The contemporary theory of metaphor — now new and improved!

Steen, Gerard J.

doi:10.1075/rcl.9.1.03ste

Article published In:

Metaphor and metonymy revisited beyond the Contemporary Theory of Metaphor: Recent developments and applications
Edited by Francisco Gonzálvez-García, María Sandra Peña-Cervel and Lorena Pérez-Hernández
[Review of Cognitive Linguistics 9:1] 2011
► pp. 26–64

The contemporary theory of metaphor — now new and improved!

Gerard J. Steen | VU University Amsterdam

This paper outlines a multi-dimensional/multi-disciplinary framework for the study of metaphor. It expands on the cognitive linguistic approach to metaphor in language and thought by adding the dimension of communication, and it expands on the predominantly linguistic and psychological approaches by adding the discipline of social science. This creates a map of the field in which nine main areas of research can be distinguished and connected to each other in precise ways. It allows for renewed attention to the deliberate use of metaphor in communication, in contrast with non-deliberate use, and asks the question whether the interaction between deliberate and non-deliberate use of metaphor in specific social domains can contribute to an explanation of the discourse career of metaphor. The suggestion is made that metaphorical models in language, thought, and communication can be classified as official, contested, implicit, and emerging, which may offer new perspectives on the interaction between social, psychological, and linguistic properties and functions of metaphor in discourse.

Keywords: metaphor, thought, language, communication, linguistics, psychology, social science

Published online: 6 July 2011

https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.9.1.03ste

Cited by (160)

Cited by 160 other publications

Order by:

Ahrens, Kathleen, Christian Burgers & Yin Zhong

2024. Making the Unseen Seen: The Role of Signaling and Novelty in Rating Metaphors. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 53:3

Brglez, Mojca, Omnia Zayed & Paul Buitelaar

2024. TCMeta: a multilingual dataset of COVID tweets for relation-level metaphor analysis. Language Resources and Evaluation

Cheng, Kaiwen, Yu Chen, Hongmei Yan & Ling Wang

2024. The role of consciousness in Chinese nominal metaphor processing: a psychophysical approach. Language and Cognition ► pp. 1 ff.

Dekavalla, Marina

2024. Metaphors of the virtual: how ordinary people frame what the internet is. Social Semiotics 34:4 ► pp. 539 ff.

Expósito Ropero, Noé & Augusto Soares da Silva

2024. Phenomenology and cognitive linguistics in dialogue: A review of Ortega y Gasset's theory of emotive gesture as metaphor. The Southern Journal of Philosophy

Fakhreddine, Mehra

2024. La expresión del tabú de la muerte en español: metáforas conceptuales disfemísticas. Lingüística y Literatura 45:86

Garello, Stefana

2024. Metaphor as a “Matter of Thought”: Conceptual Metaphor Theory. In The Enigma of Metaphor [UNIPA Springer Series, ], ► pp. 65 ff.

Jing, Youping & Guiying Jiang

2024. “No man is an island”: How Chinese netizens use deliberate metaphors to provide “depression sufferers” with social support. DIGITAL HEALTH 10

Li, Shukang & Zihan Chen

2024. War and liar: a semiotic account of metaphors in the reports on the discharge of Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water in Chinese media. Language and Semiotic Studies 10:3 ► pp. 437 ff.

Lu, Qiuyun & Alice Deignan

2024. Unconventional Metaphor Use in the Writing of Chinese Learners of English. Sage Open 14:2

Porto, M. Dolores

2024. From conceptual to literary metaphors. Cognitive Linguistic Studies 11:1 ► pp. 34 ff.

Wilson, Joseph

2024. The Ghost in the Machine: Metaphors of the ‘Virtual’ and the ‘Artificial’ in Post-WW2 Computer Science. Perspectives on Science 32:3 ► pp. 372 ff.

Al-Athwary, Anwar A. H.

2023. A comparative lexical analysis of vehicle spare parts terms in Arabic. Saudi Journal of Language Studies 3:1 ► pp. 19 ff.

