Subject index

• Academic discourse 2, 10, 18, 60–62, 67, 76, 121, 154

• Academic literacies vii, xi, 1–3, 16, 19, 48, 58–59, 108, 118, 122, 142, 154–155

• Academic literacies development 108, 118, 122, 154

• Academic texts 6, 21, 24, 42, 50, 131, 135

• Academic writing vii–xi, 1–7, 9–14, 16–21, 24, 26–27, 29–30, 32, 34, 36–45, 48–60, 70, 78–79, 83–84, 90, 95, 101–102, 105, 118, 122–123, 125–130, 132–133, 135–136, 139–143, 145–146, 153–155

• Academic writing practices 7, 16, 40–42, 44, 49–50, 52, 55–57, 126, 136

• Academic writing processes 2, 4, 7, 11, 17, 83, 90, 101

• Academic writing research xi, 1–3, 6, 9, 11–12, 16, 21, 24, 26–27, 34, 36–37, 39–42, 45, 50, 52, 54–55, 58, 79, 122, 126, 140, 142, 145

• Accountability117

• Activity Theory 89–91, 103

• Actors 3, 15–16, 63, 111, 115, 129, 135, 147–148

• Agency 11, 36, 89–91, 100, 125, 129–130, 132, 134–136, 138–139, 141–142, 153

• Analytical approach 2, 9, 40

• Anonymisation 15, 65, 76

• Anonymity rights15

• Anti-methodology 11, 150

• Applied Linguistics vii, xi, 8, 16, 18–20, 26, 31, 38, 57–59, 87, 89, 100–103, 107, 121–123, 142, 153–155

• Assumption of Care108

• Auditing54

• Blended ethnography 10, 62, 65, 70, 74, 76–77

• Collaboration 5, 12, 15, 26, 32, 35, 70, 97, 107, 116, 118

• Collaborative 7, 9, 11–12, 14, 26, 32, 47, 53–54, 56–57, 69, 72, 86, 93, 95–97, 99, 105–108, 110, 116–117, 121, 154

• Collaborative ethnography 11, 105–108, 110, 116, 121

• Collaborative writing processes96

• Compass points 16–17

• Complexity theory 14, 55

• Confirmability 45–47, 53–54, 117, 148

• Context viii, xi, 4, 6–7, 10–11, 14–16, 19–21, 23–24, 28–29, 37, 39–45, 47–52, 54–56, 58, 62–63, 69–70, 75–80, 84–85, 89, 91–92, 99, 101–102, 106, 110, 112, 117, 122, 125–126, 128–129, 133–134, 141–142, 150, 154

• Contextual understanding4

• Contextualisation 51, 54

• Contrastive observation4

• Core values of ethnography15

• Credibility 16, 41, 45–46, 53–54, 111, 117, 148

• Critical vii–xi, 1–4, 7, 9, 11, 16–17, 20, 22, 33, 38–40, 47, 53, 59–60, 63–64, 68, 79, 102, 106–107, 110, 120, 122, 125–126, 128–130, 138, 140, 149, 151

• Critical analysis 2, 39

• Critical ethnography 7, 107, 149, 151

• Critical exploration vii, 1–2, 9, 11

• Critical momentsviii

• Critical perspective 128–129

• Critical reflection 4, 9, 11

• Critical stance 125, 128, 130

• Culture x–xi, 5–6, 12, 20, 23, 33, 38, 80–81, 91–92, 102, 110, 120–121, 153

• Cyberethnography 63–64

• Deep theorizing 1–2, 4–6, 9, 11, 13–14, 19, 37, 39–40, 50, 58, 64, 79, 84, 102, 105, 109, 122, 142

• Deficit model3

• Dependability 47, 53–54, 117, 148

• Detachment effect117

• Dialogical collaboration 5, 12

• Dialogical pedagogy4

• Digital x, 10, 12, 15, 20, 61–67, 70–72, 74–81, 86–87, 92, 94–98, 101–103, 137, 153

