 177, 180–181, 184–185, 193, 205, 214, 216, 220, 224, 227, 237, 247, 253
    • action gap 46–47, 58
    • immediate action 149–151, 162, 164
    • responsible action 22, 150, 156–157, 162, 164
    • actionable requirement151
  • Affected (role) 11–12
  • agency 7, 11, 24, 92, 122, 131, 146
  • ambiguity 3, 16, 113
  • Anderson, Benedict122
  • answerability7
  • Applied Linguistics 110, 124–125, 146
  • Appraisal analysis Ch. 2
  • assessment (of risk) 15, 47, 50–51, 58, 121–122, 134, 172, 184, 186, 200, 203
  • asymmetry104
  • attitude 9, 25, 27, 48, 51, 68, 78, 82–84, 192, 194–196, 201–204, 207, 249
  • attribution 24, 54
  • audience 22–23, 27, 45, 97, 178, 225
  • authority 21, 26, 53, 136, 159, 161–162
  • autonomy7
  • awareness 2–3, 22, 32, 97, 105, 109–110, 121, 124, 200, 250 ; (see also metapragmatic awareness)
  • avoiding (risk) 11, 14, 41, 58–59, 74, 80, 89, 92, 97, 111, 215, 218, 224, 227, 234, 239, 247, 252

B

  • Bakhtin, Mikhail7
  • Beck, Ulrich 10–12, 15, 28, 120–121, 234, 237
  • Belgium Ch. 5, 250
  • Berkeley, CA 252–253
  • blame 6, 8–12, 22, 24, 53, 92, 102, 104, 107–108, 111, 127, 233–235

C

  • care(r) 6, 10, 43, 68–69, 92, 124, 136, 144, 151, 172–176, 219
    • health care 18, 23, 68, 77–78, 113, 119, 131
  • categorization 5, 8, 32, 43–44, 47, 59, 95, 111, 134, 149, 153, 156–157, 216–217, 220, 238
    • membership categorization 47, 58, 154
  • choice 32, 40, 59, 67, 144–145, 147, 156, 163, 248–249
    • linguistic choice 3, 22, 48–55, 177, 223, 248
    • ethical250
    • individual 145–146, 165
  • climate 2, 18, 23, 65, 77, 121, 193, 249
  • clinic(al) 93, 95, 98
    • clinical trial 30, Ch. 4, 247
  • code preference 218, 222–223
  • Cognitive linguistics 49, 70
    • cognitive frames18
    • cognitive load206
  • coherence 3, 108–109, 224
  • collocation71
  • communicative functions 22, 32, 44, 118–120, 124– 128, 136, 173, 184, 193
  • community/ies 21, 25, 27, 41, 47, 83, 133, 145–146, 151, 153, 156–160, 162, 165, 174, 184, 228, 236, 238, 250
    • imagined community122
  • complicity 7, 29, 111, Ch. 11
  • computer 95, 123–124, 191–192
  • conduct122
    • conduct of conduct 44, 46
  • conflict 2, 17, 23, 83, 122, 235
  • construal21
  • consent 95, 111, 115
    • informed consent 30, Ch. 4, 124, 195
  • construction 14, 95, 219
    • identity construction 8, 55, 98
    • linguistic construction 19–20, 54, 97, Ch. 6
    • social constructionist 14, 229
  • Construction Grammar19
  • contact tracing 30, Ch. 5
  • contamination 40, 55, 57, 59, 127–129
    • decontamination 30, Ch. 2
  • contingency 153, 180–181, 185, 232, 235
  • context 9, 13–14, 16, 18, 22–24, 26, 29–30, 42, 49–50, 60, 66–67, 69, 84, 92, 95, 104–105, 107–109, 148, 159, 164, 173, 191–192, 205, 208, 218–219, 222–224, 226, 228–229, 238, 247–248, 250, 252
    • decontextualization223
    • contextualization 104, 109, 148
    • recontextualization 216, 233
  • conventionality 66, 73, 79, 84
  • conversation analysis (CA) 175, 186
  • conversational practice 149, 153, 175–176, 180
  • corpus 5, 71, 114, 118–119, 124–126, 130, 133, 229
    • corpus linguistics32
  • counselling 23, 104–105
  • COVID-19 2, 27–31, Ch. 3, Ch. 4, Ch. 5, Ch. 6, 191, 218–219, 221, 246
  • credibility 21, 29, 54
    • source credibility Ch. 8
  • crime (prevention) 32, 232, 235–237, 239, 248
  • crisis (preventive; on-going) 12–14, 26–27, 30–31, 52, 80, 118–119, 145–148, 152, 215, 239, 248–249
    • climate crisis 2, 23
    • crisis management23
  • culture 21, 25, 49, 70, 83, 118, 120, 122, 127, 131, 135, 142, 145–146, 148, 153, 174, 193, 224, 228, 232, 234, 238, 249–251
    • cultural values 142, 144–145, 148
    • cultural ideologies and mythologies 145, 147–148
  • Czech 191, 195–198, 206
    • Czechia 191, 196

