Article published In:
PragmaticsVol. 9:2 (1999) ► pp.281–312
Universalistic and culture-specific perspectives on variation in the acquisition of pragmatic competence in a second language
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 license.
References
Austin, J.L.
(1962) How to do things with words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Beebe, L.M., and T. Takahashi
(1989) Sociolinguistic variation in face-threatening speech acts: Chastisement and disagreement. In M.R. Eisenstein (ed.), The dynamic interlanguage: Empirical studies in second language variation. New York: Plenum., pp. 199–218. 
Blom, J., and J. Gumperz
(1972) Social meaning in linguistic structures: Code-switching in Norway. In J. Gumperz & D. Hymes (eds.), Directions in sociolinguistics. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, pp. 407–34. BoP
Blum-Kulka, S.
(1983) Interpreting and performing speech acts in a second language: A cross-cultural study of Hebrew and English. In N. Wolfson & E. Judd (eds.), Sociolinguistics and language acquisition. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, pp. 36–55. BoP
(1985) The multifunctionality of discourse markers: The case of requests. Theoretical Linguistics 121: 213–29.
(1987) Indirectness and politeness in requests: Same or different? Journal of Pragmatics 111: 131–46. BoP
BoP
(1989) Playing it safe: The role of conventionality in indirectness. In S. Blum-Kulka, J. House, & G. Kasper (eds.), Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies. Norwood, NJ: Ablex., pp. 37-70. BoP
Blum-Kulka, S., B. Danet, and R. Gherson
(1985) The language of requesting in Israeli society. In J. Forgas (ed.), Language and social situation. New York: Springer Verlag, pp. 113–141. BoP
BoPBlum-Kulka, S., and J. House
(1989) Cross-cultural and situational variation in requesting behavior. In S. Blum-Kulka, J. House, & G. Kasper (eds.), Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, pp. 123–173. BoP
Blum-Kulka, S., J. House, and G. Kasper
Brown, P., and S. Levinson
(1978) Universals of language usage: Politeness Phenomena. In E. Goody (ed.), Questions and politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 56–234.
(1987) Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Clyne, M., M. Ball, and D. Neil
(1991) Intercultural communication at work in Australia: Complaints and apologies in turns. Multilingua 101: 251–73.
Cohen, J.
(1960) A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational Psychological Measurement 201: 37–46.
Fserch, C, and G. Kasper
(1989) Internal and external modification in interlanguage request realization. In S. Blum-Kulka, J. House, & G. Kasper (eds.), Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, pp. 221–247. BoP
Fraser, B.
(1985) On the universality of speech act strategies. In S. George (ed.), From the linguistic to the social context. Bologna, Italy: CLUEB, pp. 43–49.
Fukushima, S.
(1990) Offers and requests: Performance by Japanese learners of English. World Englishes 91:317-25. BoP
BoPGreen, G.
(1975) How to get people to do things with words. In P. Cole & J. Morgan (eds.), Syntax and semantics 3: Speech acts. New York: Academic Press, pp. 107–142.
Grice, H.P.
(1975) Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J. Morgan (eds.), Syntax and semantics, vol. 3: Speech acts. New York: Academic Press, pp. 41–58.
Gu, Y.
Gumperz, J.J.
(1982) Discourse strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ho, D.Y.
(1975) On the concept of face. American Journal of Sociology 81.4: 867–84.
House, J.
(1986) Cross-cultural pragmatics and foreign language teaching. In Seminar für Sprachlehrforschung der Ruhr-Universität Bochum (ed.), Probleme und Perspektiven der Sprachlehrforschung. Frankfurt, Germany: Scriptor, pp. 281–295.
Hu, H.C.
(1944) The Chinese concept of “face”. American Anthropologist 461: 45–65.
Hymes, D.
(1974) Foundation in sociolinguistics: An ethnographic approach. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Katriel, T.
(1986) Talking straight: Dugri speech in Israeli Sabra culture. London: Cambridge University Press. BoP
Kasper, G., and S. Blum-Kulka
(1993) Interlanguagepragmatics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kasper, G., and M. Dahl
(1991) Research methods in interlanguage pragmatics. Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii’ Press. BoP
BoPKirkpatrick, A.
(1991) Information sequencing in Mandarin in letters of request. Anthropological Linguistics 33.2: 183–203.
Leech, G.N.
(1983) Principles of pragmatics. New York: Longman.
Lee-Wong, S.M.
(1994) Imperatives in requests: Direct or impolite observations from Chinese. Pragmatics 4.4:491-515.
Li, C, and S. Thompson
(1981) Mandarin Chinese: Afunctional reference grammar. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Mao, L.
(1994) Beyond politeness theory: “Face” revisited and reviewed. Journal of Pragmatics 21.5: 451–486.
Matsumoto, Y.
(1988) Reexamination of the universality of face: Politeness phenomena in Japanese. Journal of Pragmatics 121: 403–426. BoP
BoP
(1989) Politeness and conversational universals: Observations from Japanese. Multilingua 81:207-21.
Mir, M.
(1993) Direct request can also be polite. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Conference on Pragmatics and Language Learning, 7th, Champaign, IL, April 1–3.
Oliver, R.T.
(1971) Communication and culture in ancient India and China. New York: Syracuse University Press.
Scollon, R., and S. Scollon
(1983) Face in interethnic communication. In I.C. Richards & R.W. Schmidt (eds.), Language and communication. London: Longman, pp. 156–188.