• Digital ethnography 10, 12, 20, 61–67, 75–77, 80–81

• Digital medium 12, 15, 65, 77

• Disciplinary enculturation127

• Discourse-based interviews30

• Discourse-centred online ethnography 17, 62–63, 78

• Discovery 49, 145

• Disembodied cognition 117, 123

• Emancipatory detachment117

• Emic viii, 2, 4–7, 9–11, 13–14, 17, 21, 23–25, 27, 29–31, 33, 46, 49, 52, 54–55, 125–126, 132, 140

• Emotional contagion114

• Emotional danger114

• Emotional distancing117

• Empirically-driven 2, 4, 9, 11, 126

• Empowerment and understanding4

• Engagement viii, 4, 8–9, 15, 24–29, 33–35, 37, 46, 48, 51–54, 71–72, 74–75, 80, 84, 92, 111, 134–135, 140, 153

• English for Academic Purposes (EAP) vii, 2, 19, 26–27, 37–38, 43, 48, 58–60, 101–102, 142, 146, 154–155

• English Studies vii, 79

• Equity 20, 128, 130, 141, 143

• Ethical standards15

• Ethics 1, 4, 7–8, 10–11, 15–20, 31, 36, 53, 57–59, 80, 105–108, 110, 132, 147, 149–150

• Ethnographic viii–xi, 1–12, 14–22, 24, 26–27, 36–41, 44–53, 55–59, 61–68, 72, 74–75, 77–79, 83–85, 89–90, 92, 95, 97, 99, 101–103, 105–106, 108, 110, 112, 116, 120–123, 125–127, 129–130, 136, 140–141, 143, 146–151, 155

• Ethnographic methodology ix, 3, 5, 36, 40, 48–49, 53

• Ethnographic perspectives of academic writing2

• Ethnographic research 1–6, 10–11, 14–18, 20–22, 24, 26–27, 36, 39–41, 45, 50, 57, 62, 68, 77, 79, 84, 95, 101, 103, 108, 110, 112, 120, 122, 150

• Ethnographically-oriented 1–3, 6–7, 9–15, 17, 24, 32, 34–35, 39, 55, 57, 61–63, 67–68, 75, 77, 83–85, 87, 90–91, 93–96, 98–100

• Ethnographically-tinged6

• Ethnography vii–xi, 1–2, 4–20, 23–25, 28–29, 33, 36–40, 45–49, 57–67, 70, 72–81, 83–84, 86, 90–91, 95, 97, 99–100, 102, 105–110, 116, 121–123, 126, 129, 140–142, 147–151

• Ethnography as research praxis viii, 9

• Ethnography of writing vii, 2, 4

• Etic viii, 5–7, 17, 23, 33, 46–47, 49, 52

• Evaluation regimes vii–viii, 9

• Experiences 10, 14, 21, 29, 70–71, 73–75, 81, 90–91, 105–107, 110–112, 114, 117, 122–123, 126, 128, 131–135, 138, 140, 153

• External validity 53, 148

• Face validity112

• Fear of judgment 15–16, 110, 113

• Feedback processing88

• Feminist approach to reflexivity 105, 107

• Gatekeeping 127–128

• Generalizability 19, 53, 101, 148

• Guerrilla ethnography 10, 12, 74, 76–77

• History of literacy 126, 132, 136, 138

• Immersion 4, 140

• In-betweener107

• Inclusion 12, 16, 40, 46–47, 52–53, 55, 68, 125, 127–128, 143

• Indexicality 6, 14, 55

• Inside story 3, 5, 9, 14, 17

• Insider x, 7, 23, 27, 29, 31, 46, 66, 68, 76, 107, 111–113, 116, 120–123

• Insider researcher 112–113, 120

• Insiderness 111, 113, 120, 122

• Internal validity 53, 148

• Internet ethnography 64, 80

• Interpretation 5–6, 9, 14, 18, 23, 27, 29, 33–35, 37–38, 45, 47–48, 53, 58, 70, 75, 79, 89, 114, 116–117, 135, 150