Harman, Brittany & Hennessy Strine

2023. Quantifying Hyperbole: Explicit Estimates of Exaggerated Utterances. PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 33:1

Julich-Warpakowski, Nina & Thomas Wiben Jensen

2023. Zooming in on the notion of metaphoricity . Metaphor and the Social World 13:1 ► pp. 16 ff.

Jäkel, Olaf

2023. Conceptualising presidential elections. In Cultural Linguistics and Critical Discourse Studies [Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, 103], ► pp. 36 ff.

Muelas-Gil, María

2023. Metaphorical Pattern Analysis and MIPVU combined. Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics 36:2 ► pp. 528 ff.

Pang, Yang & Lanping Li

2023. Deliberate metaphors in English as a lingua franca interactions: characteristics and constructing processes. Asian Englishes ► pp. 1 ff.

Stampoulidis, Georgios & Marianna Bolognesi

2023. Bringing metaphors back to the streets: a corpus-based study for the identification and interpretation of rhetorical figures in street art. Visual Communication 22:2 ► pp. 243 ff.

Vandeleene, Audrey, François Randour, Jérémy Dodeigne, Pauline Heyvaert, Thomas Legein, Julien Perrez & Min Reuchamps

2023. Metaphors, political knowledge and the basic income debate in Belgium. Metaphor and the Social World 13:2 ► pp. 269 ff.

Vivitsou, Marianna, Fatima Khalil Hamad & Hille Janhonen-Abruquah

2023. A Metaphorical Analysis of Mentoring for Education without Walls in Palestine and Finland with the OLIVE International Project as a Key Example. Education Sciences 13:3 ► pp. 290 ff.

Yuan, Guorong & Yi Sun

2023. A bibliometric study of metaphor research and its implications (2010–2020). Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 41:3 ► pp. 227 ff.

Csatár, Péter

2022. Extended conceptual metaphor theory. Acta Linguistica Academica 69:2 ► pp. 263 ff.

Ervas, Francesca, Pietro Salis, Cristina Sechi & Rachele Fanari

2022. Exploring metaphor's communicative effects in reasoning on vaccination. Frontiers in Psychology 13

Kamburjan, Eduard & Sandro Rama Fiorini

2022. On the Notion of Naturalness in Formal Modeling. In The Logic of Software. A Tasting Menu of Formal Methods [Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 13360], ► pp. 264 ff.

Kovaliuk, Myroslava, Yurii Kovaliuk & Hanna Fedych

2022. METAPHORICAL REPRESENTATION OF UKRAINE IN MODERN ENGLISH MASS MEDIA DISCOURSE. Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University :835-836 ► pp. 83 ff.

Mo, Yongyi, Rong Zhou & Xi Chen

2022. The effect of incongruous contextual cues on pictorial metaphor processing. Frontiers in Psychology 13

Moskaluk, Kalina, Jordan Zlatev & Joost van de Weijer

2022. “Dizziness of Freedom”: Anxiety Disorders and Metaphorical Meaning-making. Metaphor and Symbol 37:4 ► pp. 303 ff.

Vučković, Zaga

2022. METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE IN SPECIALIZED AND POPULAR SCIENTIFIC TEXTS . SPORTS, MEDIA AND BUSINESS 8:1 ► pp. 97 ff.

Xu, Li, Azam Naserpour, Afsheen Rezai, Ehsan Namaziandost & Zeinab Azizi

2022. Exploring EFL Learners’ Metaphorical Conceptions of Language Learning: A Multimodal Analysis. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 51:2 ► pp. 323 ff.

Yang, Yuzhou

2022. Ren 仁 (Humaneness) and Li 禮 (Ritual) in a painting metaphor from the perspective of contextual individuality. Asian Philosophy 32:1 ► pp. 88 ff.

Zlatev, Jordan & Kalina Moskaluk

2022. Translation validity in metaphor theories. In Figurativity and Human Ecology [Figurative Thought and Language, 17], ► pp. 123 ff.

Alarcón-Hermosilla, Salvador

2021. World-switch and mind style inThe Barracks:a cognitive approach to ideology. Journal of Literary Semantics 50:1 ► pp. 43 ff.

