The types of cues that help you learn

Despite a considerable amount of research conducted on the development of tense/aspect (TA) usage in English by second language (L2) learners, nuances in uses of TAs remain elusive to many L2 learners of English: the grammatical accounts proposed appear difficult to apply as they are either too general or too specific and fail to provide learners with a conceptual understanding of the system. Merging insights from psychological models of learning, corpus-based, and cognitive linguistics approaches to second language acquisition we use the results of computational simulations of learning of the TA system conducted by Romain et al. (2022) and propose an approach to TA teaching that focuses on the cues that have been identified as crucial for accurate TA use. Our pedagogical approach draws learners’ attention not so much to the cues themselves but to the type of cues that are the most reliable in the choice of different TA combinations. This approach allows teachers to equip learners with a long-term learning strategy that will help them focus on the most useful type of information, and thus gradually build up a bank of knowledge specific to each TA combination.