Subject index

• action-centered approach198

• ad hoc expressions 141–2 ; see also NPs (noun phrases), novel

• adjacency pairs41

• adult-child dialogues 8, 80–3, 97–9
  • adult discourse in 81, 89–92, 99
  • corpus of 84–9
  • use of noun phrases in 89–97

• affiliative stance 183, 192

• allusion, in Indonesian 15–16, 21, 27, 31

• allusive reference 12, 14–21, 23–4, 30–2, 124, 127n4

• ambiguity, referential 29–30

• anaphora 4–5
  • in ordinary language philosophy124
  • zerosee zero pronominalization

• anaphoric reference 94, 126, 129

• antecedents, and indeterminate reference 126–7, 133

• apodosis76

• argumentation, and second person generic expressions 179, 186–95

• Arkisyn corpus 39, 57, 66

• articles, definite/indefinite83

• assessments 35, 41, 51, 142, 156

• association preference196

• audience diversity5

• bonding, social 141–2, 163

• boundedness72

• buildups195

• CallFriend corpus169

• candidate understanding 68, 181

• cataphoric reference125

• CEJC (Corpus of Everyday Japanese Conversation) 143–4

• child language 80–4

• child-directed speech92

• children, use of noun phrases 84–9, 92–4, 97–8 ; see also adult-child dialogues

• clustering 42, 167, 170, 172–4, 174, 178, 194–5, 198

• co-construction 83, 97, 99

• common ground 15–16, 31, 123

• communicative experience81

• complementizer50

• complex informing 179–83, 192–4

• conditional clauses 74–5

• confirmation questions 154–5

• consciousness, of speaker and listener4

• context: clear from 16, 19, 21
  • and referentiality 2–3

• contextualization cues, multimodal8

• controversial subject matter 7, 195

• Conversation Analysis 5, 40, 58, 167–8, 176, 195

• conversation flow 111, 177

• conversational contexts 5, 58, 167, 198

• Cooperative Principle 105–6

• corpus: of adult-child dialogues 84–9
  • Arkisyn 39, 57, 66
  • CallFriend169
  • CEJC 143–4
  • of Finnish 39, 57, 66

• cultural knowledge 128, 136

• curiosity principle196

• de-embodiment 156, 162–3

• definite determiners 83, 90–1, 127

• definiteness 1, 3

• deictic field48

• deictic shifts 40, 45

• deixis: and context2
  • Mayan5
  • in ordinary language philosophy124
  • Deixis am Phantasma 47, 71

• demonstrative pronouns 21, 90, 95, 126–8

• denoting phrases 1–2

• determiners: children’s use of 82–3, 85, 90–1, 97
  • and raha61

• dialogical sequences, identifying 84–9

• dialogue: in development of child language 89–92
  • everydaysee everyday conversation
  • reported 45, 51
  • values of NPs 94–7
  see also adult-child dialogues

• disagreement sequences 183, 188–9, 192

• discourse, reference in 3–4

• discourse context 21, 31, 143

• discourse referentiality 4, 13–14, 16–17, 22–3, 26

• discourse roles 35, 38, 51

• discourse-functional research tradition58

• discursive space 81, 97

• disfluencies135

• divisible nouns 56, 58–9, 67, 72

• dramatic function 168, 170

• dramatization 26–7

• ellipsis 12, 14–15, 103–4, 119

• embodied conduct 36, 45–8, 47, 51

• embodiment 141, 149, 156, 162–3

• Emergent Grammar58

• English: pronoun ellipsis in104
  • referential specificity in 124, 126, 136
  • second person pronoun 38, 168, 195
  • use of generic expressions193

• e-NPs 64–5

• epistemic stance197

• epistemic status 70, 148, 179, 183, 186

• Ethnomethodology 195–6

• everyday conversation 1, 76
  • ad hoc expressions in142
  • children’s 80–1, 89–92
  • indeterminacy and fluidity of reference in 123–36
  • in Indonesiansee Indonesian colloquial conversation
  • in Japanese 103, 108–20
  • in Mandarin Chinesesee Mandarin Chinese conversation