• Intertextuality 14, 44, 55

• Interviews viii, 4–5, 10–12, 14, 25, 28, 30–32, 35, 40, 45–46, 48–49, 51–54, 61, 63–64, 66–71, 73–76, 84, 88, 90–92, 95, 97–98, 105–106, 108–115, 117–119, 126, 131–136, 138–139

• Invisible dimension of text production 10, 13, 83, 85

• Invisible dimension of writing 13, 87, 93, 98–99

• Laminated chronotopic structure95

• Laminated chronotopic trajectories95

• Language broker114

• Language regimesvii

• Linguistic Ethnography vii, xi, 6, 8, 18, 39, 57, 59–60, 121

• Literacy vii, ix, xi, 2–4, 11, 13–14, 16–19, 25–26, 31, 36–38, 57–58, 79–80, 83, 86–88, 98–99, 107, 115, 117, 121, 125–128, 131–134, 136–138, 140–143, 145, 153

• Literacy broker107

• Literacy development 2, 4, 16–17, 19

• Literacy histories ix, 11, 14, 25, 133, 125–126

• Literacy practices 3, 13, 31, 36–37, 83, 86–88, 98–99, 127–128, 133–134, 137, 140–142

• Long conversationsviii

• Longitudinal 4, 10, 15, 25, 37, 90, 101, 105, 109, 131–135, 139, 143

• Lurking66

• Macroethics 10, 40, 54–55

• Macro-writing processes 88, 93

• Manufacturing of sameness127

• Mediation 5, 93

• Member checks 15, 30, 46, 53–54, 92

• Method x–xi, 2, 6, 10, 13, 15, 19, 23, 37, 40, 47, 55–56, 58–60, 62–64, 66, 70–71, 73, 78–80, 84, 90, 96, 99, 102, 109, 117, 119, 122, 142, 148, 150

• Methodological approach 1, 26–27, 95–96, 106

• Methodological integrity 130, 132

• Methodological rich points 10, 13, 19, 83, 85, 87, 98, 101

• Methodology ix, xi, 3, 5–6, 10–13, 15, 19–20, 26–27, 29, 36–37, 40, 48–50, 53, 58, 64, 68, 79, 84, 90–91, 99, 101–102, 109, 122, 142, 145–146, 150, 153

• Microethics 54–55

• Misrecognition ix

• Mistrust 15–16, 110–111, 122

• Mobile resources16

• Mobile Technologies and Process Logs Method (MTPL)96

• Multilingual nature of composing 13, 99

• Multilingual students3

• Multilingual users92

• Multilingualism 2, 18–19

• Multiple data sources 5–6, 9, 24, 27–29, 35, 45, 51, 54, 72, 95

• Multiple literacies3

• Multiplicity64

• Narrative xi, 3, 15, 23, 46, 51, 56, 70, 123, 126, 145, 148

• Narrativisation 51, 54

• Naturalism49

• Naturalistic data 42, 47

• Netnography 64, 79

• Network ethnography 64, 78

• Network plots 109, 117–119

• New Literacy Studies vii, 143

• Nontraditional 11, 17, 127, 129, 131, 135, 139

• Non-digital-centric-ness64

• Objectivity 53, 112, 116, 148, 151

• Offline 10, 62–63, 65, 67, 73–77

• Online 10, 12, 15, 17, 28, 37, 56, 60–65, 67–81, 94, 97, 111, 137, 154

• Online academic discourse 61–62, 67, 76

• Online academic practices 67–68

• Online ethnography 17, 62–64, 78

• Online interviews67

• Openness 64, 67, 74, 77, 81

• Orientations 6, 88

• Outsider 11, 23, 49, 55, 66, 68, 76, 107, 109, 113, 120, 123

• Outsider researcher 49, 113

• Outsiderness 113, 120, 122

• Overidentification 11, 116, 120

• Participant feedback4

• Participant observation 4, 6–7, 13, 15, 66, 72, 74–75, 92, 97

• Participant recruitment 11, 14–16, 105–106, 108, 110, 113

• Participation viii, 4–5, 9, 12–13, 15, 21, 24–26, 31, 35–37, 50–52, 62, 75, 108, 111–113, 119, 125, 127, 132, 136–137, 142, 154

