An initial description of syntactic extensions in spoken Czech
This paper aims to describe different patterns of syntactic extensions of turns-at-talk in mundane conversations in Czech. Within
interactional linguistics, same-speaker continuations of possibly complete syntactic structures have been described for
typologically diverse languages, but have not yet been investigated for Slavic languages. Based on previously established
descriptions of various types of extensions (Vorreiter 2003; Couper-Kuhlen & Ono 2007), our initial description shall therefore contribute to the cross-linguistic
exploration of this phenomenon. While all previously described forms for continuing a turn-constructional unit seem to exist in
Czech, some grammatical features of this language (especially free word order and strong case morphology) may lead to problems in
distinguishing specific types of syntactic extensions. Consequently, this type of language allows for critically evaluating the
cross-linguistic validity of the different categories and underlines the necessity of analysing syntactic phenomena within their
specific action contexts.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 1.1Turn extensions in various languages
- 1.2Some basic grammatical features of Czech relevant for turn extension
- 1.3Different types of syntactic extensions
- 1.4Data
- 2.Analysis
- 2.1Non-add-ons
- 2.2Add-ons
- 2.2.1Replacements
- 2.2.2Increments
- 2.2.2.1Insertables
- 2.2.2.2Glue-ons
- 2.2.2.3Free constituents
- 3.Discussion
- 3.1The difference between replacements and glue-ons in Czech
- 3.2The difference between glue-ons and insertables
- 3.3TCU continuation vs. TCU extension in Czech
- 4.Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
-
References
References
Altmann, Hans
1981 Formen der “Herausstellung” im Deutschen. Tübingen: Niemeyer.


Auer, Peter
1991 “
Vom Ende deutscher Sätze.”
Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik 191: 139–157.


Auer, Peter
1996 “
On the Prosody and Syntax of Turn-Continuations.” In
Prosody in Conversation. Interactional Studies, ed. by
Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen, and
Margret Selting, 57–100. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Auer, Peter
2005 “
Projection in Interaction and Projection in Grammar.”
Text 25 (1): 7–36.


Auer, Peter
2006 “
Increments and More. Anmerkungen zur augenblicklichen Diskussion über die Erweiterbarkeit von Turnkonstruktionseinheiten.” In
Grammatik und Interaktion. Untersuchungen zum Zusammenhang von grammatischen Strukturen und Gesprächsprozessen, ed. by
Arnulf Deppermann,
Reinhard Fiehler, and
Thomas Spranz-Fogasy, 279–294. Radolfzell: Verlag für Gesprächsforschung.

Auer, Peter
2009 “
On-line Syntax: Thoughts on the Temporality of Spoken Language.”
Language Sciences 311: 1–13.


Auer, Peter, Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen, and Frank E. Müller
(eds) 1999 Language in Time. The Rhythm and Tempo of Spoken Interaction. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Birkner, Karin, Sofie Henricson, Camilla Lindholm, et al.
2010 “
Retraction Patterns and Self-Repair in German and Swedish Prepositional Phrases.”
InLiSt – Interaction and Linguistic Structures 461: 1–32.

Bolden, Galina B.
2008 “
Reopening Russian Conversations: The Discourse Particle -to and the Negotiation of Interpersonal Accountability in Closings.”
Human Communication Research 341: 99–136.


Bolden, Galina B.
2016 “
A Simple Da?: Affirming Responses to Polar Questions in Russian Conversation.”
Journal of Pragmatics 1001: 40–58.


Čechová, Marie, Miloš Dokulil, Zdeněk Hlavsa, et al.
1996 Čeština: řeč a jazyk. Prague: ISV nakladatelství.

Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth
2012 “
Turn Continuation and Clause Combinations.”
Discourse Processes 49 (3–4): 273–299.


Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth, and Tsuyoshi Ono
Cvrček, Václav, Vilém Kodýtek, Marie Kopřivová, et al.
2010 Mluvnice současné češtiny. 1: Jak se píše a jak se mluví. Prague: Karolinum.

Daneš, František
(ed) 1974 Papers on Functional Sentence Perspective. Prague/The Hague/Paris: Academia/Mouton.

Daneš, František, Miroslav Grepl, and Zdeněk Hlavsa
(eds) 1987 Mluvnice češtiny 31. Prague: Academia.

