Emotion metaphors in an awakening language
Kaurna, the language of the Adelaide Plains
Kaurna, the language of the Adelaide Plains, is an awakening language
undergoing revival since 1989 (Amery 2016).
Though little knowledge of Kaurna remains in the oral tradition and no sound recordings of
the language as it was spoken in the nineteenth century exist, a surprising number and
range of emotion terms were documented. A great many of these involve the
tangka ‘liver’ followed by kuntu ‘chest’,
wingku ‘lungs’, yurni ‘throat’ and
yurlu ‘forehead’, whilst mukamuka ‘brain’ and
yuri ‘ear’ are involved in cognition. The role of
pultha ‘heart’ is minimal. But these are not the only means to talk
about emotions. Muiyu ‘pit of the stomach’, a more elusive term, which
may or may not be located in a body part and yitpi ‘seed’ are also
central to emotions. These three terms tangka ‘liver’,
muiyu ‘pit of the stomach’ and yitpi ‘seed’, appear to
be viewed by Teichelmann & Schürmann (1840)
and especially Teichelmann (1857) as seats of
emotion. In addition, there are a range of other means to express emotion, simple verbs
and interjections.
This paper will discuss in detail the historical documentation, its
interpretation and the ways in which this documentation is used today. In the context of
re-introducing a reclaimed language, such as Kaurna, how to talk about emotions can become
the topic of serious and sometimes unresolved debate. The title of a book of poetry (Proctor & Gale 1997) ended up having two
translations, one involving tangka ‘liver’ and the other
pultha ‘heart’. Historical phrases expressing emotions are often
co-opted in names, speeches, poetry and written texts.
Article outline
-
1.Kaurna, the language of the Adelaide Plains
- 2.Re-awakening Kaurna
- 3.The expression of emotion in the Kaurna language
- 3.1
Tangka ‘liver’ as opposed to pultha ‘heart’ and
munthu ‘belly’
- 3.2
Kuntu ‘chest’
- 3.3
Wingku ‘lungs’
- 3.4
Yurni ‘throat’
- 3.5Parts of the head: Yurlu ‘forehead’ and kurdu
‘crown’
- 3.6
Kaaru ‘blood’
- 3.7
Warpu ‘bone’
- 3.8Body part plus body part expressions
- 3.9Other body parts and attributes
- 4.Other nouns related to emotions
- 5.Non-compositional emotion words
- 6.Non-compositional emotion verbs
- 7.Emotive interjections
- 8.Cognition in the Kaurna language
- 9.The expression of emotion and cognition within a re-awakened Kaurna
- 9.1Body metaphors
- 9.2Expressive clitics
- 10.Conclusion
- Notes
-
References
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