• Pedagogy vii, 4–5, 12, 19, 37, 44, 57, 127, 142

• Peer debriefing 53–54

• Persistence 65, 128, 143

• Person-centredness 87, 89

• Positionality 13–14, 31, 55, 57, 134–135, 140

• Pre-digital ethnography 12, 61–62, 65

• Process 2–3, 7–10, 17–18, 26, 31, 35–36, 44, 49, 55, 60, 63–64, 66, 70–72, 74, 76–77, 87, 89–99, 101–103, 105–110, 112–113, 116–118, 120–122, 125, 129–130, 150

• Progression Analysis 95–98, 102

• Prolonged engagement 15, 35, 51, 53–54, 111

• Properties of the digital medium15

• Qualitative research 1, 8, 13, 18–20, 50, 57–59, 64, 69, 73, 78, 100, 121–123, 143, 150, 153

• Reflection 4, 9–11, 16, 39, 42, 68, 70, 83–84, 106–107, 126

• Reflexivity ix, 1, 3–5, 7–9, 12–14, 16–17, 20, 26–27, 31–32, 34–35, 38, 47, 55, 57, 63–64, 66, 78, 105–108, 112, 117–118, 120–123

• Re-interviews 31, 35

• Relational view135

• Reliability 16, 53, 75–76, 116–117

• Replicability 65, 148

• Representation 4, 11, 14, 57–58, 67, 105–106, 108, 110, 115, 121

• Research viii–ix, xi, 1–22, 24, 26–32, 34–65, 67–80, 83–97, 99–103, 105–123, 125–128, 130–137, 140–143, 145–151, 153–155

• Research journey 107, 116

• Research praxis viii–ix, 9

• Researcher engagement viii, 9

• Researcher reflexivity 5, 7–8, 12, 14, 20, 26, 31–32, 34, 38, 105–106, 123

• Researcher role114

• Rich description 21, 34

• Rich points viii, 10, 13, 19, 83, 85, 87, 98, 101

• Scalability 65, 76

• Searchability65

• Second language (SL) writing 2, 6, 10, 13, 16, 18–19, 26–27, 31, 37–38, 43, 59, 88, 100–103, 122, 146, 150–151, 153, 155

• Sensitising concepts ix

• Situated academic writing 39–40, 43–44, 50, 52, 90, 101

• Situated everyday activity 42, 47

• Slice of life data 42, 47, 54

• Social viii–xi, 1, 3, 6–7, 9, 13–16, 19–20, 23–24, 36–38, 56, 58, 60–81, 87–89, 91–93, 98–100, 102, 105, 107, 113–114, 121–122, 125–130, 132, 134, 136, 138–143, 147–150

• Social actors 3, 15–16, 63, 148

• Social dimensions 13, 92, 99, 140

• Social justice oriented research132

• Social practice 3, 126, 128–129

• Social turn 87–88

• Socially-oriented studies89

• Sociocultural orientation4

• Sociolinguistic research on multilingualism2

• Spaces 3, 12, 14, 16, 28, 47, 56, 61–62, 65–66, 70, 77, 129, 132

• Stimulated recalls 30, 35, 91

• Storytellers17

• Storytelling 53, 70, 150

• Student writers 11, 14, 25, 125, 130, 139–141

• Students vii, 3–4, 11, 14, 16, 25, 29, 32, 35, 37–38, 42–44, 55–56, 68, 90–92, 96, 103, 105, 107, 112, 121–122, 125–141, 143, 153–155