• everyday interactions: corpus analysis of83
  • first and second person forms in38
  • organization of58

• everyday talk-in-interaction 4, 169, 176

• existential utterances 94–6

• explicit reference 12, 24–30
  • and children’s use of NPs95
  • and silent reference 106, 113, 119

• fairly clear continuity22

• filler syllables 85–6, 90

• Finnish 6, 24
  • corpora of 39, 57, 66
  • ‘money’ insee raha
  • person forms in 35–7, 39–41, 40
  • referentiality in61

• first and second person forms: in Finnish corpus 39–40
  • linguistic features and embodied conduct 45–8
  • and open reference 35–8
  • and participation framework 38–9, 48–51
  • sequential contexts 41–4
  see also second person pronouns

• fixed expressions 63, 107

• fluid generality 28–30

• fluidity of reference 6, 8, 12–13, 31–2
  • in everyday conversation 124, 128–36, 168
  • and explicit referents 27–30
  • and indeterminate reference 21–3

• footing: change in 7, 24–30, 38–9, 45, 48, 51
  • referentiality and 12, 24, 32

• frame semantics 103, 105–8, 110, 113, 115, 119–20

• French: determiners in85
  • indefinite pronouns 168, 175

• frequent occurrences 31, 81

• generality 4, 12–14
  • limited 51–2, 167, 175, 195–8
  • locally conditioned 172, 174–6, 178, 194–5
  • shift in 21, 31

• generalizations 5, 7, 26–7

• generalized reference168

• generic expressions36
  • association across speakers194
  • in less dominant conversations178
  • and primary speaker roles177
  • second person 167–70, 178–96
  • truncated181
  • word for ‘person’ or ‘man’ becoming75

• generic statements: in Finnish 37, 63
  • forceful nature of195
  • in Indonesian 23, 30
  • in Mandarin Chinese 175, 183–4
  • as rhetorical device197

• genericity 52, 60–1, 192n6

• givenness 4, 13

• glossing conventions202

• grammar: multimodal approach to142
  • shaped by use 57–8

• grammatical puns161

• hand gestures, Japanese use of 148–9, 153–4, 159–63

• hearers, roles of 38–9

• high transitivity contexts72

• honorifics 116–17, 119

• hypothetical reference24

• hypothetical situations 43–6

• iconicity4

• identifiability 3–4, 13, 58, 67

• identity, continuity of 3, 6, 13, 56, 67–8

• imperfective verbs 59, 66

• impersonal pronouns 35–6, 75–6, 168, 170, 172, 175

• incongruent stancessee stance, congruence

• indefinite determiners 83, 85, 97

• indefinite pronouns 168, 170, 175

• indefiniteness, quantitative 58–9

• indeterminacy of reference 12–13, 31–2, 107, 123
  • in child language 80–1, 83, 94, 96
  • in everyday conversation 125–8, 132–5
  • and explicit reference24
  • and fluidity23
  • and inferability 108, 110–11
  • particular 17–19
  • of pronominal forms124
  • in sequence 19–21
  • as unproblematic 6–8

• indexical expressions 5, 196–7
  • indeterminate 127–8

• Indonesian7

• Indonesian colloquial conversation 7, 11–13
  • allusive reference 14–23, 124
  • explicit reference 24–30
  • referentiality in 31–2

• inferables 103, 105, 119–20
  • ambiguous 116–17
  • ensuring specific 117–19
  • indeterminate 108–13
  • latent resolution of 113–16

• inferentiality 107–19

• information flow 4, 6
  • and Indonesian conversation 12–13, 16, 31

• instantiation of unmentioned elements 103, 106, 110, 113, 115

• intention, speaker’s 3–4

• interaction: and language acquisition83
  • and referentiality 4–8

• interactional demands 167, 198

• interactional functions 36, 40–1, 170

• interactional linguistics 40, 58
  • and interactionism81
  • and novel expressions142

