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Journal mutations
Part of
Methods in Study Abroad Research: Past, present, and future
Edited by Carmen Pérez-Vidal and Cristina Sanz
[
Research Methods in Applied Linguistics
4] 2023
► pp.
383
–
383
◄
previous
Index
A
Accent
117, 125, 224, 291, 295
Accentedness
42, 187, 295
Acceptability
159, 170, 212, 231, 239, 243–244, 249, 253, 257
Accuracy
4–5, 21–22, 34–35, 38–41, 43, 47, 92, 94, 100, 112, 118, 120, 125, 137, 158–159, 161, 163–164, 167, 175, 184, 188, 194, 196, 209–210, 212–213, 220–221, 224–225, 230–232, 234, 241, 244–256, 258, 303, 309, 350–351, 359, 378
Acoustic
42, 187, 195, 294, 296, 298–299, 301, 303, 306
ACTFL
87, 220, 229, 242–243, 348–349, 355–357, 364
Activity
20, 41, 61, 63, 65, 69, 72, 128–129, 168, 245, 248, 283, 353, 358, 367
Activation
191, 332
Activating
187, 192
Adaptation
14–15, 139, 186, 233, 267, 271, 276, 349, 356
Address forms
90, 269, 275
Adequacy
16, 184, 240, 242, 253, 259
Adjectives
171, 212, 226, 326
Adjustment
113
Adverbs
166, 212, 250
Advice
110, 147, 268, 275, 280, 346
Affect
6, 43, 125, 126, 277, 332, 346
Affective
14–15, 22, 53, 91, 114, 172, 209–210, 265, 271, 281–284, 286, 324, 332
Positive and Negative Affectivity Schedule (PANAS)
332
PANAS
332
Affinity
11, 18, 102
Affordances
33, 67, 141–143, 265, 269, 277, 283–284, 286, 324, 367–368, 374, 376–377
Age
5, 11, 15, 24, 62–63, 68–71, 75, 91, 93, 99–100, 143, 197, 215, 230, 297, 303–304, 320, 357
Agency
6, 12, 21, 46, 60, 63, 67–69, 102, 109, 115–118, 139–142, 145, 353, 355, 363, 373, 376, 380
Agreeableness
321, 329–330
Agreement
39, 166–167, 171, 213, 221, 223, 225–226, 240, 244, 246–247, 250–251, 257, 326
Alignment
70, 115
Allophone
296, 42, 296
Alter
356, 358–360, 364
Alternation
248
Ambiguity
275, 324, 330
Amplitude
169–170, 294
Analytical
20–22, 109, 113, 121, 126, 128, 137, 140, 165, 282, 374
Ancestral
64, 66
ANOVAs
298, 357
Anthropological
35
Anxiety
5, 23, 114, 197–199, 215, 275, 321, 324–325, 333, 339
see also Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS)
324–325
Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE)
325
Apology
120, 268, 273, 280, 289
Appropriateness
114, 212, 246, 249, 268, 280
Aptitude
3, 5, 16, 23, 34, 44, 88, 91–92, 138, 197, 200–201, 257, 320, 325–328, 333–335
Articles
1, 95, 171, 226, 326
Articulation
99, 185–186, 188–190, 192–195, 197, 293–294
Articulatory
48, 185, 193, 197, 294
see also
Articulation rate (AR)
188–189, 194–195
Articulation rate (AR)
188–189, 194–19
Artifacts
62, 172
Aspect
39, 89, 137, 144, 148, 188, 221, 240, 247, 253, 256, 266, 333
Aspiration
294, 301
Assignment
109–111, 114, 119–120, 125–127
Assimilation
276, 300, 302, 308
Attainment
114, 252–253, 297, 374–375, 378
Attentional control
44, 192
Attitude
10, 89, 91, 115–116, 298–299, 304, 309
Audience
24, 110
Audio
42, 62, 73, 122–123, 126–127, 130, 267, 269, 271, 377
Authenticity
123, 125–126, 279, 380
Autobiography
135
Automaticity
185–186, 190–192
Automatization
16, 162, 186, 196, 212
Aware
24, 47–48, 68, 75, 118–121, 125, 129, 172, 258, 279, 304, 307, 335, 373, 376
Awareness
11, 18, 36, 49, 52, 72, 86, 88, 90–91, 109, 111–113, 115, 117–120, 122, 124–125, 144, 191, 241, 245, 265, 268, 270–273, 275, 281, 283, 286, 301, 355, 380
Language Awareness Interview (LAI)
90, 270
B
Backchannels
275, 283
Background
46, 72–74, 91, 127, 139, 147, 174, 197, 233, 259, 267–268, 271–272, 284, 309, 321, 351
Barcelona Study Abroad (BarSA) Project
13, 36
Behavioral
40–41, 114, 157–161, 163, 168, 170, 173–174, 230, 322, 332
Beliefs
5, 11, 23, 112, 117, 121–122, 233, 273, 281, 291, 319–320, 323–324, 332, 335
Between- vs. within-subjects
33
Bias
2, 38, 49–50, 72, 121–122, 145, 165, 238, 296, 301–304, 307, 311, 334–335, 76, 122, 235, 304, 379
Bilingual
22, 64, 144, 197, 233, 242, 283, 299–300, 308, 349, 352
see also
Monolingual
3, 11, 18, 20, 50, 64, 68, 72, 75, 145, 233
Plurilingual
124, 135, 145
Binning
291, 296, 305
Blogs
110, 112, 115, 119–120, 124, 130, 322, 354, 364, 376–377, 379
Bootstrap
51
Borrowings
224, 233
Brain
3, 41, 168–169, 173
Breakdown
21, 186–196, 198–199
C
CAF
21, 39–40, 47–48, 209–210, 212, 214–215, 221, 229–235, 241, 245–246, 249, 251–252
Calques
233
Case
60, 62, 68, 70, 74, 89, 90, 96, 111, 113–114, 117, 125, 137, 224, 230, 234, 248, 251, 253, 310
Categorical
47, 137–138, 142, 278
see also
Holistic
16–17, 137, 157–158, 175, 195