D

  • danger 5, 10, 19, 21, 29, 136, 157, 172, 219, 224, 226, 234–235, 237, 239, 247–248
  • debate 30, 121–122, 207, 250–251
    • woke–antiwoke debate 30, 250–252
  • decision making 5, 9–10, 13, 21, 58–59, 113, 131, 204, 234–235, 237, 249
  • democracy/democratic 7, 44, 233, 236, 249, 253
  • dialectical relationship 40, 47
  • dialogical 49, 118, 120, 125, 149, 185
  • disclosure123
  • Discourse Analysis 12, 25, Ch. 2, 186
  • diversity 50, 249–250
  • Dutch Ch. 5, 152
  • dynamics/dynamicity 7–8, 14, 24–25, 42, 92, 120, 124–125, 130, 149
    • interactional dynamics 124, 130

E

  • economics 5, 31, 43, 65
  • economy 68, 143, 153, 164
  • emergency 8, 16–17, 25, 30, 40, 67–68, 75–76, 78–79, 83, 88, 90–91, 96, 98, 102, 112–113, 114, 119, 191, 196, 201, 215, 218, 220, 223–228, 248
  • emergent 67, 92, 121, 173
  • emplacement 149, 214, 218, 221, 223
  • energy 234, 249
  • engagement 47, 49, 121–122, 128, 133, 147–148, 154, 164, 184, 227, 247, 248, 253
  • English 4–5, 16, 91, 108, 124, 147, 222, 226
    • Aviation English16
    • Hong Kong English102
    • Maritime English16
  • environment(al crisis) 12, 21, 41, 215, 219, 229, 235, 240
  • equality
    • inequality 145–146, 157, 250
  • ethics 7–8, 23–24, 29–31, 42, 92, 124, 175, 246–247
    • bioethics92
  • ethnography 17, 32, Ch. 4
    • autoethnography Ch. 4
  • exaggeration251
  • exoneration 30, 88, 92, 99, 104–105, 108, 113
    • self-exoneration103
  • expert(ise) 4, 13–15, 18, 28, 47, 77–79, 105, 107, 110, 120–121, 124, 191–193, 205, 238
    • expert and lay perspectives 13, 15, 27–28, Part 1, 104–105, 201

F

  • face 28, 111–112, 125–126, 150, 176 ; (see also politeness)
  • family 13, 25, 28, 83, 110, 126, 129, 143
  • Fillmore, Charles J. 5, 18
  • finance 9, 31, 55, 57, 59, 145, 165
    • financialization164
  • Finnish Ch. 9
    • Finland 30, 195, Ch. 9
  • Flanders Ch. 5, 250
  • Flemish Agency of Health and Care Ch. 5
  • focus group 22, 30–31, Ch. 2
  • food 22, 143, 154
    • food nanotechnology22
  • forensics32
  • Foucault, Michel 28, 41–46
  • frames, framing 3, 5–6, 8, 10–11, 14–15, 19–22, 24, 26, 29, Ch. 3, 133, 135, 147, 163, 207, 229, 249–252
    • Frame Semantics 5, 8, 18–19, 24
    • FrameNet 6, 8, 20
    • cognitive frame 18, Ch. 3
    • discourse-framing 14, 20, 66, 249–250
    • metaphorical framing Ch. 3
  • free will 43–44, 59, 131, 251
    • the Free Speech Movement 252–253