Scollon, R., and S. Wong-Scollon
(1991) Topic confusion in English-Asian discourse. World Englishes 91: 113–123.
Searle, J.R.
(1969) Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
(1975) Indirect speech acts. In P. Cole & J. Morgan (eds.), Syntax and semantics, 3: Speech acts. New York: Academic Press, pp. 59–82.
Wierzbicka, A.
(1991) Cross-cultural pragmatics: The semantics of human interaction. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. BoP.
Wolfson, N.
Wolfson, N., L. D’Amico-Reisner, and L. Huber
(1983) How to arrange for social commitments in American English: The invitation. In N. Wolfson & E. Judd (eds.), Sociolinguistics and language acquisition. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, pp. 116–128. BoP
Zhang, Y.
(1995) Indirectness in Chinese requesting. In G. Kasper (ed.), Pragmatics of Chinese as native and target language. Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii’ Press, pp. 69–118.
Cited by
Cited by 27 other publications
Chang, Miao-Hsia & Ún-giân Iûnn
2021. A corpus-based study of directives in Taiwanese Southern Min. Concentric. Studies in Linguistics 47:2 ► pp. 300 ff. 
Chang, Yuh-Fang
2011. Refusing in a foreign language: An investigation of problems encountered by Chinese learners of English. Multilingua - Journal of Cross-Cultural and Interlanguage Communication 30:1 ► pp. 71 ff.
Chen, Yuan-shan
2015. Developing Chinese EFL learners’ email literacy through requests to faculty. Journal of Pragmatics 75 ► pp. 131 ff.
Chen, Yuan-shan, Chun-yin Doris Chen & Miao-Hsia Chang
2011. American and Chinese complaints: Strategy use from a cross-cultural perspective. Intercultural Pragmatics 8:2
DeCapua, Andrea & Joan Findlay Dunham
2007. The pragmatics of advice giving: Cross-cultural perspectives. Intercultural Pragmatics 4:3
Deng, Jun & Leila Ranta
2019. Improving Chinese EFL Teachers’ English Requests: Does Study Abroad Help?. The Canadian Modern Language Review 75:2 ► pp. 145 ff.
Guan, Xiaowen, Hee Sun Park & Hye Eun Lee
2009. Cross-cultural differences in apology. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 33:1 ► pp. 32 ff.
Halenko, Nicola & Christian Jones
2017. Explicit instruction of spoken requests: An examination of pre-departure instruction and the study abroad environment. System 68 ► pp. 26 ff.
Halenko, Nicola & Lisa Winder
2021. Chapter 4. Experts and novices. In Email Pragmatics and Second Language Learners [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 328], ► pp. 101 ff.
Lin, Ming-Fang, Miao-Hsia Chang & Yu-Fang Wang
2021. “How Dare You Have Another Relationship!”: An analysis of cross-cultural and interlanguage corrections
. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 59:4 ► pp. 449 ff.
Lin, Yuh-Huey
2009. Query preparatory modals: Cross-linguistic and cross-situational variations in request modification. Journal of Pragmatics 41:8 ► pp. 1636 ff.
Park, Hee Sun & Xiaowen Guan
2009. Cross-Cultural Comparison of Verbal and Nonverbal Strategies of Apologizing. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication 2:1 ► pp. 66 ff.
Riley, K. & J. Mackiewicz
2003. Resolving the directness dilemma in document review sessions with nonnative speakers. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication 4:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Schauer, Gila A
2007. Finding the right words in the study abroad context: The development of German learners' use of external modifiers in English. Intercultural Pragmatics 4:2
SERRANI-INFANTE, Silvana
2001. Resonancias discursivas y cortesía en prácticas de lecto-escritura. DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 17:1 ► pp. 31 ff.
SU, I-RU
2010. Transfer of Pragmatic Competences: A Bi-Directional Perspective. The Modern Language Journal 94:1 ► pp. 87 ff.
2016. Pragmatic transferin foreign language learners: a multi-competence perspective. In The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Multi-Competence, ► pp. 298 ff.
Tang, Chihsia
2022. The influence of the addressers’ and the addressees’ gender identities on the addressers’ linguistic politeness behavior. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) ► pp. 477 ff.
Wang, Vincent X.
2009. Pragmatic shifts in two translations of Fusheng Liuji
. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 21:2 ► pp. 209 ff.
Warga, Muriel & Ursula Schölmberger
2007. The acquisition of French apologetic behavior in a study abroad context. Intercultural Pragmatics 4:2
Yu, Ming-chung
2003. On the universality of face: evidence from chinese compliment response behavior. Journal of Pragmatics 35:10-11 ► pp. 1679 ff.
2004. Interlinguistic Variation and Similarity in Second Language Speech Act Behavior. The Modern Language Journal 88:1 ► pp. 102 ff.
2005. Sociolinguistic Competence in the Complimenting Act of Native Chinese and American English Speakers: A Mirror of Cultural Value. Language and Speech 48:1 ► pp. 91 ff.
2011. Learning how to read situations and know what is the right thing to say or do in an L2: A study of socio-cultural competence and language transfer. Journal of Pragmatics 43:4 ► pp. 1127 ff.
Zhu, Weihua
2014. Managing relationships in everyday practice: The case of strong disagreement in Mandarin. Journal of Pragmatics 64 ► pp. 85 ff.
[no author supplied]
2006. Book reviews. mult 25:4 ► pp. 453 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 26 march 2023. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.