Salience and shift in salience as means of creating discourse coherence
The case of the Chipaya enclitics
Katja Hannß | Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich | University of Cologne
The Chipaya language, an endangered isolate of the Bolivian highlands, has a set of three enclitics, =l, =m and =ʐ, which are coreferential with the subject of a clause but are not necessarily attached to it and are not obligatory. In this paper, I investigate the pragmatic function of these forms. The salience-marking enclitics (henceforth SMEs) occur at paratactic and hypotactic discourse transitions, where they indicate a shift in salience, thereby contributing to creating discourse coherence. Discourse transitions without a shift in salience are not accompanied by the enclitics. Those enclitics that occur at paratactic transitions have scope over at least the segment whose beginning and/or end they occur in, whereas SMEs at hypotactic transitions have scope over the clause they appear in. Use of the SMEs is genre-specific.
2007 “Threatened Languages in Hispanic South America.” In Language Diversity Endangered, ed. by Matthias Brenzinger, 9–28. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Adelaar, Willem, and Pieter Muysken
2004The Languages of the Andes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.
2002 “Typological Parameters for the Study of Clitics, with Special Reference to Tariana.” In Word: A Cross-Linguistic Typology, ed. by Robert M. W. Dixon, and Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald, 42–78. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2006El chipaya o la lengua de los hombres del agua [Chipaya or the Language of the People of the Water]. Lima: Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
Cerrón-Palomino, Rodolfo
2009 “Chipaya.” In Lenguas de Bolivia [Languages of Bolivia]. Volume I1: Ámbito andino [Andean Sphere], ed. by Mily Crevels, and Pieter Muysken, 29–77. La Paz: Plural Editores.
Cerrón-Palomino, Rodolfo, and Enrique Ballón Aguirre
2011Chipaya: Léxico-etnotaxonomía [Chipaya: Lexical Ethnotaxonomy]. Lima: Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú and Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen: Centre for Language Studies.
Chafe, Wallace
1980 “The Deployment of Consciousness in the Production of a Narrative.” In The Pear Stories: Cognitive, Cultural, and Linguistic Aspects of Narrative Production, ed. by Wallace Chafe, 9–50. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Company.
Chiarcos, Christian
2011 “The Mental Salience Framework: Context-Adequate Generation of Referring Expressions.” In Salience: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Its Function in Discourse, ed. by Michael Grabski, Claus Berry, and Christian Chiarcos, 105–139. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Coulmas, Florian
(ed.)1986Direct and Indirect Speech. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Dokumentation bedrohter Sprachen (DobeS)
[Documentation of Endangered Languages]. [URL] (8April2021).
Gardner-Chloros, Penelope
2009Code-Switching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gerlach, Birgit, and Janet Grijzenhout
2000 “Clitics from Different Perspectives.” In Clitics in Phonology, Morphology and Syntax, ed. by Birgit Gerlach, and Janet Grijzenhout, 1–29. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Grimes, Joseph E.
1975The Thread of Discourse. The Hague/Paris: Mouton.
Gumperz, John J.
1982Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hannß, Katja
2008Uchumataqu. The Lost Language of the Urus of Bolivia. A Grammatical Description of the Language as Documented between 1894 and 1952. Leiden: CNWS.
Hannß, Katja
accepted. “The Expression of Directed Caused Accompanied Motion (CAM) Events in Chipaya.” In Caused Accompanied Motion: Bringing and Taking Events in a Cross-Linguistic Perspective ed. by Birgit Hellwig, Anna Margetts, and Sonja Riesberg Amsterdam John Benjamins
Holt, Elizabeth
1996 “Reporting on Talk: The Use of Direct Reported Speech in Conversation.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 291: 219–245.
Howard-Malverde, Rosaleen
1990 “Introduction.” In Liliane Porterie-Gutiérrez (author), “Documentos para el estudio de la lengua chipaya [Documents for the Study of the Chipaya Language].” Amerindia 151: 157–191. [URL] (27December 2019).
Longacre, Robert E.
1996The Grammar of Discourse. Second edition. New York/London: Plenum Press.
Myers Scotton, Carol
1983 “The Negotiation of Identities in Conversation: A Theory of Markedness and Code Choice.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 441: 115–136.
Olawsky, Knut J.
2006A Grammar of Urarina. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Olson, Ronald D.
1967 “The Syllable in Chipaya.” International Journal of American Linguistics 331: 300–304.
Porterie-Gutiérrez, Liliane
1990 “Documentos para el estudio de la lengua chipaya [Documents for the Study of the Chipaya Language].” Amerindia 151: 157–191. [URL] (27December 2019).
Redeker, Gisela
2006 “Discourse Markers as Attentional Cues at Discourse Transitions.” In Approaches to Discourse Particles, ed. by Kerstin Fischer, 339–358. Oxford/Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Redeker, Gisela, and Helmut Gruber
2014 “Introduction: The Pragmatics of Discourse Coherence.” In The Pragmatics of Discourse Coherence, ed. by Helmut Gruber, and Gisela Redeker, 1–22. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Schiffrin, Deborah
1987Discourse Markers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Siewierska, Anna
2004Person. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 5 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.