G

  • gaze 180–185
    • risk gaze56
  • GDPR (the General Data Protection Regulation) 30, 124
  • gender 174, 195, 199, 250
  • genetics 91, 193
  • genre 23, 109, 118, 120, 124, 215
    • emerging genres28, Part 2
  • Giddens, Anthony 9, 11–12, 15, 27–28, 31–32, 113, 121
  • global (risk, crises) 2, 13, 40, 42–43, 58, 91, 93, 120–121, 146, 156, 233
    • the Global North250
  • Goffman, Erving 149, 216
  • goodwill 114, 193, 201, 204–205
  • governance (risk g.) 40–41, 45, 48, 51, 120, 237–238
  • governmentality 28, Ch. 2, 118, 120
  • guilt 6, 8, 82, 98–99

H

  • Halliday, M.A.K. 24, 222, 226
  • health 5, 9, 13, 21, 28, 31, 40, 42–43, 51–52, 54, 59, 93, 96, 99, 118–121, 123, 128, 130, 132, 136, 142–143, 145–146, 148, 157–158, 163, 192, 194, 234
    • healthcare 18, 23, 68, 77–78, 119, 131
  • high stakes 16–17, 31, 47, 122, 207–208, 228
  • human-induced, -mitigated, -targeted risk and responsibility 11–12, 121
  • human rights235

I

  • ideal 14, 44–45, 160, 198, 200
  • identity 8, 23, 45, 49, 92, 98, 111, 156–157, 194–195, 215, 217, 219, 223
  • ideology 24–25, 83, 113, 122, 144, 146–148, 159, 162–163, 165–166, 219
  • implicitness 6, 8, 10, 14–15, 20, 24, 29, 66, 71, 96, 122, 127, 153, 155, 163, 227, 248
  • individualization 40–42, 44, 56, 59, 123, 154, 157, 163, 165
    • individualist(-collective) 142, 144–146, 162–163
  • industrial society 121, 234, 236, 239
  • infrastructure 216, 236, 238
    • infrastructural discourse 216, 220, 224
  • institution(al) 14–17, 21, 40, 42, 69, 102, 104–105, 107, 110, 120–121, 123, 126, 144, 146, 148, 162–163, 206, 208, 235, 240, 247
    • institutionalization 41, 47, 59
  • insurance 5, 47, 123, 234, 237
  • intentionality 8–10, 223, 232, 238–239, 248
  • interaction 3, 17, 23, 30–31, 57, 83, 92, 118–120, 124–125, 133, 143, 145, 148–149, 172–177, 179–181, 183–186, 193, 216
    • doctor–patient interaction129
    • human-robot interaction 30, Ch. 7
    • human-machine interaction Ch. 8
    • interaction quality 172–175
    • Interactional analysis Ch. 5, Ch. 7
    • telephone interaction 30, Ch. 5
  • interpretation 21, 22, 28, 47, 66, 122, 133, 135, 149, 157, 185, 218, 224, 226–229, 246–247, 249
    • consecutive interpreting Ch. 8
    • machine interpreting Ch. 8
    • simultaneous interpreting Ch. 8
  • intervention 124, 247
  • interview 23, 30, 50–52, 59, 68, 144, 172, 176–178, 180, 185

J

  • Japanese Ch. 3
    • Japan Ch. 3 91, 218
  • journalism 22–23
  • judgement131
  • justice (& injustice) 159, 175, 250–253
  • justification 46, 52, 105, 126, 247

L

  • late modern society 28, 99, 118
  • legitimization 14, 21, 44–45, 133, 232–233, 250–251
  • linguistic landscape 17, Ch. 6, Ch. 9
  • legal 7, 9–10, 23, 25, 47, 59, 122, 126–127, 164, 216, 229, 247