Causality
272, 278, 336, 364
Causation
329
Ceiling
249, 297, 350, 374
Centrality
345–346, 360–362, 365
Centralization
293–294
Clause
186, 190, 194–196, 211, 213, 216, 222, 247, 271, 277, 190, 199, 211, 213, 223, 246–247
Cluster
195, 353
Co-construction
138, 374
Coda
306
Code-switching
233
Coding
38, 76, 121, 128, 197, 248, 377
Cognitive
3, 5, 13, 15, 19, 21, 34–35, 37, 42, 44, 46, 48–49, 52, 91, 119, 157, 162, 164, 166–169, 171–173, 183, 186–187, 190, 192–194, 196–201, 210, 232–233, 257, 265, 276, 284, 286, 302, 304, 319–320, 325–328, 333, 373
Combined
5–6, 22, 70, 93, 95, 100, 111–112, 128, 137, 211, 347
Common European Framework of Reference_(CEFR)
242
CEFR
216, 219–220, 222, 226, 228, 242, 350, 360
Communication
14, 16, 46, 112–114, 116–117, 123, 147, 183, 186, 188, 215, 232, 240, 275–276, 284
Community
2–3, 12, 18, 44, 46, 65–67, 69, 72, 113, 115, 117–119, 121, 125, 129, 215, 224, 232, 240–241, 275, 346, 353, 374–377, 379–381, 3, 13, 16, 19–20, 23, 60–61, 63, 65, 68, 71, 73, 75, 83, 90, 93, 116, 123, 212, 231–232, 373, 379
Competence
14, 37–38, 40, 42–43, 47, 62, 66, 69, 76, 85, 87–89, 93, 109, 119–120, 125, 128–129, 144, 265–266, 268, 270, 272–277, 280, 284–285, 374–380
Complexity
4–5, 11, 15, 21, 35–36, 38–39, 60, 95, 98, 100, 112, 125, 137, 188, 190, 194, 209–218, 220–221, 230–233, 235, 240–241, 244–245, 247, 251–252, 255, 258–259, 281–282, 307–309, 311
Comprehension
21, 41–42, 92, 98, 119, 157, 159, 161–165, 169–170, 173–174, 239–240, 243–246, 249–251, 254–255, 257–259
Comprehensible
183, 186
Comprehensibility
196, 199
see also
Production
11, 21, 35–40, 42–43, 47, 122, 127, 129, 137, 151, 157, 161, 164, 184–186, 188–197, 199–200, 209–213, 229, 234–235, 239–240, 243–248, 250–251, 253–255, 257, 267–273, 275–277, 279–280, 286, 291, 293, 295–296, 298–300, 302, 326
Conceptualization
185–186, 190, 192, 282, 327
Concurrent
20, 48, 85, 94–97, 101, 103, 286
see also
Sequential
16, 20, 85, 94–97, 99–100, 102
Condition
159–160, 171, 254, 268, 299
Confidence
6, 14, 34, 51, 67, 116, 118, 122, 138, 144, 276, 356, 365
Conscientiousness
321, 330
Consistency
34, 188, 196, 275, 328
Consonant
190, 294, 305–306, 293–294, 305–306
Constraints
46, 64, 183–184, 248–249, 258, 283, 292, 297
Contact
2–3, 5, 12–13, 17, 34–36, 43–45, 48, 64–65, 89, 96, 101, 110–111, 118, 121, 162, 171, 215, 230, 267–275, 278–279, 282, 284, 286, 301, 331–332, 345, 355–358, 363, 375
Control
10, 12, 23, 39, 44, 46, 114, 120, 162, 164, 166, 249, 299, 303, 326
Conversation
62, 68, 70, 76, 98, 104, 112, 115–116, 118, 147, 245, 302, 346
Coordination
15, 96, 211, 214, 218, 247, 252
Corpus
137–138, 141, 146–148, 150, 267, 272, 281, 377, 379
Correlation
171, 213, 232, 256, 271, 297, 346
Correlate
189, 274, 299, 302
Correlational/Associational
33, 35
Covariates
299, 301, 305, 307–309
Credibility
73, 76–77, 110, 120–121, 125, 127, 130, 354
Crosslinguistic
251–252
Cross-sectional
16, 100, 170, 266–267, 269, 272, 307, 378
CSL
301, 379–380
see also
Longitudinal
21–23, 39, 62, 101, 103–104, 111, 113, 162, 170–171, 174, 195, 214, 229–230, 232, 245, 266–269, 271–272, 283, 299, 310, 322, 331, 336, 341–342, 349–350, 353–354, 363, 365–368, 378
C-test
91, 244, 250
Cue
159, 294, 305, 23, 55, 159, 175, 177, 250, 262, 294, 298, 305–306
Culture
11, 64–66, 68, 70, 72, 77, 89, 112–113, 115–116, 125, 136, 140, 143, 147, 199, 270, 274, 276, 304, 326, 330, 332, 349–350, 375, 377–378
Cultural
5–6, 9–12, 22, 43, 52, 60, 65–67, 69, 89–90, 99, 109, 111–115, 117–119, 122, 126–127, 129, 144, 147, 231, 267, 269, 271, 275–276, 282, 322, 324, 349, 365, 374–376, 379–380
Bicultural
64
see also
Intercultural
20, 61, 76, 109, 111, 113–114, 118–119, 124–125, 129, 144, 232, 267–268, 273, 275, 281, 348–349, 355, 357, 362, 364–365, 367, 374–380
Expanded Cultural Intelligence Scale (E-CQS)
322
D
d
7–8, 14–15, 25–26, 28, 53–57, 78, 80, 82, 104–106, 131–134, 152–153, 155, 159, 176–179, 201–204, 212, 217–218, 220, 260, 287–289, 300, 306, 311–314, 320, 338–342, 344, 369–372, 381–382
Declarative
171, 185
Deflection
169
DELE
38
Density
13, 15, 212–213, 218, 220, 345–347, 356–357, 360–362
Dependent
49, 52, 95, 163, 211, 274, 285, 298, 303, 305, 310, 351
Description
5, 17, 23, 38, 60, 73, 95, 98, 110, 123, 127, 157, 187, 211, 229, 267, 296–297, 332, 335–336
Determiners
159, 253
Dialect
3, 233, 306, 346
Dialectal
224, 233, 291, 296, 301
Dialogic
183, 188, 194, 199