• interactionism81

• interactive processes 162, 194, 197

• intersubjectivity 8, 52
  • and generic pronouns 169, 195
  • and referential resources136

• intonation8

• intonation units 14, 143, 171, 173

• irrealis contexts 61, 63, 65, 71–2, 75–6

• Japanese 8, 103
  • allusive reference in 15–16, 103–10, 120, 124
  • creation of novel expressions 142–62

• kinesic movements, narrative45

• knowledge, shared 16, 85, 93

• labelling 15, 80–1, 84, 88, 92, 94–8

• language acquisition 80, 82–3

• language development 86, 98

• language habits2

• laughter: in Finnish conversation 70–1, 74
  • in Japanese word creation 8, 154, 157, 161–3

• limited statements 174, 195

• linguistic knowledge, general106

• lists, turning into unified NP 150–6

• logicians 1–2

• low transitivity contexts66

• Mandarin Chinese7
  • second person expressions in 42, 51, 168–9

• Mandarin Chinese conversation 169–97
  • general broad patterns in 172–8
  • limited generality 195–7
  • preference for clusters 194–5

• manipulation: of referentiality 141–2, 163–4
  • of speaker perspectives195

• Maxim of Quantity 106–7

• Maya5

• meaning, construction of82

• metalinguistic function 168, 170

• metonymic inference134

• minimization, preference for6

• modal constructions82

• money, category of 56, 61

• morals and truisms 168, 174–5, 195

• multimodal approach to grammar 142, 169

• multi-party conversation168

• Murriny Patha124

• negated clauses 61, 65

• NINJAL (National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics)143

• nominal expressions 12–14, 81

• nonreferential NPs 12, 142, 162

• nonreferentiality1
  • in child language 80–2, 84
  • and predications57
  • in use of raha 63–6, 69, 71, 74

• nonsense NPs 157, 163–4

• nonspecific reference 84, 168

• normativity168

• noun phrasessee NPs

• nouns, potential and actual2

• novel expressionssee NPs (noun phrases), novel

• NPs (noun phrases): in adult-child dialogues 80, 83–4, 89–99
  • and anaphora4
  • definite 1–3, 85, 89–91, 96, 128, 136
  • explicit 31, 109n6, 114n7
  • generic88
  • indefinite 81–2, 96
  • indeterminate 94–5, 98, 125–7
  • isolated 85–7, 97–8
  • lexical12
  • novel 141–3, 148, 154, 156, 161–4
  • and referentiality 30–1

• null-arguments105

• onomatopoeia: creating novel expressions from 7, 141, 143–9
  • phrasal reanalysis of 156–7

• open reference of personal forms 35–7, 39–43, 40, 46–8, 51–2

• Ordinary Language Philosophy 123–4

• origo 35, 45, 47, 50–1

• overlap, in Japanese word creation 8, 143, 148, 157, 162

• participation framework 35–6, 38–40
  • modulating 48–51

• partitive case, in Finnish 58–9, 61–7, 69, 71

• person reference5

• personal experience, accounts of 35, 41–3, 50–1

• personal pronouns167
  • in Finnish35
  • in Indonesian 15, 22, 28–30
  see also first and second person forms
  • open reference of personal forms
  • second person pronouns

• persuasion, and second person generic expressions 179, 183–6, 188–9, 192–5

• phaticness 141–2, 156, 162–3

• playfulness 7, 142, 162–3

• potential referents 104–5, 107

• potential values 91, 94, 99

• pragmatic particles 16, 148

• pragmatic skills, early 81, 97

• preceding context 89, 92–4

• predicate nominals 20, 66
  • novel NPs as 142, 148–9, 154–6, 164

• predications: about money 56–7, 61–5, 69, 72, 76
  • of generic statements175

• primary speakership167
  • and complex informing 180–1
  • in Mandarin Chinese conversation 172, 176–8, 177, 194
  • and second person generic expressions 197–8