M

  • managerialism 159–162, 164
  • managing risk Part4
  • markedness 91, 106–107
  • market(ing) 9, 43, 126, 147, 153
  • media 22–23, 49, 120–122, 135, 149, 240
    • media discourse 22–23
    • social media 13, 122, 173
  • mediati(zat)on 27, 91, 105, 110, 121–122, 226, 229, 247
    • remediation 43, 53
    • technology-mediation Ch. 8
  • mental health42
  • metalinguistic110
  • metaphor 22, 28, 30, 49, Ch. 3, 92, 110
    • argument is war70
    • Conceptual Metaphor Theory70
    • conduit metaphor15
    • metaphorical “home”159
    • metaphorical sources for COVID-19 Ch. 3
    • metaphorization108
  • metapragmatic awareness 88, 97, 105, 109–110
  • metro 29–30, Ch. 9, 246
  • migration 21, 51, 55, 59, 65–66, 80, 104, 147, 236, 249–251
  • modality 18, 21, 48, 54–56, 58
    • deontic modality 102, 114
    • epistemic 100–102, 107, 110, 112, 114 ; (see also multimodality)
  • moral(ity) 7, 23, 25, 30, 40–41, 55, 66, 91–92, 122, 124, 126–128, 131, 135, 146, 229, 233, 250
  • multimodality 3, 29–30, 185, Ch. 9
    • visual modality 17, 149
  • mutuality 135, 183, 192, 247

N

  • narrative 25, 94
    • counternarrative52
  • neglect 53, 248
  • negotiation 8, 15, 18, 23, 28, 41, 43, 45–47, 51, 92, 121, 153
  • neoliberalism 120, 142, 144, 146–148, 163–164
  • news 49, 102, 146, 250
    • news agency23
    • newsletter195
    • newspaper 22, 27, 30, 65, 67, 70, 84, 144
  • New York City 68, Ch. 6
  • norms 24, 30, 41, 44, 106, 246, 250–252
    • normative 41, 247
  • normality/normalize 44, 46, 56, 112, 185, 228, 246, 249, 251–252
  • Norway 237–238
  • nuclear (accident) 40, 42, 44, 50–51, 58
    • nuclear emergency40
    • nuclear weapons235

O

  • objectification46
  • objectivity 45, 48–49, 55, 58, 193, 203, 205
  • openness132
  • organization 44, 164, 232, 234, 238–240
    • reorganization49
    • social organization 118, 120, 122

P

  • pandemic 2, 28, 31, 191, 208, 218 ; (see also COVID-19)
  • participant (e.g. in test) 21, 24, 30–31, 50, 54, 56–59, 88–90, 92–99, 102, 104–105, 110–114, 149, 162, 174, Ch. 8, 227
    • between-participant (design) 190–191, 194–197, 200–202
    • co-participant 25, 83, 149, 177, 185
    • participation 32, 41, 44, 59, 83, 88–89, 91, 93, 96, 127, 180, 195, 247, 251, 253
  • perception 22, 27, 122, Ch. 8, 253
    • public perception 22, 233, 236
  • performative act 8, 89
  • personality145
  • police 23, 91, 127, 164, 236, 240, 250, 253
  • policy 40, 47, 60, 68, 103, 143, 145–146, 163, 219, 234, 249
    • language policy 147, 217, 222
    • policy discourse52
    • policymaker237
  • politeness 28, 52–53, 150, 153, 176
    • politeness marker 150, 152
  • politics 23, 45, 70, 74, 77–79, 121–122, 146–147, 159, 164–166, 232–233, 235–236, 239, 241, 250–251, 253
    • environmental politics235
    • political discourse 14, 20, 74, 146–148, 163, 235, 237
    • political interview23
    • politicization 165, 241
    • socio-political 21, 250
  • Popper, Karl 7, 30
  • position 6, 25, 32, 43, 55–57, 94, 121, 144, 159, 196
    • positioning 24, 25, 40, 42, 45, 49, 52–53, 59, 93–94, 121, 147, 154, 157, 165, 249
  • poverty77
  • power 21, 41–42, 44–45, 104, 149, 161, 228, 233, 235, 247
  • practice(s) 5, 14, 18–19, 25, 42, 44, 58, 83, 105, 109, 120–121, 136, 149–152, 154, 161–162, 164, 193, 206, 214, 228, 234, 239, 248
    • best174
    • community of184
    • meaning-making 4, 175, 184
    • professional 60, 147
    • social 175, 185, 215–216
  • pragmatics 3, 32, 88, 93, 110, 136, 176, 219
    • metapragmatic 88, 97, 105, 109–110
  • precaution144
  • preparedness236
  • press 13, 94, 143
  • presupposition57
  • probability 4–5, 14, 49, 100, 237
    • probability theory234
  • professional 23, 28, 93, 104–105, 107, 109, 111, 128, 130, 190–191
    • health care professional131
    • lay and professional 105–106, 108, 110, 112
    • professional discourse 94, 105
    • professional translator190
    • professionalism 24, 110
  • pronoun 23, 96, 144, 148, 153, 181
  • protest 147, 250, 253
  • prototypicality 13, 26–27, 111, 148
  • public discourse 21, 26, 29–30, 32, 66, 72, 228–229
  • public health 5, 21, 54, 93, 96, 119, 130, 142, 145–146
    • public health message 142, 145–146
  • public transport 214–215