Diary
3, 86, 88, 96, 109, 113–114, 119, 147, 230, 267, 270, 349, 1, 4–6, 13, 19–21, 38, 47, 88–90, 109–111, 113–114, 118, 121, 130, 132, 137, 139, 348–349, 354, 363, 374–375, 377, 379–380
Directionality
278, 327, 329
Discourse
18, 42, 60, 62, 68, 70, 74, 93, 95, 112–113, 122, 124, 128, 136, 220, 230, 246–248, 253, 268, 271, 277, 351–352, 379–380
Discourse Completion Task (DCT)
93, 267, 269, 271, 280, 284
Discrete
38, 43, 120, 125, 296, 308, 328, 334
see also
Global
35, 37–38, 41, 47, 65, 75, 130, 144–145, 195–196, 213, 231, 233, 245–247, 250, 252–254, 279, 295, 312, 314, 328, 330, 366, 375, 380
Discrimination
42, 65, 300
Disengagement
64–65
Disfluency
186
Dispersion
356–357
Distractor
159
Distribution
118, 169, 190–191, 194, 199, 304
Diversity
3, 13, 15, 19, 71–72, 91, 114, 128, 130, 145, 211–212, 214, 218, 233, 239, 252, 256, 297, 351, 357, 364
Drawings
21, 137
Durability
174, 345, 356–360
Duration
14–15, 24, 42, 67, 100, 165–167, 189–192, 195–197, 234, 242, 252, 257–258, 273, 291, 293–294, 297–298, 301–303, 305, 358, 360
Dyads
352–353
Dynamic
6, 21–23, 37, 115, 139–140, 143–145, 151, 168, 210, 215, 231–232, 259, 265, 269, 282–283, 285, 293, 307, 310–311, 320, 324, 329, 331–332, 336, 350, 363, 373–374, 376
See also
Stability
5, 273, 323
Stable
115, 320, 327, 329, 333, 359
E
Effort
16, 45, 50, 85, 102, 129, 135, 164, 321–323
Ego
121, 346, 353, 355–356, 358–361, 364–365
Egocentric
23, 345–346, 348, 352–353, 355, 360, 362–363, 367
EEG
169–170, 172
Elicitation
9, 13, 16, 21–22, 38, 43, 62, 138, 183–185, 187–188, 191, 194, 199, 240, 243–244, 255, 257, 298, 300, 302–303, 325
Elicited Imitation Task_(EIT)
38, 333, 338
EIT
38, 43, 47, 243, 333–334
Embedded
6, 20, 85, 95–97, 101, 103, 122, 160, 232, 353, 380
Embeddedness
13, 52, 114, 247
Emic
77, 128, 322, 335, 374, 379
Emotions
5, 11, 23, 91, 125, 281, 283, 286, 319, 321, 324–325, 332–333, 335
Emotional
5, 85, 91, 102, 125–126, 198, 281, 285, 303, 325, 330, 332–333, 346, 353, 364, 379
Encoding
185–186, 189–192, 195
see also
Coding
38, 76, 121, 128, 197, 248, 377
Encounter
3–4, 6, 116, 124, 143, 266, 377, 20, 45, 62, 88, 111–112, 118–119, 137, 141–143, 148–149, 348, 377
English as a Lingua Franca_(ELF)
13, 27, 72, 144, 146, 153, 262, 350, 380
ELF
13, 18, 340, 350–351, 357–358, 364
English-Medium Instruction
331
Enjoyment
5, 325, 333
Foreign Language Enjoyment_(FLE)
325
FLE
325
see also
Anxiety
5, 23, 114, 197–199, 215, 275, 321, 324–325, 333
Environment
6, 35, 44, 46, 90, 114, 117, 121, 148, 157, 198–199, 241, 245–246, 257, 265, 269, 274, 279, 296, 304, 320, 322, 335, 368, 373–374, 376, 378–379
Error
5, 39, 47, 49, 91, 118, 209, 212–213, 221–226, 235, 239–240, 246–248, 302–303, 307, 311, 39, 47, 51, 58, 119, 124, 127, 191, 212–213, 221–223, 225–226, 234, 246, 255, 298, 302, 304
Error-free
39, 47, 209, 212–213, 221–225, 240, 246
Essay
4, 100, 137, 154, 229–230, 243–244, 332
Ethics
24, 71, 73–75, 102, 200, 281, 285, 334, 368
Ethical
24, 50–51, 72, 74, 102, 110, 115, 119, 121, 125, 127–129, 174–175, 233–234, 258, 285–286, 303–304, 334, 337, 368
Ethnicity
63, 66, 91, 140, 143, 234
Ethnographic
3, 20, 52, 70, 87–88, 111, 128, 379
Ethnorelativity
118
Ethnography
59–60, 62, 70, 74, 95, 269
Event
40, 54, 127, 140, 147, 157–158, 168, 170, 172, 248–249, 284, 18, 20, 72, 101, 113, 122, 126, 135, 137, 141, 143, 147–148, 150–151, 169, 343
Event-related potentials (ERPs)
40, 157, 168, 170
ERPs
21, 40, 157, 168–170, 172, 174
Evidentiality
253
Excerpts
121, 125, 187–188, 258, 276
Expanded Cultural Intelligence Scale (E-CQS)
322
see also
Culture
11, 64–66, 68, 70, 72, 77, 89, 112–113, 115–116, 125, 136, 140, 143, 147, 199, 270, 274, 276, 304, 326, 330, 332, 349–350, 375, 377–378
Experiential
112, 127, 162, 172, 376, 379
Experimental/Quasi-experimental
33
Experimental
24, 33, 35, 40, 46, 50, 95, 114, 120, 159–161, 163–165, 170, 172, 174–175, 233–234, 244, 258, 280, 298–299, 304, 329, 336
Quasi-experimental
33, 35, 329, 336
Exposure
44, 46, 68, 160, 162, 171, 196, 200, 224, 241, 252, 256, 268–269, 272–274, 277–278, 324, 345, 379
Extraversion
321, 330
Eye-tracking
21, 41, 157–158, 164–168, 172–175, 230, 233, 244, 250, 255, 257
see also
Gaze
16, 20, 40–41, 165
F
Face
48, 91, 112, 151, 183, 265, 273–274, 363, 367–368, 380
Facebook
346
Fear
5, 324
Feedback,
11, 70, 72, 109–110, 112, 119, 125–127, 129–130, 274, 283, 352, 367
Fieldwork
150, 291
Film retells