Davydenko, Inna, Alevtyna Kalyuzhna & Iryna Shevchenko

2021. The evolution of the concept of ART in the English linguistic construal of the world: from CRAFT to CREATIVITY. Cognition, Communication, Discourse :23 ► pp. 30 ff.

Dorst, Aletta G.

2021. Metaphor. In Analysing Religious Discourse, ► pp. 235 ff.

Fauquet-Alekhine, Philippe, Martin W. Bauer & Saadi Lahlou

2021. Introspective interviewing for work activities: applying subjective digital ethnography in a nuclear industry case study. Cognition, Technology & Work 23:3 ► pp. 625 ff.

Khachmafova, Zaineta, Tatiana Ostrovskaya, Elena Skhalyakho, D. Rudoy, A. Olshevskaya & N. Ugrekhelidze

2021. The conceptual design of oil-and-gas metaphorical terms. E3S Web of Conferences 273 ► pp. 11045 ff.

Lancaster, Mason D.

2021. Metaphor Research and the Hebrew Bible. Currents in Biblical Research 19:3 ► pp. 235 ff.

Lemghari, El Mustapha

2021. Metaphorical blending in complex proverbs. Metaphor and the Social World 11:1 ► pp. 71 ff.

Lemghari, El Mustapha

2022. On the Role of Source and Target Words’ Meanings in Metaphorical Conceptualizations. Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 67:1 ► pp. 73 ff.

Li, Ke & Huichao Zhu

2021. Power and gender. Chinese Language and Discourse. An International and Interdisciplinary Journal 12:2 ► pp. 238 ff.

Núñez Nogueroles, Eugenia Esperanza

2021. Crítica de Crespo Fernández & Luján García (2018): Anglicismos sexuales en español. El inglés como recurso eufemístico y disfemístico en la comunicación virtual. Spanish in Context 18:3 ► pp. 479 ff.

Sun, Yi, Mi Zhang & Lang Chen

2021. “Join the Army. Become the Power of China”. Review of Cognitive Linguistics 19:1 ► pp. 142 ff.

Sánchez Ruiz, Raquel

2021. Chapter 10. Let’s talk about sex in high school. In Discourse Studies in Public Communication [Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, 92], ► pp. 220 ff.

Yakub, Mohammed

2021. semantic extensions of tu ‘to uproot’/‘to pull out’ in Nzema discourse. Sociolinguistic Studies 15:1

Yakub, Mohammed

2024. ‘Refuse Dump, Hurry Up!’: A Cognitive Onomastic and Cultural Metaphor Perspective of Nzema Death-Prevention Names. Languages 9:5 ► pp. 167 ff.

Ahmad, Rizwan, Ludmila Torlakova, Divakaran Liginlal & Robert Meeds

2020. Figurative Language in Arabic E-Commerce Text. International Journal of Business Communication 57:3 ► pp. 279 ff.

Beger, Anke & Thomas H. Smith

2020. Chapter 1. Introduction. In How Metaphors Guide, Teach and Popularize Science [Figurative Thought and Language, 6], ► pp. 1 ff.

Cavazzana, Alessandro & Marianna Bolognesi

2020. Uncanny resemblance. Cognitive Linguistic Studies 7:1 ► pp. 31 ff.

Cavazzana, Alessandro & Marianna Bolognesi

2022. Uncanny resemblance. In Visual Metaphors [Benjamins Current Topics, 124], ► pp. 33 ff.

Chen, Yi-chen

2020. Assessing the lexical richness of figurative expressions in Taiwanese EFL learners’ writing. Assessing Writing 43 ► pp. 100414 ff.

Fauquet-Alekhine, Philippe

2020. Refining Competencies Identification Through Digital Ethnography. In Knowledge Management in High Risk Industries, ► pp. 53 ff.

Kotzur, Gerrit

2020. Chapter 6. Metaphors for protest. In The Language of Crisis [Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, 87], ► pp. 169 ff.

Kövecses, Zoltán

2020. Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory,

Kövecses, Zoltán

2020. An extended view of conceptual metaphor theory. Review of Cognitive Linguistics 18:1 ► pp. 112 ff.

Kövecses, Zoltán

2022. Extended CMT and the dynamic systems theory of metaphor. In Dynamism in Metaphor and Beyond [Metaphor in Language, Cognition, and Communication, 9], ► pp. 131 ff.