Q

  • quarantine 118–119, 123, 125, 127, 143, 163

R

  • radiation 41–42, 50–53, 56, 58–59
    • radiation risk Ch. 2
  • radicalization 238, 250–251
  • radioactive 30, 50–51, 54–55, 246
  • rationality 47, 53, 237
  • recipient design Ch. 7, 193–194, 204, 208
  • reciprocity 162, 180
  • reflexivity 11, 24, 105, 107, 110, 121
    • self-reflexive 94, 104–105, 107, 109–111
    • reflexive modernity121
  • regulation 17, 25, 43, 92, 113, 143, 148, 160, 162–163, 183, 214, 216, 229, 234, 237–239, 247, 251 (see also GDPR)
    • regulatory discourse 216, 219–220, 229
  • relevance 49, 103, 130, 220, 252
    • Relevance Theory108
    • societal relevance 21, 31
  • reputation23
  • resilience239
  • resistance 40, 42, 49, 51, 54, 58, 60
  • responsibility
    • causal responsibility91
    • financial responsibility 55, 59
    • formal/legal responsibility 7, 25, 126–127
    • collective responsibility 7, 25
    • individual responsibility 25, 83, 122, 131, 135, 143, 145–146, 153–154, 156, 163
    • institutional responsibility120
    • interpersonal responsibility 25, 83, 122, 128, 131, 135
    • moral responsibility 25, 41, 92, 122, 135, 229
    • negotiation of responsibility23
    • personal responsibility 57, 146
    • responsibility to self(see individual responsibility)
    • sociocultural responsibility 25, 83, 122, 127, 135
  • The Responsibility Frame 8, 10
  • responsibilization 15, 40–41, 59, 118, 120, 163
  • responsiveness 179–180, 183–184, 238
  • rhetorical77
  • risk
    • communicating risk 14, 215, 218, 228
    • financial risk 9, 31, 55, 57, 59, 145, 164–165
    • manufactured risk27
    • positive risk 11, 31
    • risk analysis 41, 238
    • risk assessment 47, 58, 121–122, 134, 172, 184, 186
    • risk calculation 44, 118–119, 247
    • risk communication 2, 12–14, 190–193, 204–208, 215–216, 218, 220, 222, 228–229
    • The Risk Frame 4–6
    • risk management 10, 12–13, 20, 41–42, 44–45, 56, 58–60, 118–119, 121–122, 125, 136, 156, 234, 237–239, 240–241
    • risk mitigation 46–47, 51, 53–58, 111, 126–127, 205, 238, 240
    • risk reporting23
    • Risk Society 10, 15, 28, 32, 118, 120–121, 234
    • theorizing risk Ch. 1
  • Risk Discourse
    • definition15
    • definitional scopes: narrow, broad, extended 16–22
    • pre-discussion of definition 3–4, 12–15
  • robotics Ch. 7, 247
  • role 3, 6, 8, 10–11, 41–42, 114, 120, 159, 174, 186, 194, 238
    • expert role13
    • negotiation of role28
    • professional role 23–24, 118, 120
    • role of consumer164
    • role play 31, 105, 107
    • roles in risk and responsibility Ch. 1, 122, 125–126, 208
    • social role 21, 172, 174, 176
    • volunteer participant role 89, Ch. 4

