The polysemy of the Japanese temperature adjective atsui
A behavioral profile analysis
This study adopts a corpus-based behavioral profile approach to explore the semantic relationships among the senses of the Japanese temperature adjective atsui (‘hot’). As a result, the hierarchical cluster analysis represents the distributional (dis)similarity of the ten senses of atsui. Average silhouette width suggests a two-cluster interpretation, which reveals that senses derived from the same experience (sensory or subjective) tend to have similar usage characteristics. The discriminating properties of four subclusters and usage characteristics of each sense have been identified by means of computing t-values. Also, the structure of the hypothesized network has been represented based on the distributional (dis)similarity of the ten senses. The relationships among these ten senses and the usage characteristics identified in this study provide insight into Japanese lexicography. Moreover, as the first attempt to apply the behavioral profile to the investigation of Japanese polysemy, this study holds implications for lexical semantics in Japanese.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Literature review
- 2.1Previous studies on atsui
- 2.2Polysemy in cognitive linguistics
- 3.Methodology
- 3.1The target lexical item and its senses
- 3.2The behavioral profile approach
- 4.Results and discussion
- 4.1Identifying the prototype of atsui
- 4.2Semantic relations of atsui
- 4.2.1General observations
- 4.2.2Discriminating characteristics between clusters
- 4.2.3Semantic relationships between individual senses
- 5.Conclusion
- Notes
- Abbreviations
-
References
References (74)
Atkins, B. T.
(
1987)
Semantic ID tags: Corpus evidence for dictionary senses. In
Proceedings of the third annual conference of the UW Centre for the New Oxford English Dictionary, University of Waterloo, Canada, 17–36.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Backhaus, K., Erichson, B., Gensler, S., Weiber, R., & Weiber, T.
(
2021)
Multivariate analysis: An application-oriented introduction. Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bunkachō [Agency for Cultural Affairs]
(
2014)
Ijidōkun no Kanji no Tsukaiwakerei (Hōkoku) [
examples of Kanji usage for common Ijidōkun (a report)].
[URL]. Accessed 27 August 2022.
Brugman, C.
(
1981)
The story of over. M. A. thesis. University of California, Berkeley.
Brugman, C., & Lakoff, G.
(
1988)
Cognitive topology and lexical networks. In
S. L. Small,
G. W. Cottrell &
M. K. Tanenhaus (Eds.),
Lexical ambiguity resolution (pp. 477–508). San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufman.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cuyckens, H., & Zawada, B. E.
(
2001)
Introduction. In
H. Cuyckens &
B. E. Zawada (Eds.),
Polysemy in Cognitive Linguistics (pp. ix–xxvii). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dewell, R.
(
1994)
Over again: image-schema transformations in semantic analysis.
Cognitive Linguistics,
5
(4), 351–380.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Divjak, D.
(
2006)
Ways of intending: Delineating and structuring near-synonyms. In
S.Th. Gries &
A. Stefanowitsch (Eds.),
Corpora in Cognitive Linguistics: Corpus-based approaches to syntax and lexis (pp. 19–56). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Divjak, D.
(
2010)
Structuring the lexicon. A clustered model for near-synonymy. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Divjak, D., & Gries, S.Th.
(
2006)
Ways of trying in Russian: Clustering behavioral profiles.
Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory,
2
(1), 23–60.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Evans, V.
(
2005)
The meaning of time: Polysemy, the lexicon and conceptual structure.
Journal of Linguistics,
41
(1), 33–75.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Fillmore, C.
(
1985)
Frames and the semantics of understanding.
Quaderni di Semantica
6
1, 222–254.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Firth, J. R.
(
1957)
A synopsis of linguistic theory 1930–1955. In
J. R. Firth (Ed.),
Studies in linguistic analysis (pp. 1–32). Oxford: Blackwell.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Geeraerts, D.
(
1993)
Vagueness’s puzzles, polysemy’s vagaries.
Cognitive Linguistics,
4
(3), 223–272.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Geeraerts, D.
(
2010)
Theories of lexical semantics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Glynn, D.
(
2010a)
Synonymy, lexical fields, and grammatical constructions: A study in usage-based cognitive semantics. In
H. J. Schmid &
S. Handle (Eds.),
Cognitive foundations of linguistic usage patterns (pp. 89–118). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Glynn, D.
(
2010b)
Corpus-driven cognitive semantics. Introduction to the field. In
D. Glynn &
K. Fischer (Eds.),
Quantitative methods in cognitive semantics: Corpus-driven approaches (pp. 1–41). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Glynn, D.