• Study Skills3

• Sustained engagement 4, 9, 15, 24–29, 33, 35, 48, 51, 54, 72, 84, 92, 135, 140

• Sustained interaction 23, 30

• Talk around text 25, 109, 118–119, 135

• Talk around texts 11, 14, 28, 46, 84, 125–126, 131, 135, 139–140, 142

• Text vii–xi 6–7, 9–11, 13–14, 19, 25, 28, 31–32, 35, 37–42, 45–46, 49–50, 52, 56, 58–59, 75, 79, 83–87, 90, 92–102, 105–106, 108–110, 118–119, 122, 129, 132, 134–135, 137, 139, 142

• Text collection 42, 49

• Text Histories viii, 11, 105–106, 108, 110

• Text production viii, 10, 13, 83–86, 92–95, 97–101

• Text production processes 10, 13, 83–86, 92–95, 99–100

• Text-based interviews35

• Textography 10, 12, 14–15, 20, 39–45, 47–57, 59–60

• Textual analysis 14, 39–41, 44–45, 48, 50–53, 55–57, 109, 117

• Textual practices 40–41, 43–45, 47

• Textual representation 11, 14, 105–106, 108, 110, 115

• Theoretically-grounded9

• Theorization 9, 13, 26–27, 33

• Thick describers17

• Thick description 1, 3–6, 9, 12–13, 16, 19, 21–29, 32–37, 39–40, 50–52, 58, 72, 117, 135, 147

• Thick participation viii, 5, 9, 12–13, 15, 21, 24–26, 35–36, 50–52, 75

• Thin description 5–6, 23

• Think-aloud protocols30

• Trajectories viii, 3, 16–17, 20, 47, 64, 93–95, 142

• Transferability 15–16, 48, 51, 53, 117, 148

• Translation 18, 101, 117–118, 128–129, 139

• Transparency 16, 126

• Triangulation 4, 15, 45, 53–55, 76, 111, 117, 149

• Triangulation of research methods4

• Trustworthiness 1, 8, 10, 15–16, 39–41, 45–48, 51, 53–54, 58–59, 92, 111, 116–117, 148–149

• Trustworthiness criteria 10, 54

• Truth value148

• Two-way theorization33

• Underrepresented 11, 14, 16, 125–126, 128–129, 140–141

• Understanding viii–ix, 4, 7, 13, 16, 21–22, 24, 26, 28–29, 34–35, 49, 57, 61, 63, 65, 73, 77, 80–81, 84, 93, 95, 101, 112, 115–116, 120, 122, 128, 133, 136, 138, 140, 143, 148

• Unobtrusive textography 55, 60

• Validity 4, 16, 53, 75–76, 90, 112, 148

• Vernacular literacies134

• Virtual academic communication15

• Virtual environments 10, 56, 65

• Virtual ethnography 25, 63–64, 67, 79

• Vulnerable individuals 106, 108, 120

• Vulnerable participants113

• Webnography 64, 78

• Writers’ lives146

• Writing vii–xi 1–7, 9–14, 16–22, 24, 26–45, 48–60, 62, 66, 68, 70, 72–73, 75, 78–80, 83–103, 105, 109, 114–115, 117–119, 122–123, 125–143, 145–147, 150–151, 153–155

• Writing ecologies146

• Writing for audiences12

• Writing ideologies146

• Writing logs 109, 117–119

• Writing pedagogies146

• Writing practices 2, 7, 16, 22, 40–42, 44, 49–52, 55–57, 70, 72, 94, 97, 126, 128, 136

• Writing processes 2, 4, 7, 10–12, 17, 20, 83–96, 98, 100–103, 129, 146

• Writing theories146

• Writing-in-the-disciplines pedagogy127