Firbas, Jan
1992 Functional Sentence Perspective in Written and Spoken Communication. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press.


Ford, Cecilia E., Barbara A. Fox, and Sandra A. Thompson
(eds) 2002 The Language of Turn and Sequence. New York: Oxford University Press.

Ford, Cecilia E., Barbara A. Fox, and Sandra A. Thompson
2002 “
Constituency and the Grammar of Turn Increments.” In
The Language of Turn and Sequence, ed. by
Cecilia E. Ford,
Barbara A. Fox, and
Sandra A. Thompson, 14–38. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ford, Cecilia E., Barbara A. Fox, and Sandra A. Thompson
2013 “
Units and/or Action Trajectories?” In
Units of Talk – Units of Action, ed. by
Beatrice Szczepek Reed, and
Geoffrey Raymond, 13–55. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.


Ford, Cecilia E., Sandra A. Thompson, and Veronika Drake
2012 “
Bodily-Visual Practices and Turn Continuation.”
Discourse Processes 49 (3–4): 192–212.


Geluykens, Ronald
1987 “
Tails as a Repair Mechanism in English Conversations.” In
Getting One’s Word into Line. On Word Order and Functional Grammar, ed. by
Jan Nuyts, and
George de Schutter, 119–130. Dordrecht: Foris.


Geluykens, Ronald
1994 The Pragmatics of Discourse Anaphora in English: Evidence from Conversational Repair. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.


Goodwin, Charles
1979 “
The Interactive Construction of a Sentence in Natural Conversation.” In
Everyday Language: Studies in Ethnomethodology, ed. by
George Psathas, 97–121. New York: Irvington Publishers.

Goodwin, Charles
1981 Conversational Organization. Interaction between Speakers and Hearers. New York: Academic Press.

Goodwin, Marjorie H.
1980 “
Processes of Mutual Monitoring Implicated in the Production of Description Sequences.”
Sociological Inquiry 501: 303–317.


Grepl, Miroslav, and Petr Karlík
1985 Skladba spisovné češtiny. Prague: Státní pedagogické nakladatelství.

Hajičová, Eva, Barbara H. Partee, and Petr Sgall
(eds) 1998 Topic-Focus Articulation, Tripartite Structures, and Semantics Content. Dordrecht: Kluwer.


Hakulinen, Auli, and Margret Selting
Hausenblas, Karel
1958 “
Syntaktická závislost, způsoby a prostředky jejího vyjadřování.”
Bulletin Vysoké školy ruského jazyka 21: 23–51.

Havránek, Bohuslav, and Alois Jedlička
1963 Česká mluvnice. Prague: Státní pedagogické nakladatelství.

Hoffmannová, Jana, and Jiří Zeman
2017 “
Výzkum syntaxe mluvené češtiny: inventarizace problémů.”
Slovo a slovenost 781: 45–66.

Horlacher, Anne-Sylvie
2007 “
La dislocation à droite comme ressource pour l’alternance des tours de parole: vers une syntaxe incrémentale.”
Travaux neuchâtelois de linguistique 471: 117–136.

Horlacher, Anne-Sylvie
2015 La dislocation à droite revisitée. Une approche interactionniste. Louvain-la-Neuve: De Boeck


Hronek, Jiří, and Petr Sgall
1992 Čeština bez příkras. Prague: H&H.

Im, Hangyeong
2004 “
Increments and Phonetic Analysis in Korean.”
The Journal of Linguistics Science 11: 365–386.

Imo, Wolfgang
2012 “
Ellipsen, Inkremente und Fragmente aus interaktionaler Perspektive.”
gidi Arbeitspapiere 451: 1–28.

Iwasaki, Shimako
2009 “
Initiating Interactive Turn Spaces in Japanese Conversation: Local Projection and Collaborative Action.”
Discourse Processes 46 (2–3): 226–246.


Jefferson, Gail
1973 “
A Case of Precision Timing in Ordinary Conversation: Overlapped Tag-Positioned Address Terms in Closing Sequences.”
Semiotica IX (1): 47–96.

Jefferson, Gail
1983 “
Notes on Some Orderlinesses of Overlap Onset.”
Tilburg Papers in Language and Literature 281: 1–28.