243
Five-Factor Inventory
43
Fixation
41, 165–167
Fluency
5, 10–11, 14–15, 21–22, 34, 36, 38–39, 41–42, 92, 100, 118, 120–121, 125, 137, 167, 175, 183, 209–210, 213, 220, 227, 230, 233, 241, 245, 258, 291, 295, 326, 341, 350, 359, 364, 378
Fluidity
189–190, 233, 256
Focal
20, 97, 286, 353
Focus on form
194, 246, 249
Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale_(FLCAS
)
324
FLCAS
324–325
see also
Anxiety
5, 23, 114, 197–199, 215, 275, 321, 324–325, 333
Foreign Language Enjoyment_(FLE)
325
see also
Enjoyment
5, 325, 333
Form
22, 34, 41, 88, 122, 129–130, 135–138, 150, 163, 185, 194, 200, 220, 230, 239–240, 243, 246, 248, 254, 256, 298, 302, 306, 310, 320, 377
see also
Function
130, 186, 220–221, 230, 239–240, 243, 246, 255–256, 306, 377
Form/Function
220, 230, 239–240, 243, 246, 256
Focus on form
194, 246, 249
Formal
2, 20, 39, 100, 109, 111, 116–117, 128, 210, 214, 240, 246, 274, 285, 297–300, 302, 307, 351, 362–363
Formality
93, 275, 302
Formal instruction
111, 214, 297, 299, 302, 307
Formants
293–294, 303, 305
Formulation
185–186, 190, 192–193
Formulaic
92, 214, 230, 276
Frequency
13, 38, 45, 101, 116, 118, 163–164, 186–187, 189–192, 195–197, 199, 212, 220, 249, 253–254, 256, 258, 271–272, 282, 284–285, 293, 303, 306, 330, 356, 358
Function
130, 185–186, 188–189, 199, 220–221, 230, 239–240, 243, 246, 255–256, 274, 306, 377
Form/Function
220, 230, 239–240, 243, 246, 256
Focus on form
194, 246, 249
see also
Form
22, 34, 41, 62, 88, 122, 129–130, 135–138, 150, 163, 185–186, 191, 194, 200, 220, 230, 239–240, 243, 246, 248, 250, 254, 256, 298, 302, 306, 308, 310, 320, 352, 377
Futurity
248
G
Gaze
16, 20, 40–41, 165
Gender
3, 10, 24, 63–65, 88, 91, 115–117, 120, 143, 171, 200, 213, 221, 223, 226, 246–251, 253–254, 257, 271, 273, 275–276, 304, 320, 326, 346, 357, 376
Gendered
65, 109, 116, 224, 226, 273, 275
Generalizability
24, 33, 45, 50, 122–123, 234, 282, 335
Geometric data analysis
99
Gesture
151, 280
Global
35, 37–38, 41, 47, 65, 75, 130, 144–145, 195–196, 213, 231, 233, 245–247, 250, 252–254, 279, 295, 328, 330, 366, 375, 380
see also
Discrete
38, 43, 120, 125, 296, 308, 328, 334
Goodness-of-fit
300
Grammar
2, 4–5, 12, 19, 40, 48–49, 88, 90–92, 117, 120, 124–125, 161, 198, 209, 239–241, 243, 245–246, 249, 253–256, 259, 280, 292, 374, 378
Grammatical
3, 13, 22, 34–35, 39–40, 92, 94, 113–115, 118–120, 125, 129, 161–162, 169, 171, 184–188, 190–191, 196, 210, 221–226, 239–246, 248–259, 266, 270, 328, 351
Grammaticality
40, 157, 159, 161, 170–171, 243–245, 331
Grammaticality Judgment Tasks
40–41
Granularity
328
Growth
1, 4, 11, 13, 15, 33, 35–36, 41, 46–47, 50, 61, 89, 114, 144, 269, 274, 291, 310, 350, 380
H
Hair cortisol
325
Harassment
65, 88
Hawthorne effects
327
Heritage
11, 18, 20, 64, 66, 116–117, 174, 209, 212, 220, 226, 229, 233, 281, 308, 374–375
Hesitations
184, 186, 188
Heteronormative
276
Normalization
303
Normativity
276
see also
Norm
64, 309, 5, 28, 64–65, 79, 118–119, 212, 233, 240, 248–249, 254, 266, 273, 276, 281, 296
Holistic
16–17, 137, 157–158, 175, 195
see also
Categorical
47, 137–138, 142, 278
Homestay
14, 62, 68–69, 72, 113, 241, 274, 355, 365, 379
Residence
10, 12, 69, 90, 197, 252, 267–268, 272, 282, 295, 298, 357, 362
see also
Housing
91
Host
19–20, 24, 44–46, 61, 64–70, 72, 75, 77, 89–92, 111–113, 115–119, 121–122, 125–126, 129–130, 224, 232, 235, 241, 245, 266, 268–269, 273–274, 331, 348–350, 355, 361, 365, 368, 375–377, 379–381
see also
Housing
91
Residence
10, 12, 69, 90, 197, 252, 267–268, 272, 282, 295, 298, 357, 362
Homophily
351, 355, 363–364
Honorifics
64, 93, 95, 270, 274
Housing
91
see also
Host
19–20, 24, 44–46, 61, 64–70, 72, 75, 77, 89–92, 111–113, 115–119, 121–122, 125–126, 129–130, 224, 232, 235, 241, 245, 266, 268–269, 273–274, 331, 348–350, 355, 361, 365, 368, 375–377, 379–381
Humanistic
110
Humor
66, 70, 280
Hypothesis
12, 49, 51, 86, 221, 224, 231–232, 348
I
Identity
3, 5–6, 11, 18, 20–22, 59–61, 63–67, 70, 73, 75–76, 91–93, 100–102, 113–117, 125, 135–140, 143–146, 150, 210, 224, 231, 269–270, 273–274, 276–277, 280, 286, 345–346, 353, 379
Ideology
23, 143, 343, 59–61, 63, 68, 74, 140, 332
Ideological
63, 146
Idiodynamic
22, 283–284, 286
Image
130, 159, 220, 226, 229, 377
Imageability
163
Immersion
3–6, 10–11, 15–16, 23, 33, 35–37, 39–42, 48, 52, 61, 67–68, 73, 76, 95, 110–112, 162, 166, 171, 184, 187–188, 193, 209, 214–215, 221, 227, 242, 323, 374