Poppi, Fabio I. M., Marianna Bolognesi & Amitash Ojha

2020. Imago Dei: Metaphorical conceptualization of pictorial artworks within a participant-based framework. Semiotica 2020:236-237 ► pp. 349 ff.

Törneke, Niklas

2020. Strategies for using metaphor in psychological treatment. Metaphor and the Social World 10:2 ► pp. 214 ff.

Ursini, Francesco-Alessio

2020. ‘Alla Ricerca dei Plumcake Perduti’: visual metaphors, satire, and intertextuality in ZeroCalcare’sfumetti. Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics 11:2 ► pp. 226 ff.

Bager-Elsborg, Anna & Linda Greve

2019. Establishing a method for analysing metaphors in higher education teaching: a case from business management teaching. Higher Education Research & Development 38:7 ► pp. 1329 ff.

Beger, Anke

2019. The contested notion of ‘deliberate metaphor’: What can we learn from ‘unclear’ cases in academic lectures?. Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association 7:1 ► pp. 51 ff.

Bolognesi, Marianna & Kristina Š. Despot

2019. Fantastic metaphors and where to find them. In Metaphor and Metonymy in the Digital Age [Metaphor in Language, Cognition, and Communication, 8], ► pp. 1 ff.

Bolognesi, Marianna, Benjamin Timmermans & Lora Aroyo

2019. Chapter 4. VisMet and the crowd. In Metaphor and Metonymy in the Digital Age [Metaphor in Language, Cognition, and Communication, 8], ► pp. 99 ff.

Breuer, Adam & Alastair Iain Johnston

2019. Memes, narratives and the emergent US–China security dilemma. Cambridge Review of International Affairs 32:4 ► pp. 429 ff.

Cárcamo Morales, Benjamín

2019. Teoría de la metáfora conceptual y teoría de la metáfora deliberada: ¿propuestas complementarias?. Estudios de Lingüística Aplicada :68 ► pp. 165 ff.

Devylder, Simon

2019. Dancygier, Barbara (ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics . English Text Construction 12:1 ► pp. 143 ff.

Fasciolo, Marco & Franck Neveu

2019. Le conflit conceptuel : de la grammaire aux métaphores. Langue française N° 204:4 ► pp. 7 ff.

Finsen, Andreas Bilstrup, Gerard J. Steen & Jean H. M. Wagemans

2019. An argumentative reconstruction of the computer metaphor of the brain. Journal of Argumentation in Context 8:3 ► pp. 317 ff.

Gandolfo, Stefano

2019. Metaphors of Metaphors: Reflections on the Use of Conceptual Metaphor Theory in Premodern Chinese Texts. Dao 18:3 ► pp. 323 ff.

Heyvaert, Pauline

2019. Chapter 2. Fairies, Christmas miracles and sham marriages. In Variation in Political Metaphor [Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, 85], ► pp. 35 ff.

Lavalette, Kiki Y. Renardel de, Corina Andone & Gerard J. Steen

2019. Figurative analogies and how they are resisted in British Public Bill Committee debates. Metaphor and the Social World 9:1 ► pp. 107 ff.

Okonski, Lacey & Raymond W. Gibbs

2019. Diving into the wreck: Can people resist allegorical meaning?. Journal of Pragmatics 141 ► pp. 28 ff.

Pawłowska, Katarzyna

2019. The wrestling with a pig in the mud metaphor in the service of liberal ideology: a critical analysis. Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies :27(4) ► pp. 37 ff.

RAMONDA, KRIS

2019. The role of encyclopedic world knowledge in semantic transparency intuitions of idioms. English Language and Linguistics 23:1 ► pp. 31 ff.

Renardel de Lavalette, Kiki Yvonne, Corina Andone & Gerard J. Steen

2019. I did not say that the government should be plundering anybody’s savings. Journal of Language and Politics 18:5 ► pp. 718 ff.

