Vol. 20:2 (2022) ► pp.476–503
Anti-Muslim semantic framing by politicians, Facebook groups, and violent extremists
Recent studies have shown that semantic framing can reveal bias and racism. The current study introduces a novel method for locating frames in texts, and employs this method to find frames for Muslims, Europeans and Australians in a range of texts by anti-Muslim and non-anti-Muslim authors. The study finds that several derogatory frames previously associated with racism are applied to Muslims in the anti-Muslim texts, supporting studies showing that anti-Muslim bias resembles other forms of racism. Moreover, different frames are preferred by more and less extreme anti-Muslim authors, with certain frames predominating in the manifestos of white supremacist gunmen. These frames may be a warning sign that frame users are potentially prone to violence.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 1.1Racism and semantic framing
- 1.2Previous work on framing and racism
- 1.3Metaphoric and metonymic framing
- 2.Methods
- 2.1Texts examined in the study
- 2.2Identifying frames applied to particular groups
- 3.Results
- 3.1The control texts
- 3.2The political texts
- 3.3The Facebook groups
- 3.4The gunmen’s manifestos
- 4.Discussion
- 4.1Framing of Muslims
- 4.2Framing of Australians and Europeans
- 5.Conclusion
- Notes
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References
https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00119.sul