Immersive
9–10, 16, 18, 21, 23, 115, 184, 220–221, 232–234, 291, 376
Implicatures
162
Index
116, 170, 211–212, 247, 276, 345, 358–359, 377
Indices
22, 47, 158, 195, 232–233, 235, 65, 193, 270
Induction
362
Influences
94, 111, 117, 259, 319, 331
Informal
88–89, 96, 101, 221, 232, 274, 276, 302, 328, 347–349, 360, 362, 364
Input
6, 12, 24, 33, 40–41, 44, 115, 118, 121, 145, 151, 172–173, 230, 240–241, 249–250, 254, 256–259, 277, 280–282, 292, 295, 299, 301–302, 305, 310, 345, 348
Insecurity
324
Instructional
46, 111, 126, 271
Integration
14, 44, 73, 85–87, 89–90, 94–99, 101, 139, 241, 276–277, 282, 345
Intelligence
5, 85, 91, 284, 322, 330, 379
Intelligibility
295–296
Intensity
12, 42, 102, 268, 271–272, 281, 284, 286, 294, 297, 302, 305, 309, 356–358, 360, 364–365
Interactional
62, 67, 69–70, 118, 138, 200, 265, 280, 284, 365
Intercultural
20, 58, 61, 109, 111, 113–114, 118–119, 124–125, 129, 144, 232, 267–268, 273, 275, 281, 348–349, 355, 357, 362, 364–365, 367, 374–380
Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI)
114, 267–268, 357, 370, 377
Interface
20, 85, 87, 94, 97–101, 103
Intermediate
15, 88–89, 92, 161, 170–171, 211, 214, 216–222, 224–229, 231, 252, 325, 351
International posture
325
Internship
18, 232, 377, 380
Inter-speaker
189, 199
Intervention
46, 86, 94–96, 103, 112, 126, 129, 185, 304, 11, 20, 58, 110–112, 114–115, 124, 126, 129, 184, 231–232, 235
Interview
16–17, 21, 23, 38, 43, 45, 47, 52, 62, 72–73, 76, 81–82, 89–97, 99–101, 103, 111–112, 114, 116–117, 125, 127, 135, 137, 139, 141, 145, 148, 150, 187–188, 194, 216–217, 221–223, 229, 231, 266–267, 269–272, 279–280, 284, 322–325, 331–332, 335, 346–348, 350–351, 353–354, 358, 363–364, 366, 375–378
Intonation
291, 295, 298
Inventories
111, 329
Investment
4, 62–63, 67–68, 102, 113, 116, 128, 199, 281–282, 286
IRIS
76, 355, 358
J
Journal
1, 3, 10, 103, 111, 113–114, 116, 118–122, 124–128, 131–134, 218, 228, 237, 266, 270, 279, 338–344, 370–372, 377, 4, 6, 43, 62, 73, 95, 109–130, 139, 225, 267, 269, 322, 332, 335, 337, 376–379
Judges
21, 92, 199
Judgment
2, 40, 157, 159–161, 163, 170–171, 331
K
Keystroke logging
22, 230, 233
L
L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS)
321–322
Language and Social Networks Abroad (LANGSNAP) Project
358
LANGSNAP
13, 18, 36, 97, 100–103, 137, 358, 378
Latency
16, 20–21, 40–41, 157, 160, 165, 169, 197, 199
Layered
86–88, 93
Leave-taking
280
Legitimate
69, 274
Lenite
294
Lenition
298, 308
Lexis
11, 48, 90, 350
Lexical
15, 34, 39–41, 117, 120, 125, 129, 137, 159, 161–162, 164, 169, 184–188, 190–193, 196–197, 201, 211–212, 214–218, 220–226, 230–233, 235, 240, 246–247, 249–250, 258, 291, 295, 303, 322, 326, 328, 351, 359, 364, 377
Likert scales
192
Linear
39, 47, 199, 215, 231–232, 271, 276, 357, 378
Linearity
268
Linear mixed effects models (LMMs)
232
Listeners
186–187, 192, 234
Listening
41–42, 87, 90, 112, 115, 118–119, 130, 138, 157, 159–160, 162, 324
Literacy
88, 353
Log
303, 348, 350, 357, 365, 12, 21, 89, 96, 110, 112, 119, 130, 137, 230, 349, 353–354, 363
Logbook
360
Longitudinal
21–23, 39, 62, 101, 103–104, 111, 113, 162, 170–171, 174, 195, 214, 229–230, 232, 241, 245, 266–269, 271–272, 283, 299, 310, 322, 331, 336, 349–350, 353–354, 363, 365–368, 378
see also
Cross-sectional
16, 100, 170, 266–267, 269, 272, 307, 378
M
Marginalized
66, 71, 74–75, 234, 379
Marker
230, 271, 275, 277, 220, 248, 273, 277, 288, 351, 353, 362
Markedness
239, 254, 256, 258, 309
Marking
247–251, 253–254, 256
Maturational
297
Mean length of run (MLoR)
189, 193–195
Mean syllable length (SL)
189
Meaning-making
20, 129
Media
13, 17, 77, 130, 146, 231–232, 376–377, 379
Medium
13–14, 110, 214, 221, 246, 252, 255, 331, 351, 359, 365, 380
Memory
44, 48, 161–162, 166–167, 171–172, 186–187, 192, 197–198, 200, 299, 309, 319–320, 326, 149, 280, 283
Memorable
69, 101, 141, 143
Merging
302, 308
Meta-analyses
9–10, 14–15, 19–20, 378
Metalinguistic
85, 88, 124, 240–241, 275, 301
Metaphor
278
Migrants
4, 135, 145–146
Minorities
146
Mitigation
271–272, 304
Mixed methods
85–87, 93–95, 97–100, 102, 103, 111, 234, 265–267, 270–272, 275–276, 278, 283, 286, 299, 309, 365–366, 378
Mobility
12, 138, 146
Modality
39–40, 47, 240, 247, 253, 256, 302
Modes
90, 188, 240, 244, 257, 266
Monolingual
3, 11, 18, 20, 50, 64, 68, 72, 75, 145, 233
see also
Bilingual