Stampoulidis, Georgios, Marianna Bolognesi & Jordan Zlatev

2019. A cognitive semiotic exploration of metaphors in Greek street art. Cognitive Semiotics 12:1

Veale, Tony

2019. Chapter 3. Metaphor in the age of mechanical production. In Metaphor and Metonymy in the Digital Age [Metaphor in Language, Cognition, and Communication, 8], ► pp. 75 ff.

Veale, Tony

2020. Metaphor as sign and as symbol. In Producing Figurative Expression [Figurative Thought and Language, 10], ► pp. 511 ff.

Burgers, Christian, Kiki Y. Renardel de Lavalette & Gerard J. Steen

2018. Metaphor, hyperbole, and irony: Uses in isolation and in combination in written discourse. Journal of Pragmatics 127 ► pp. 71 ff.

Díaz-Peralta, Marina

2018. Metaphor and ideology: Conceptual structure and conceptual content in Spanish political discourse. Discourse & Communication 12:2 ► pp. 128 ff.

Fischer, Eugen

2018. Two analogy strategies: the cases of mind metaphors and introspection. Connection Science 30:2 ► pp. 211 ff.

Hart, Christopher

2018. ‘Riots engulfed the city’: An experimental study investigating the legitimating effects of fire metaphors in discourses of disorder. Discourse & Society 29:3 ► pp. 279 ff.

König, Andreas, Jan Mammen, Johannes Luger, Angela Fehn & Albrecht Enders

2018. Silver Bullet or Ricochet? CEOs’ Use of Metaphorical Communication and Infomediaries’ Evaluations. Academy of Management Journal 61:4 ► pp. 1196 ff.

Reijnierse, W. Gudrun, Christian Burgers, Tina Krennmayr & Gerard J. Steen

2018. On metaphorical views, dynamite, and doodlings. Review of Cognitive Linguistics 16:2 ► pp. 431 ff.

Reijnierse, W. Gudrun, Christian Burgers, Tina Krennmayr & Gerard J. Steen

2019. Metaphor in communication: the distribution of potentially deliberate metaphor across register and word class. Corpora 14:3 ► pp. 301 ff.

Reijnierse, W. Gudrun, Christian Burgers, Tina Krennmayr & Gerard J. Steen

2020. The role of co-text in the analysis of potentially deliberate metaphor. In Drawing Attention to Metaphor [Figurative Thought and Language, 5], ► pp. 15 ff.

Reijnierse, W.Gudrun, Christian Burgers, Tina Krennmayr & Gerard J. Steen

2015. How viruses and beasts affect our opinions (or not). Metaphor and the Social World 5:2 ► pp. 245 ff.

Romano, Manuela & M Dolores Porto

2018. ‘The tide, change, nobody can stop it’: Metaphor for social action. Discourse & Society 29:6 ► pp. 655 ff.

Steen, Gerard J.

2018. Chapter 8. Conclusion. In Visual Metaphor [Converging Evidence in Language and Communication Research, 18], ► pp. 185 ff.

Trim, Richard

2018. Conceptual Conflicts in Metaphors and Figurative Language. Metaphor and Symbol 33:4 ► pp. 315 ff.

van der Hel, Sandra, Iina Hellsten & Gerard Steen

2018. Tipping Points and Climate Change: Metaphor Between Science and the Media. Environmental Communication 12:5 ► pp. 605 ff.

Vries, Clarissa de, W. Gudrun Reijnierse & Roel M. Willems

2018. Eye movements reveal readers’ sensitivity to deliberate metaphors during narrative reading. Scientific Study of Literature 8:1 ► pp. 135 ff.

Šorm, Ester & Gerard J. Steen

2018. Chapter 3. VISMIP. In Visual Metaphor [Converging Evidence in Language and Communication Research, 18], ► pp. 47 ff.

Brugman, Britta C., Christian Burgers & Gerard J. Steen

2017. Recategorizing political frames: a systematic review of metaphorical framing in experiments on political communication. Annals of the International Communication Association 41:2 ► pp. 181 ff.

Burgers, Christian & Gerard J. Steen

2017. Chapter 4. Introducing a three-dimensional model of verbal irony. In Irony in Language Use and Communication [Figurative Thought and Language, 1], ► pp. 87 ff.