• pro-drop104

• production format38

• progressivity7
  • uninterrupted 31, 128, 131, 135

• pronouns: in child language 82–3
  • ellipsis of104
  • in Finnish 59, 64–5, 76
  • fluidity of reference 129, 131–2, 134
  • in interactional sequence 4–5
  • omitted15
  • referential use of 3, 12, 19, 167–8
  • social indexicality in 28–30
  • without explicit antecedents6
  see also demonstrative pronouns
  • first and second person forms
  • impersonal pronouns
  • indefinite pronouns
  • personal pronouns

• prosodic cues 192, 193

• prosody, enacted 45–6, 51

• qualia theory106n2

• raha 56–7, 76–7
  • declension of60
  • in Finnish grammar 58–60
  • in non-referential use 61–5
  • referential uses of 65–8
  • shifting use in conversation 68–76

• real-time reference 124, 196

• reanalysis, creating novel NPs through 156–62

• reconciliation 184–6, 192, 193

• reference, temporal nature of126

• referent co-construction 8, 52

• referential domain168

• referential expressions: acquisition of82
  • characteristics of12
  • in Conversation Analysis5
  • discourse functions of105

• referential fluiditysee fluidity of reference

• referential indeterminacysee indeterminacy of reference

• referential indices 35–6, 38

• referential nouns 149, 163

• referentiality: and child language 80, 82–4, 87–9, 92–4, 97
  • elusiveness of13
  • and inferables105
  • and inferentiality 107–19
  • interactivity of 162–3
  • key themes in 6–8
  • and nonreferentiality 1, 6, 81–2, 89, 99
  • particular and generic 24–8
  • playfulness of163
  • prior research on 1–6
  • shifts in 6–7, 11–12, 21, 23–4, 32
  • and singular-plural distinction 57, 60, 68, 76–7
  • theoretical background 12–14
  see also open reference

• referring expressions 1–4, 52, 82, 98

• referring practices 12–14, 16, 19, 23, 124

• Relevance Theory196

• repetition, intense162

• reported speech: attribution of26
  • change in footing to 7, 39
  • direct43
  • generic pronouns in 169, 172
  • markers of 45, 50–1

• resistance stance192

• response particles43

• return pop5

• scope of reference 37, 167–8, 175–6, 195, 198

• second person pronouns, generic use of 38, 167–70, 172–6, 174, 180, 188, 195–8 ; see also generic expressions

• semantic theory 103, 105

• sequential contexts 36, 40–2

• sequential features 41, 168

• shifters38

• shifting reference 123–4, 129–30, 132, 134–6

• silent reference 104, 120

• singular-plural distinction 56–7, 68, 72, 76

• situational insertion 168, 175

• social action1
  • and indeterminacy12
  • and referentiality 31–2

• social goals 6–8

• social indexicality 28–9

• sociocultural information116

• solidarity 169, 195

• spatio-temporal frames 8, 45, 51–2

• specificity 1, 13, 52
  • as interactionally motivated 60–1
  • shifts in8

• speech genres98

• stance: affiliative 183, 192
  • congruence 7, 167, 181, 183–4, 186, 191, 197–8

• stative predicates57

• subject referents 20–1, 117

• suffixes: creating novel expressions 142, 164
  • for verbal person 37, 39, 41, 59–60, 68

• switch reference, non-explicit 111–13

• syntactic arguments, unexpressed 19, 104

• Tagalog articles12

• thematic sequences 6, 86–7, 97–8

• third person referential categories196

• topic continuity4

• topic NPs, in Japanese 143, 146, 149–50, 155–6, 162–3

• transcription conventions 122, 201–2

• TRUST-ENSURE principle 103, 105–6

• turn-taking168

• uncertainty, in child language80

• understanding: demonstrating181
  • network of106
  • shared 72, 127

• unexpressed referents 16, 19, 136

• universal statements 174, 178, 194

• vantage point48

• verb tense16n2

• verbal person markers35

• voice modulation 45, 51

• voice quality50

• voices-effect, layering of51

• word creation 141–2

• zero pronominalization 104, 107

• zero-mentioned referents71

• zero-person constructions 37, 42–4, 63, 72, 74