22, 64, 144, 197, 233, 242, 283, 299–300, 308, 349, 352
Plurilingual
124, 135, 145
Monologic
188, 194, 199
Mood
137, 321, 332
Morpheme
213, 246
Morphosyntax
10, 166–167
Morphosyntactic
22, 39–41, 159, 166, 169, 185, 193, 230, 240, 242, 245, 248, 250–252, 257, 295
Morpho-phonologically
192
Motivation
3, 5, 12, 16, 22–23, 34, 43, 46, 89, 91, 97, 112, 115, 117, 121, 138, 170, 197, 199, 215, 221, 224, 227, 230–232, 270, 281, 297, 304, 309, 319–324, 331–332, 334–336, 348–349, 355, 364, 379
Motives
90, 322, 331, 347
Movement
41, 164–167, 172, 240, 253
Multiple correspondence analysis
99–100, 103
Multiplexity
345–347, 358, 360, 365
Multisite research
33
N
Narrative
6, 59–60, 62, 70, 74, 90, 110–111, 123, 128, 135–142, 144, 146–151, 156, 187, 198, 205, 207, 217, 223, 322, 335, 347, 5–6, 13, 19–21, 63, 78, 80, 88, 100, 109–111, 121, 125, 135–143, 146–148, 150–151, 188, 194, 236, 243–245, 262, 270, 288, 335, 376, 379
Natural
19, 59, 93, 167, 190, 244, 246, 253, 270, 274, 278–279, 285, 294, 298, 308
Naturalistic
22, 111, 215, 240–241, 283, 298, 325, 345
Negotiation
33, 64–67, 70, 210, 270, 280, 367
Network
23, 62, 67, 69, 89, 96, 101–103, 141, 230, 281, 283–284, 306, 310, 345–368, 375, 379–380, 5–7, 12–13, 18–19, 22–23, 37, 45, 63–64, 67–69, 82–83, 89, 100–102, 105, 112, 115, 127, 132, 155, 210, 221, 231–232, 236, 263, 276, 281, 283, 286, 331–332, 340, 345–365, 367–368, 373, 375, 378–379
SNI
358–359
Social Network
345–368
Social Networking Index_(SNI)
358
Language Engagement Questionnaire (LEQ) and Social Networking Questionnaire (SNQ
)
358
Neural
41, 169–173
Neurocognitive
168–172, 175
Neuroticism
321, 330
Neutralization
308
News-telling
70
Nodes
346, 353, 357
Nominal
213, 246
Non-linearity
268
Norm
64, 309, 5, 28, 64–65, 79, 118–119, 212, 233, 240, 248–249, 254, 266, 273, 276, 281, 296
Normalization
303
Normativity
276
see also
Heteronormative
276
Noticing
86, 257–258, 348
O
Obstruents
291, 294, 305–306
Online
1, 16, 19, 40–41, 76, 99, 110, 146, 230, 232, 243, 250–251, 281, 335, 349, 355, 357, 363, 367–368, 376–377
Openness
13, 91, 145, 321, 330
Oppositions
306
Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI)
38, 87, 96, 188, 295, 328, 348, 356–357
OPI
22, 38, 43, 47, 87–89, 242, 244, 246, 295, 302, 328, 330, 332, 334, 357, 364, 366
Output
33, 198, 213
Oxford Quick Placement Test
38
P
Pajek
346, 378
Pause
186–187, 189–192, 194–196, 199, 306
Pausing
188–190, 192, 195, 197, 230
Filled
186, 190–191, 195, 199
Unfilled
186, 191, 199
Perception
127, 136, 187, 192, 234, 254, 276–277, 294, 299–301, 303, 308, 26, 34, 92, 131, 139, 204–205, 230, 243, 269, 273, 276, 280–281, 338, 341–342, 378
Perceived
64–65, 74, 88, 117, 183, 186–187, 190–192, 194–196, 257, 285, 294, 324, 335
Perfect
292, 303
Performance
21, 34, 38–39, 43, 46, 49, 88, 91, 93, 110–111, 129, 135, 157–163, 167, 170, 174–175, 184–185, 187, 190, 196, 198, 214, 229, 232, 242, 258, 268, 271–272, 274, 279, 324–325, 352
Processing
12–13, 20–21, 37, 40–41, 44, 48, 52, 62, 127, 130, 157–164, 166–175, 183–184, 186, 190, 192–193, 195, 199–201, 215, 221, 231, 233, 239–240, 243–245, 250–251, 255, 257–259, 279, 299, 325
Personality
3, 5, 11, 23, 43, 115, 197, 199, 275, 304, 309, 319–321, 327, 329–331, 335, 357, 379
Phonology
2, 19, 24, 42, 295, 298, 304–306, 378
Phonological
11, 22–23, 41–42, 44, 48, 185–186, 190, 198, 230, 291, 293, 295, 299, 306–307, 309, 326, 360
Phonation
189–191, 194
Phonatory
294
Phoneme
42, 293, 306, 42, 313
Phonetics
291, 300 Phrasal 39, 211, 233
Picture
13–14, 38, 44, 100, 128, 137, 148, 159, 161, 163, 183, 187–188, 191, 193–194, 216–217, 222–223, 229–230, 243–245, 247, 250, 265, 285, 326, 335, 355
Pilot
16, 164, 243
Plot
21, 137
Plurilingual
124, 135, 145
Plurilingualism
5, 135, 143, 146
see also
Monolingual
3, 11, 18, 20, 50, 64, 68, 72, 75, 145, 233
Bilingual
22, 64, 144, 197, 233, 242, 283, 299–300, 308, 349, 352
Polarity
169–170
Policy
85, 113–114
Politeness
112, 118–119, 269, 280
Poststructuralist
61, 63, 143
Power
6, 14, 18, 20, 49, 61, 63, 70, 87, 115, 118, 126–127, 143, 168, 172, 210, 272, 283, 307, 323, 332, 353, 365
Praat
23, 293, 297, 301
Pragmalinguistic
265–266, 276, 283
Pragmatics
4–6, 12, 19, 22, 25, 28–29, 57, 79, 82, 92, 95, 125, 266–267, 269–270, 272, 277–285, 287–289, 292, 372, 377
Pragmatic
6, 11, 41–42, 64, 66, 69, 114, 125, 129, 161–162, 175, 222–223, 225–226, 230, 232, 240, 265–266, 268, 270–286, 322, 373