Kaderka, Petr, and Zdeňka Svobodová
2006 “
Jak přepisovat audiovizuální záznam rozhovoru? Manuál pro přepisovatele televizních diskusních pořadů.”
Jazykovědné aktuality 43 (3–4): 18–51.

Karlík, Petr, Marek Nekula, and Zdenka Rusínová
(eds) 1995 Příruční mluvnice češtiny. Prague: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny.

Kim, Kyu-hyun
2001 “
Turn-Constructional Practice in Korean Conversation: Organization of Turn Increments.”
Language Research 37 (4): 885–922.

Kodýtek, Vilém
2007 “
Mluvená čeština v Praze a Brně: sonda do mluvených korpusů.”
Slovo a slovesnost (11): 23–37.

Koike, Chisato
2003 “
An Analysis of Increments in Japanese Conversation in Terms of Syntax and Prosody.” In
Japanese/Korean Linguistics 111, ed. by
P. M. Clancy, 67–80. Stanford: CSLI.

Krekoski, Ross
2012 “
Clausal Continuations in Japanese.”
Discourse Processes 49 (3–4): 300–313.


Laury, Ritva
2012 “
Syntactically Non-Integrated Finnish Jos ‘If’-Conditional Clauses as Directives.”
Discourse Processes 49 (3–4): 213–242.


Lindström, Jan
2006 “
Grammar in the Service of Interaction: Exploring Turn Organization in Swedish.”
Research on Language and Social Interaction 39 (1): 81–117.


Luke, Kang-kwong
2012 “
Dislocation or Afterthought? – A Conversation Analytic Account of Incremental Sentences in Chinese.”
Discourse Processes 49 (3–4): 338–365.


Luke, Kang-kwong, Sandra A. Thompson, and Tsuyoshi Ono
2012 “
Turns and Increments: A Comparative Perspective.”
Discourse Processes 49 (3–4): 155–162.


Luke, Kang-kwong, and Wei Zhang
Mathesius, Vilém
1939 “
O tak zvaném aktuálním členění větném.”
Slovo a slovesnost 51: 171–174.

Mathesius, Vilém
1942 “
Řeč a sloh.” In
Čtení o jazyce a poezii, ed. by
Bohuslav Havránek, and
Jan Mukařovský, 11–102. Prague: Družstevní práce.

Mondada, Lorenza
2013 “
Multimodal Interaction.” In
Body – Language – Communication: An International Handbook on Multimodality in Human Interaction, ed. by
Cornelia Müller,
Alan Cienki,
Ellen Fricke et al., 577–589. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.

Mondada, Lorenza
2015 “
Multimodal Completions.” In
Temporality in Interaction, ed. by
Arnulf Deppermann, and
Susanne Günthner, 267–307. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Naughton, James
2005 Czech. An Essential Grammar. London/New York: Routledge.

Nekvapil, Jiří
1991 “
The Syntactic Process of Parcellation and Supplementation and Their Results: Parcellated Formations and Supplemented Formations.” In
Neue Fragen der Linguistik. Akten des 25. linguistischen Kolloquiums, Paderborn 1990, ed. by
Elisabeth Feldbusch,
Reiner Pogarell, and
Cornelia Weiss, 329–333. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.

Ochs, Elinor, Emanuel A. Schegloff, and Sandra A. Thompson
(eds) 1996 Interaction and Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Ogiermann, E., and Jörg Zinken
2011 “
How to Propose an Action as Objectively Necessary: the Case of Polish Trzeba x (“one needs to x”).”
Research on Language & Social Interaction 44 (3): 263–287.


Ono, Tsuyoshi, and Sandra Thompson
1994 “
Unattached NPs in English Conversation.”
Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 20 (1): 402–419.


Panevová, Jarmila, Eva Hajičová, Václava Kettnerová, et al.
2014 Mluvnice současné češtiny. 2: Syntax češtiny na základě anotovaného korpusu. Prague: Karolinum.

Sacks, Harvey, Emanuel A. Schegloff, and Gail Jefferson
1974 “
A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-Taking for Conversation.”
Language 501: 696–735.