(
2015)
Semasiology and onomasiology: Empirical questions between meaning, naming and context. In
J. Daems,
E. Zenner,
K. Heylen,
D. Speelman &
H. Cuyckens (Eds.),
Change of paradigms – New Paradoxes: Recontextualizing Language and Linguistics (pp. 47–79). Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Glynn, D.
(
2016)
Quantifying polysemy: Corpus methodology for prototype theory.
Folia Linguistica,
50
(2), 413–447.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Glynn, D.
(
2022)
Emergent categories. In
K. Krawczak,
M. Grygiel &
B. Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk (Eds.),
Analogy and Contrast in Language (pp. 245–282). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Glynn, D., & Fischer, K.
(
2010)
Quantitative methods in cognitive semantics: Corpus-driven approaches. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Glynn, D., & Robinson, J.
Gries, S.Th.
(
2006)
Corpus-based methods and cognitive semantics: The many senses of to run
. In
S.Th. Gries &
A. Stefanowitsch (Eds.),
Corpora in Cognitive Linguistics: Corpus-based approaches to syntax and lexis (pp. 57–99). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gries, S.Th.
(
2019)
Chapter 2: Polysemy. In
E. Dąbrowska &
D. Divjak (Eds.),
Cognitive Linguistics – Key topics (pp. 23–43). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gries, S.Th., & Divjak, D.
Gries, S.Th., & Otani, N.
(
2010)
Behavioral profiles: A corpus-based perspective on synonymy and antonymy.
ICAME Journal,
34
1, 121–150.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Harris, Z. S.
(
1954)
Distributional structure.
Word,
10
1, 146–162.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hattori, S.
(
1964)
Igiso no Kōzō to Kinō [Structure and function of the sememe].
Gengo Kenkyū [
Journal of the Linguistic Society of Japan],
45
1, 12–26.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hida, Y., & Asada, H.
(Eds.) (2018) [1991] Genndai keiyōshi yōhō jiten [
Japanese adjectives usage dictionary], 2nd ed. Tokyo: Tokyodo.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Imai, S.
(Ed.) (
2011)
Nihongo Tagigo Gakushū Jiten Keiyōshi-fukushi Hen [
A learner’s dictionary of multi-sense Japanese words: Adjectives & adverbs]. Tokyo: Aruku.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Iori, I.
(Ed.) (2012) [2001] Atarashii Nihongogaku Nyūmon [
An introduction to modern Japanese linguistics], 2nd ed. Tokyo: 3A Corporation.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Jansegers, M., Vanderschueren, C., & Enghels, R.
(
2015)
The polysemy of the Spanish verb sentir: A behavioral profile analysis.
Cognitive Linguistics,
26
(3), 381–421.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kageyama, T.
(
1980)
Nichiei Hikaku Goi no Kouzou [
Japanese-English comparison on the structure of the lexicon]. Tokyo: Shohaksuha.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kitahara, Y.
(Ed.) (
2000)
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten: Dai Ni Ban [
Shogakukan’s Japanese dictionary, 2nd ed.]. Tokyo: Shogakukan.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kovecses, Z.
(2010) [2002] Metaphor: A practical introduction, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kreitzer, A.
(
1997)
Multiple levels of schematization: A study in the conceptualization of space.
Cognitive Linguistics,
8
(4), 291–325.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kunihiro, T.
(
1967)
Kōzō-teki Imi-ron [
Structural semantics: A contrastive study of English and Japanese]. Tokyo: Sanseido.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lakoff, G.
(
1987)
Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Langacker, R. W.
(
1987)
Foundations of cognitive grammar: Volume l Theoretical prerequisites. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Langacker, R. W.
(
2008)
Cognitive grammar: A basic introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Liu, M.
(
2022)
Towards a dynamic behavioral profile of the Mandarin Chinese temperature term re: a diachronic semasiological approach.
Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory (published online).
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
MacWhinney, B.
(
2000)
The CHILDES Project: Tools for analyzing talk. Third Edition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Momiyama, Y.
(
2021)
(Reikai) Nihongo no Tagigo Kenkyū [
(Illustration) Research on polysemy in Japanese]. Tokyo: Taishukan Publishing.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nerlich, B., & Clarke, D. D.
(
2003)
Polysemy and flexibility: Introduction and overview. In
B. Nerlich,
Z. Todd,
V. Herman &
D. D. Clarke (Eds.),
Polysemy: Flexible patterns of meaning in mind and language (pp. 3–30). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Noji, J.