Predictors
87–88, 172, 196–197, 301, 356–357
Present
4, 9, 17, 19, 23, 33, 48, 63, 77, 85, 98, 100, 123, 136, 140, 143, 146, 158, 172, 193, 241, 245, 248, 250, 274, 279, 322, 359, 361, 363–364
Priming
21, 157, 160
Procedural
171–172, 326
Proceduralized
185
Production
11, 21, 35–40, 42–43, 47, 122, 127, 129, 137, 151, 157, 161, 164, 184–186, 188–197, 199–200, 209–213, 229, 234–235, 239–240, 243–248, 250–251, 253–255, 257, 267–273, 275–277, 279–280, 286, 291, 293, 295–296, 298–300, 302, 326
see also
Comprehension
21, 41–42, 92, 98, 119, 157, 159, 161–165, 169–170, 173–174, 239–240, 243–246, 249–251, 254–255, 257–259
Profile
12, 44, 220, 345, 355, 357, 12, 111, 200, 206, 331–332
Program
33, 35–37, 43, 46, 49, 71, 74–75, 85, 88–90, 92–93, 111, 121, 123–127, 129, 161, 168, 193, 215–216, 219–220, 229, 232, 297–298, 300, 302, 309–310, 323–325, 330–331, 375, 380
Programmatic
22, 231
Prompts
5, 76, 110–111, 117, 124–127, 129, 217, 284
Prosody
148, 280, 295
Prosodic
196, 280, 298, 300
Protocols
52, 102, 168
Psycholinguistics
157
Psychosocial
19, 34, 37, 42–43, 49, 52, 95–96, 103, 319–321, 324, 327, 329
Q
Qualitative
2, 16–17, 19–20, 22–23, 35, 43, 45, 48, 51, 59–63, 67, 69–74, 76, 85–102, 106, 109–113, 120–123, 127–128, 148, 150, 162, 169–170, 184, 193, 230, 234, 241, 254–256, 265–267, 269–274, 277–278, 286, 309, 322–323, 335–336, 347, 356, 362–364, 366, 368, 373, 377–378
Quantitative
1–2, 14, 16, 19–20, 33–37, 39–43, 45–49, 51–52, 60, 62, 85–99, 101–103, 109–111, 113–114, 116, 120–122, 162, 169, 241, 245–248, 250–252, 254, 256, 265–272, 277–278, 286, 297, 299, 309, 322–323, 325–326, 331, 334–336, 346, 355–356, 358, 360, 363, 366, 368, 378
R
Race
3, 19, 63, 66, 74, 113, 116–117, 234, 376, 379
Racialized
65, 74, 109, 116, 234
Random
46, 51, 118, 212, 232, 234, 301, 303, 307–309, 334
Randomization
16, 230
Rate
36, 42, 52, 159, 186–189, 192–195, 223, 248, 252–253, 303, 306, 334, 374, 192
Ratio
190–191, 212, 216, 220, 247
Readiness
44, 46, 173, 253, 258–259
Reading
6, 41–42, 87–88, 90–91, 98, 115, 118, 121, 141, 148, 157, 159–162, 166–167, 250, 298, 302, 349
Realities
59, 61, 93, 126, 138, 151, 323
Recall
19, 42, 48, 62, 92, 125, 193, 198, 280, 284
Recordings
20, 24, 62, 73, 77, 111–112, 127, 267, 269–271, 298, 302, 304, 354
Reduction
196, 291, 294, 301–302, 308
Reflection
85–87, 94, 109–110, 113, 117, 119–120, 124, 129–130, 239, 258, 279
Reflective
109–111, 113, 120, 124, 251, 332, 349, 376
Reflexivity
59, 73, 76–77, 121
Reformulations
186, 191, 195
Refugees
146
Refusals
280
Regression
49, 165–166, 199, 268, 271, 328, 356, 358
Reliability
15, 23, 33–34, 38, 45, 49–50, 120, 183, 301–302, 309, 327, 336, 365, 367
Repair
21, 186–192, 194–196, 198–199, 233, 367
Repertoires
3, 67, 69, 231
Repetitions
186, 189–191, 195
Replication
13, 20, 22, 50, 52, 167, 255–256, 281–282, 286, 308, 333, 366, 368
Reports
11, 23, 65, 72, 120, 122, 257, 267, 271, 296–297, 349, 351, 354
Requests
271–272, 280
Residence
10, 12, 69, 90, 197, 252, 267–268, 272, 282, 295, 298, 357, 362
see also
Homestay
14, 62, 68–69, 72, 113, 241, 274, 355, 365, 379
Housing
91
Response
40–41, 91, 158–160, 162–164, 168–173, 199
Stimulus
136–137, 158–159, 168, 243, 250, 302
see also
Stimuli
41, 129, 159–160, 163–165, 167–170, 172, 174
Restarts
186, 191, 195
Retelling
38, 135, 140
Retrieval
41, 185, 193, 197, 201
Retrodictive Qualitative Modelling (RQM)
270, 288
Retrospective
62, 93, 137, 139, 267, 269–271, 279, 283
Richness
6, 138, 184, 196, 240, 252
Role-Play
38, 216, 222–223
Route
252–253
Routine
69, 111, 70, 119, 271, 276, 280
Rubrics
112
S
Saliency
239, 254, 256, 258, 295, 309
Sample
2, 16–17, 19, 22, 34–36, 48–49, 51–52, 91, 97, 100, 103, 120, 192, 200, 212, 234, 269, 275, 278, 309–310, 329, 332, 334–335, 353–354, 11, 15–16, 22, 24, 34, 48, 51, 90, 137, 187, 189, 192, 195, 199, 232, 282, 334, 349, 352, 362, 364, 368
Sampling
20, 24, 97–99, 102–103, 120, 150, 212, 234, 304, 308, 334, 366–367
SAT Spanish Test
249
Scaffolding
275, 307, 348
Score
49, 212, 215, 217, 246, 304, 347, 357–358
Scripts
168, 302
Segment
159, 163, 159, 244, 293, 306
Segmental
190, 196, 293, 295, 298, 300
Semantics
161
Semantic
114, 148, 157, 159–162, 169–170, 175, 190, 193, 210, 377
Sensitivity
34, 40, 114, 125, 172, 183, 187, 195, 197, 231–232, 268–269, 273, 275, 283–284, 357, 376–377, 379
Sentence