Schegloff, Emanuel A.
1972 “
Notes on a Conversational Practice: Formulating Place.” In
Studies in Social Interaction, ed. by
David Sudnow, 75–119. New York: MacMillan, The Free Press.

Schegloff, Emanuel A.
1987 “
Recycled Turn Beginnings: A Precise Repair Mechanism in Conversation’s Turn-taking Organization.” In
Talk and Social Organization, ed. by
Graham Button, and
John R. E. Lee, 70–85. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Schegloff, Emanuel A.
1996 “
Turn Organization: One Intersection of Grammar and Interaction.” In
Interaction and Grammar, ed. by
Elinor Ochs,
Emanuel A. Schegloff, and
Sandra A. Thompson, 52–133. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Schegloff, Emanuel A.
2000a “
On Turns’ Possible Completion, More or Less: Increments and Trail-offs.” Paper delivered at the 1st Euroconference on Interactional Linguistics (Spa, Belgium).
Schegloff, Emanuel A.
2000b “
Overlapping Talk and the Organization of Turn-Taking for Conversation.”
Language in Society 29 (1): 1–63.


Schegloff, Emanuel A.
2001 “
Conversation Analysis: A Project in Process – ‘Increments’.” Forum lecture delivered at the LSA Linguistic Institute, University of California Santa Barbara: 1–22.

Selting, Margret
1994 “
Konstruktionen am Satzrand als interaktive Ressource in natürlichen Gesprächen.” In
Was determiniert Wortstellungsvariation? Studien zu einem Interaktionsfeld von Grammatik, Pragmatik und Sprachtypologie, ed. by
Brigitta Haftka, 229–318. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.


Selting, Margret, and Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen
Selting, Margret, Peter Auer, Dagmar Barth-Weingarten, et al.
2009 “
Gesprächsanalytisches Transkriptionssystem 2 (GAT 2).”
Gesprächsforschung Online 101: 353–402.

Seppänen, Eeva-Leena, and Ritva Laury
Sgall, Petr
1982 “
Zur Typologie der Thema-Rhema-Gliederung.” In
Studien zum Tschechischen, Slowakischen und Deutschen aus vergleichender Sicht, ed. by
Gert Jäger,
Václav Křístek, and
Jozef Mistrík, 173–185. Leipzig: Karl-Marx-Universität.

Sidnell, Jack
2012 “
Turn-Continuation by Self and by Other.”
Discourse Processes 49 (3–4): 314–337.


Tanaka, Hiroko
2000 “
Turn Projection in Japanese Talk-in-Interaction.”
Research on Language and Social Interaction 33 (1): 1–38.


Thielemann, Nadine, and Peter Kosta
Townsend, Charles E.
1990 A Description of Spoken Prague Czech. Columbus: Slavica Publishers.

Vorreiter, Susanne
2003 “
Turn Continuations: Towards a Cross-Linguistic Classification.”
Interaction and Linguistic Structures 391: 1–25.

Wilson, James
2010 Moravians in Prague. A Sociolinguistic Study of Dialect Contact in the Czech Republic. Frankfurt/Berlin/Brussels: Peter Lang.

Zhang, Wei
2012 “
Latching/Rush-Through as a Turn-Holding Device and its Functions in Retrospectively Oriented Pre-Emptive Turn Continuation: Findings from Mandarin Conversation.”
Discourse Processes 49 (3–4): 163–191.


Zinken, Jörg, and Eva Ogiermann
2013 “
Responsibility and Action: Invariants and Diversity in Requests for Objects in British English and Polish Interaction.”
Research on Language and Social Interaction 46 (3): 256–276.


Cited by
Cited by 3 other publications
Oloff, Florence
2022.
The Particle Jako (“Like”) in Spoken Czech: From Expressing Comparison to Mobilizing Affiliative Responses.
Frontiers in Psychology 12

Pekarek Doehler, Simona, Yael Maschler, Leelo Keevallik & Jan Lindström
Pekarek Doehler, Simona, Hilla Polak-Yitzhaki, Xiaoting Li, Ioana Maria Stoenica, Martin Havlík & Leelo Keevallik
2021.
Multimodal Assemblies for Prefacing a Dispreferred Response: A Cross-Linguistic Analysis.
Frontiers in Psychology 12

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 17 april 2022. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.