Gibbs, Raymond W. & Elaine Chen

2017. Taking metaphor studies back to the Stone Age: A reply to Xu, Zhang, and Wu (2016). Intercultural Pragmatics 14:1

Pinero-Pinero, Gracia

2017. A matrix of cognitive domains at the service of the metaphoric delegitimisation of politicians. Discourse, Context & Media 18 ► pp. 20 ff.

Rasulić, Katarina

2017. A metaphor biangle. Metaphor and the Social World 7:1 ► pp. 130 ff.

Rasulić, Katarina

2020. Chapter 4. Turning the heart into a neighbour. In The Language of Crisis [Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, 87], ► pp. 111 ff.

Silvestre-López, Antonio-José & Ignasi Navarro i Ferrando

2017. Metaphors in the conceptualisation of meditative practices. Metaphor and the Social World 7:1 ► pp. 26 ff.

Soares da Silva, Augusto, Maria Josep Cuenca & Manuela Romano

2017. The Conceptualisation of austerity in the Portuguese, Spanish and Irish Press. In Advances in Cultural Linguistics [Cultural Linguistics, ], ► pp. 345 ff.

Thibodeau, Paul

2017. The function of metaphor framing, deliberate or otherwise, in a social world. Metaphor and the Social World 7:2 ► pp. 270 ff.

Thibodeau, Paul H. & Stephen J. Flusberg

2017. Metaphorical Accounting: How Framing the Federal Budget Like a Household's Affects Voting Intentions. Cognitive Science 41:S5 ► pp. 1168 ff.

Berger, Cynthia M.

2016. Review of Nacey (2013): Metaphors in learner English. Languages in Contrast 16:1 ► pp. 159 ff.

Browse, Sam

2016. Revisiting Text World Theory and extended metaphor: Embedding and foregrounding extended metaphors in the text-worlds of the 2008 financial crash. Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 25:1 ► pp. 18 ff.

Burgers, Christian, Britta C. Brugman, Kiki Y. Renardel de Lavalette & Gerard J. Steen

2016. HIP: A Method for Linguistic Hyperbole Identification in Discourse. Metaphor and Symbol 31:3 ► pp. 163 ff.

Burgers, Christian, Allison Eden, Robin de Jong & Sander Buningh

2016. Rousing reviews and instigative images: The impact of online reviews and visual design characteristics on app downloads. Mobile Media & Communication 4:3 ► pp. 327 ff.

Burgers, Christian, Elly A. Konijn & Gerard J. Steen

2016. Figurative Framing: Shaping Public Discourse Through Metaphor, Hyperbole, and Irony. Communication Theory 26:4 ► pp. 410 ff.

Farías, Miguel & Leonardo Véliz

2016. EFL STUDENTS' METAPHORICAL CONCEPTUALIZATIONS OF LANGUAGE LEARNING. Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada 55:3 ► pp. 833 ff.

Mlynář, Jakub

2016. Stroje, texty, sítě a jiné obrazy: metaforický rozměr sociologie. AUC PHILOSOPHICA ET HISTORICA 2016:2 ► pp. 51 ff.

Soares da Silva, Augusto

2016. The persuasive (and manipulative) power of metaphor in ‘austerity’ discourse. In Exploring Discourse Strategies in Social and Cognitive Interaction [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 262], ► pp. 79 ff.

Soares da Silva, Augusto

2020. Chapter 2. From economic crisis to austerity policies through conceptual metaphor. In The Language of Crisis [Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, 87], ► pp. 51 ff.

Soares da Silva, Augusto

2021. Measuring the impact of (non)figurativity in the cultural conceptualization of emotions in the two main national varieties of Portuguese. In Figurative Language – Intersubjectivity and Usage [Figurative Thought and Language, 11], ► pp. 387 ff.

Soares da Silva, Augusto

2021. Introduction. Figurative language. In Figurative Language – Intersubjectivity and Usage [Figurative Thought and Language, 11], ► pp. 1 ff.