(
1973–77)
Yooji no gengo seikatsu no jittai [
The reality of the language life of young children]
I–IV
1. Tokyo: Bunka Hyoron Shuppan.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Norvig, P., & Lakoff, G.
(
1987)
Taking: A study in lexical network theory. In
J. Aske,
N. Beery,
L. Michaelis &
H. Filip (Eds.),
Proceedings of the thirteenth annual meeting of the Berkeley linguistics society (pp. 195–206). Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistics Society.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ogawa, Y.
(
2016)
Ogawa corpus. Pittsburgh, PA: TalkBank.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rosch, E.
(
1978)
Principles of categorization. In
E. Rosch &
B. B. Lloyd (Eds.),
Cognition and categorization (pp. 27–48). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rosch, E., & Mervis, C. B.
(
1975)
Family resemblances: Studies in the internal structure of categories.
Cognitive Psychology,
7
1, 573–605.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sampson, G.
(
1985)
Writing systems: A linguistic introduction. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sandra, D., & Rice, S.
(
1995)
Network analyses of prepositional meaning: Mirroring whose mind – the linguist’s or the language user’s? Cognitive Linguistics,
6
(1), 89–130.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Schmid, H. J.
(
2000)
English abstract nouns as conceptual shells: From corpus to cognition. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Seto, K.
(
2007)
Metafā to Tagigo no Kijutsu [Metaphor and polysemy description]. In
T. Kusumi (Ed.),
Metafā Kenkyū no Saizensen [
At the forefront of metaphor research] (pp. 31–61). Tokyo: Hituzi Syobo.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Shimodaira, H.
(
2004)
Approximately unbiased tests of regions using multistep-multiscale bootstrap resampling.
Annals of Statistics,
32
(6), 2616–2641.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Shindo, M.
(
1998)
An analysis of metaphorically extended concepts based on bodily experience: A case study of temperature expressions (1).
Papers in Linguistic Science,
4
1, 29–54.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Suzuki, R., & Shimodaira, H.
(
2006)
Pvclust: An R package for assessing the uncertainty in hierarchical clustering.
Bioinformatics,
22
(12), 1540–1542.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Szymor, N.
(
2015)
Behavioral profiling in translation studies.
Trans-kom,
8
(2), 483–498.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Tamura, A.
(
1999)
Ondokankaku o Arawasu-go no Imikakutyō nitsuite [Semantic extension of words for temperature sense].
Gakugei Nihongo Kyōiku [
Journal of Gakugei Japanese language teaching],
2
1, 1–12.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Tyler, A., & Evans, V.
(
2001)
Reconsidering prepositional polysemy networks: the case of over
.
Language,
77
(4), 724–765.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Tyler, A., & Evans, V.
(
2003)
The semantics of English prepositions: Spatial scenes, embodied meaning and cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Watanabe, M.
(
1970)
Goi Kyōiku no Taikei to Hōhō [System and method for education of lexicon]. In
K. Morioka,
M. Nagano &
Y. Miyaji (Eds.),
Kōza Tadashii Nihongo 4: Goi-hen [
Lectures on Correct Japanese 4: Lexicon] (pp. 289–310). Tokyo: Meiji Shoin.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Wittgenstein, L.
(
1953)
Philosophical investigations. Oxford: Blackwell.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Yamada, S.
(
2014)
Imi kara Mita Ijidōkun [A research of Ijidōkun from the perspective of semantics].
Nihongo-gaku [
Japanese Linguistics],
33
(10), 14–22.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Yamaguchi, N.
(
1982)
Kankaku Kanjō Goi no Rekishi [Histori of sensory and emotional lexicon]. In
K. Morioka,
Y. Miyaji,
H. Teramura &
Y. Kawabata (Eds.),
Kōza Nihongo-gaku: Goi-shi [
Lectures on Japanese Linguistics: History of the Lexicon] (pp. 202–227). Tokyo: Meiji Shoin.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Zhang, B.
(
2010)
Guanyu “wenjue xingrongci + mingci” lei yinyu de kaocha. Cong renzhi yuyanxue de jiaodu [An examination of the “temperature adjectives + noun” metaphor: from the perspective of cognitive linguistics].
Riyu xuexi yu yanjiu [
Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research],
5
1, 56–62.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cited by (1)
Cited by 1 other publications
Bębeniec, Daria
2024.
In search of methodological standards for corpus-based cognitive semantics: The case of Behavioral Profiles.
Studia Neophilologica ► pp. 1 ff.
![DOI logo](//benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 5 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.