S

  • safety 3, 5, 15, 17–20, 29–30, 40, 43, 46–47, 51–52, 58, 90, 94–95, 99–100, 106, 109–110, 112–113, 128, 130, 156–157, Ch. 9, Ch. 10, 248 (see also risk & security)
    • safety-critical 16, 248
    • safety information 30, Ch. 9
    • safety protocols157
    • signs 13, 17, 220
  • security 3, 5, 15, 18–20, 29, 218–221, 226, 229, Ch. 10 ; (see also risk & safety)
  • self 25, 83, 122, 156, 194
    • self-appraisal44
    • self-assessment 195, 201–204
    • self-at-risk54
    • self-care43
    • self censorship251
    • self-centered248
    • self-control45
    • self-determination 59, 145
    • self-evident220
    • self-exoneration103
    • self-image177
    • self-interest144
    • selfish201
    • self-justifying105
    • self-reflexivity 94, 104–105, 107, 109–111
    • self-repair184
    • self-restraint67
    • threat to self59
  • sensationalism252
  • signage (e.g. COVID-19) 122, Ch. 6, Ch. 9
    • storefront signage Ch. 6
    • public signs 147, Ch. 9
  • simile 49, 52
  • sincerity 176, 193
  • social constructivism 8, 14
  • social work 23–24, 148, 238
  • sociocultural 25, 83, 118, 120, 122, 127, 131, 135
  • sociolinguistic 124–125
  • sociology 15, 29–30, 124, 176
  • socio-political21
  • source 6, 23, 29, 43, 97, 123, 180, 247
    • metaphorical source Ch. 3
    • source credibility Ch. 8
  • speech act16
    • Speech Act Theory219
  • speech synthesis 190, 199–200
  • stakeholder 12, 27–28, 41
  • stance 18, 43–44, 49–50, 59, 95, 106–107, 110, 118, 120, 125, 129–131
    • stance marker 152, 159
  • stereotyping175
  • subjectivity 48, 54–55, 201, 203, 205
    • epistemic 55–56, 58, 112
    • intersubjectivity174
  • surveillance 20, 127–128, 130, 136, 164
  • survey 17, 50–51, 175, 195
  • sustainability 23, 41, 125
  • Swedish vii, 19–20, 30, Ch. 2, 165, Ch. 9
    • Sweden vii, 19, 30, Ch. 2, 165, Ch. 9

T

  • technology 2, 21, 27–29, 121, Part 3, 173–175, 186, 190–191, 195–196, 200–202, 204, 208, 234, 246
    • hazardous technology234
    • nanotechnology22
    • robot technology Ch. 7
    • technology of freedom163
    • technology-mediated communication 190, 192–194
  • terrorism 3, 8, 29, Ch. 10, 247
    • counterterrorism 232–233, 237–238, 240
  • tertium comparationis24
  • testing 91, 93, 96, 115, 119, 123–125, 127, 130, 143
  • tracing 21, 30, 67, 143, 147–148
    • contact tracing Ch. 5
  • transitivity24
  • transparency56
  • translation 50, 69
    • machine translation 29, Ch. 8, 247
  • telephone interaction 16–17, 30, 90–91, 115, Ch. 5, 225
  • trial121
    • clinical trial 30, 32, Ch. 4, 247
  • trust 7, 17, 43, 45, 49, 54, 131–132, 176, 184, 192–194
    • overtrust 175, 184
    • trustworthiness 6–7, 192, 201, 204–205

U

  • United Kingdom Ch. 4
  • uncertainty 5, 18, 22, 57–58, 102, 112, 133, 237, 239, 241, 248, 253
  • United States 18, 22, 68, Ch. 6, 236

V

  • validity92

W

  • war 2, 235–236, 246, 253
    • social justice warrior252
    • war metaphors 65–66, 70–72, 74–78, 80, 82–83
  • warning 96, 105, 122, 128–129, 246
    • warning design 10, 13, 29, 219–220, 222, 224–225, 248
  • workplace 13, 16, 18, 25, 83, 173, 248
  • world
    • conflicts 2, 48, 235
    • of risk management 44, 121
    • and discourse 44, 108
  • World Health Organization (WHO) 13, 90, 119