Talley, Janine

2016. Moving from the margins: The role of narrative and metaphor in health literacy. Journal of Communication in Healthcare 9:2 ► pp. 109 ff.

Xu, Cihua, Chuanrui Zhang & Yicheng Wu

2016. Enlarging the scope of metaphor studies. Intercultural Pragmatics 13:3

Burgers, Christian, Elly A. Konijn, Gerard J. Steen & Marlies A.R. Iepsma

2015. Making ads less complex, yet more creative and persuasive: the effects of conventional metaphors and irony in print advertising. International Journal of Advertising 34:3 ► pp. 515 ff.

Cuccio, Valentina

2015. Embodied simulation and metaphors. On the role of the body in the interpretation of bodily-based metaphors. EPISTEMOLOGIA :1 ► pp. 99 ff.

Farquhar, Sandy & Peter Fitzsimons

2015. Metaphor and Edusemiotics. In Encyclopedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory, ► pp. 1 ff.

Farquhar, Sandy & Peter Fitzsimons

2016. Seeing through the metaphor: The OECD quality toolbox for early childhood. Semiotica 2016:212 ► pp. 97 ff.

Farquhar, Sandy & Peter Fitzsimons

2017. Metaphor and Edusemiotics. In Encyclopedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory, ► pp. 1446 ff.

Gibbs, Raymond W.

2015. Does deliberate metaphor theory have a future?. Journal of Pragmatics 90 ► pp. 73 ff.

Gibbs, Raymond W.

2015. Do pragmatic signals affect conventional metaphor understanding? A failed test of deliberate metaphor theory. Journal of Pragmatics 90 ► pp. 77 ff.

Herrmann, J. Berenike

2015. High on metaphor, low on simile? An examination of metaphor type in sub-registers of academic prose. In Metaphor in Specialist Discourse [Metaphor in Language, Cognition, and Communication, 4], ► pp. 163 ff.

Herrmann, J. Berenike & Tony Berber Sardinha

2015. Metaphor in specialist discourse. In Metaphor in Specialist Discourse [Metaphor in Language, Cognition, and Communication, 4], ► pp. 3 ff.

Horn, Fabian

2015. ‘Sleeping the Brazen Slumber’ – A Cognitive Approach to Hom.Il. 11.241. Philologus 159:2 ► pp. 197 ff.

Horn, Fabian

2016. ‘BUILDING IN THE DEEP’: NOTES ON A METAPHOR FOR MENTAL ACITIVITY AND THE METAPHORICAL CONCEPT OF MIND IN EARLY GREEK EPIC. Greece and Rome 63:2 ► pp. 163 ff.

Horn, Fabian

2018. DYING IS HARD TO DESCRIBE: METONYMIES AND METAPHORS OF DEATH IN THEILIAD. The Classical Quarterly 68:2 ► pp. 359 ff.

Horn, Fabian

2020. “Entering the house of Hades”. In Drawing Attention to Metaphor [Figurative Thought and Language, 5], ► pp. 159 ff.

Horn, Fabian

2020. Widowing the Streets of Troy (Il. 5.642): Notes on the Conceptual Basis of a Unique Metaphor in Homer'sIliad. Antichthon 54 ► pp. 1 ff.

Steen, Gerard

2015. Developing, testing and interpreting Deliberate Metaphor Theory. Journal of Pragmatics 90 ► pp. 67 ff.

Tay, Dennis & Jennifer Jordan

2015. Metaphor and the notion of control in trauma talk. Text & Talk 35:4 ► pp. 553 ff.

Crespo-Fernández, Eliecer

2014. Euphemisms and political discourse in the British regional press. Brno Studies in English 40:1 ► pp. 5 ff.

Crespo-Fernández, Eliecer

2022. Euphemism in laxative TV commercials: at the crossroads between politeness and persuasion. Journal of Politeness Research 18:1 ► pp. 11 ff.

Crespo-Fernández, Eliecer

2023. The Death Taboo: Euphemism and Metaphor in Epitaphs from the English Cemetery of Malaga, Spain. Languages 8:3 ► pp. 215 ff.

Crespo-Fernández, Eliecer

2023. Provocative euphemism in pornographic film titles. Journal of Language and Sexuality 12:1 ► pp. 46 ff.

Gavins, Joanna

2014. Metaphor studies in retrospect and prospect. Review of Cognitive Linguistics 12:2 ► pp. 493 ff.

Luokkanen, Matti, Suvi Huttunen & Mikael Hildén

2014. Geoengineering, news media and metaphors: Framing the controversial. Public Understanding of Science 23:8 ► pp. 966 ff.

Reijnierse, W. Gudrun

2014. Frames and Constructions in Metaphoric Language, by Karen Sullivan. Metaphor and Symbol 29:2 ► pp. 147 ff.

Steen, Gerard J., W. Gudrun Reijnierse, Christian Burgers & Ulrich von Hecker

2014. When Do Natural Language Metaphors Influence Reasoning? A Follow-Up Study to Thibodeau and Boroditsky (2013). PLoS ONE 9:12 ► pp. e113536 ff.

Sun, Ya & Jinlin Jiang

2014. Metaphor use in Chinese and US corporate mission statements: A cognitive sociolinguistic analysis. English for Specific Purposes 33 ► pp. 4 ff.

Tay, Dennis

2014. At the heart of cognition, communication, and language. Metaphor and the Social World 4:1 ► pp. 48 ff.

Tay, Dennis

2015. Metaphor in case study articles on Chinese university counseling service websites. Chinese Language and Discourse. An International and Interdisciplinary Journal 6:1 ► pp. 28 ff.

Tay, Dennis

2016. Metaphor and Psychological Transference. Metaphor and Symbol 31:1 ► pp. 11 ff.

Tay, Dennis

2016. A variational approach to deliberate metaphors. Cognitive Linguistic Studies 3:2 ► pp. 277 ff.

Tay, Dennis

2017. The Nuances of Metaphor Theory for Constructivist Psychotherapy. Journal of Constructivist Psychology 30:2 ► pp. 165 ff.

Tay, Dennis

2020. Affective Engagement in Metaphorical versus Literal Communication Styles in Counseling. Discourse Processes 57:4 ► pp. 360 ff.

Tay, Dennis

2022. Navigating the Realities of Metaphor and Psychotherapy Research,

Yamaguchi, Masataka, Dennis Tay & Benjamin Blount

2014. Introduction: Approaches to Language, Culture, and Cognition. In Approaches to Language, Culture, and Cognition, ► pp. 1 ff.

Bud, Robert

2013. Framed in the Public Sphere: Tools for the Conceptual History of “Applied Science” — A Review Paper. History of Science 51:4 ► pp. 413 ff.

Martin, Paul C.

2013. THE EXPLORATORY AND REFLECTIVE DOMAIN OF METAPHOR IN THE COMPARISON OF RELIGIONS. Zygon® 48:4 ► pp. 936 ff.

Porto, M. Dolores & Manuela Romano

2013. Newspaper Metaphors: Reusing Metaphors Across Media Genres. Metaphor and Symbol 28:1 ► pp. 60 ff.

Romano, Manuela

2013. Situated-‘instant’ metaphors. Metaphor and the Social World 3:2 ► pp. 240 ff.

Romano, Manuela

2019. ‘Refugees are streaming into Europe’: An image-schema analysis of the Syrian Refugee crisis in the Spanish and British press. Complutense Journal of English Studies 27 ► pp. 39 ff.

Iza Ervitia, Aneider

2012. RESEMBLANCE OPERATIONS AND CONCEPTUAL COMPLEXY IN ANIMAL METAPHORS. Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas 7:1

[no author supplied]

2014. Cognitive Grammar in Literature [Linguistic Approaches to Literature, 17],

[no author supplied]

2018. Event Structure Metaphors through the Body [Figurative Thought and Language, 4],

[no author supplied]

2018. Attention to Metaphor [Metaphor in Language, Cognition, and Communication, 7],

[no author supplied]

2022. Motion Metaphors in Music Criticism [Metaphor in Language, Cognition, and Communication, 10],

[no author supplied]

2023. Slowing Metaphor Down [Converging Evidence in Language and Communication Research, 26],

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 22 september 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.