44, 93, 159–161, 163, 166, 211, 243–245, 247, 250, 271, 275, 289, 100, 160–161, 163–164, 166–167, 212, 227, 298
Sequential
16, 20, 85, 94–97, 99–100, 102
see also
Concurrent
20, 48, 85, 94–97, 101, 103, 286
Sexuality
117
Shadowing
257–258
Silent
190, 195
Simulated Oral Proficiency Interview (S)OPI
96, 348
(S)OPI
38, 43, 47
Size
2, 14, 16–17, 98, 150, 163, 165, 169–170, 172, 175, 214–215, 234, 293, 303, 329, 356–360, 362, 364–365
Sociocultural
12, 20, 24, 33, 61, 63, 91, 114, 118, 128, 137, 139, 143, 148, 233, 267, 271, 275–277, 348, 351, 363, 374
Sociocultural Adaptation Scale (SCAS)
267, 271
Sociogram
345, 348, 352
Sociolinguistic
10, 87, 90, 138, 144, 217, 223, 233, 244, 267, 272, 303, 346, 360, 362, 364, 373
Sociological
138, 347, 351, 355, 359–360, 363, 365–367
Sociopragmatic
125, 144, 265–266, 273, 275–276, 281, 283–284
Sojourn
14, 16, 18, 20, 37, 43, 46, 60, 66, 68, 73, 76, 90, 96–97, 100–103, 110–111, 113–114, 118, 127, 130, 139–140, 145, 174, 215, 240–241, 254, 259, 269–273, 275–278, 280, 283–285, 299, 326, 334, 347, 350–352, 354, 356–361, 364, 375, 377–378, 380
Sonorants
291, 294
Space
37, 41, 73, 76, 99, 135, 138, 240, 253, 293–294, 296, 301, 304, 306–307, 310, 346
Speech
2–3, 5, 38, 65, 88, 90, 92–93, 110, 112, 137, 183–200, 211–212, 230, 253, 265, 268–271, 273, 275, 278–280, 285, 295, 298, 301–303, 306, 349, 364
Speech act
265, 269–270, 275, 280
Speech rate_(SR)
186–189, 193–195, 303, 306
SR
189
see also Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI)
38, 87, 96, 188, 295, 328, 348, 356–357
OPI
22, 38, 43, 47, 87–89, 242, 244, 246, 295, 302, 328, 330, 332, 334, 357, 364, 366
Simulated Oral Proficiency Interview (S)OPI
96, 348
(S)OPI
38, 43, 47
Speed
21, 44, 158–159, 161–163, 175, 186–189, 191–199, 212–213, 215, 221, 227, 230–231, 233, 253, 347
Spirantization
294, 298, 308
Stability
5, 273, 323
Stable
115, 320, 327, 329, 333, 359
see also
Dynamic
6, 21–23, 37, 115, 139–140, 143–145, 151, 168, 210, 215, 231–232, 259, 265, 269, 282–283, 285, 293, 307, 310, 320, 324, 329, 331–332, 336, 350, 363, 373–374, 376
Stance-taking
70
Standard deviation
159, 298
Starts
17, 59, 186, 191
Statistics
15, 33, 51, 60, 224, 298, 350–351, 364
State
9, 36, 59, 85, 88, 143, 145, 185, 209, 256, 292, 310, 323, 336, 368, 373
see also
Trait
115, 327, 333, 336
Status
66, 71, 99, 117, 269, 275, 277, 281, 283, 285, 331
Stay
10, 12–13, 15–16, 22, 44–45, 49, 92, 192–193, 224, 230, 232, 235, 242, 246, 252, 257–258, 270–271, 276, 281, 286, 297, 300, 323, 327, 348–350
Stimulus
136–137, 158–159, 168, 243, 250, 302
Stimuli
41, 129, 159–160, 163–165, 167–170, 172, 174
see also
Response
40–41, 91, 158–160, 162–164, 168–173, 199
Story
38, 47, 135–137, 139–140, 146–150, 298, 8, 33, 75, 78–79, 81, 89, 106, 122–123, 133, 135–140, 143, 146–148, 151, 155, 298, 376–377, 379
Strategies
11, 21, 46, 50, 94, 97, 111–112, 114–115, 117, 119, 128, 171–172, 174, 183–184, 197–199, 265, 271, 276, 281, 284, 329, 331, 333, 335–336, 354
Stress
14, 150, 281, 295, 298, 306, 308, 354, 368
Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)
268
Structured
38–39, 188, 216–217, 222–223, 267, 269–271, 278, 320, 322, 328, 354
Unstructured
39, 188, 328, 377
Study Abroad
1–2, 4–5, 7–13, 15, 18, 20, 22, 24–30, 33–82, 85–90, 92–100, 102–103, 109, 135–136, 151, 157, 161, 166, 170, 178, 183–184, 187, 193, 198, 202, 209, 214, 239, 241–243, 246, 249–253, 255–256, 265–266, 291–292, 319, 323–324, 328, 331, 334, 344–345, 355, 378
Study Abroad and Language Acquisition (SALA) Project
13, 15, 36, 47, 188, 214, 216, 218–220, 222–229, 299
Study Abroad Social Interaction Questionnaire (SASIQ)
12, 355, 378
SASIQ
355–357, 367
Style
3, 121, 125, 190, 196, 197, 199, 201, 265, 269, 273–274, 280, 298, 306, 349, 351–352Subject 33, 36–37, 45–46, 50, 128, 164, 215–220, 222–223, 225–229, 285, 297, 309
Subjunctive
119, 254
Subordination
15, 211, 214–215, 218, 247, 252–253
Suggestions
59, 74, 135, 157, 172, 174, 210, 258, 280, 311, 320, 329, 347, 367
Surveys
16, 34, 44–45, 100, 111, 127, 267, 271, 346, 365
Syllable
186, 188–189, 195
Syntax
15, 125, 171
Syntactic
15, 125, 163, 169–172, 174–175, 186, 190, 197, 199, 210–211, 213–215, 217–218, 221–223, 225–226, 230–232, 240, 246–247, 251–253
System
17, 190–192, 210, 215, 236, 239–242, 247–248, 253–256, 259, 281, 298–301, 306–307, 310, 321, 340
T
Tap
294
Target
1–3, 5, 12, 18–19, 22, 43, 63, 75, 99, 145, 159–160, 166–167, 169, 172, 174, 192, 199, 209, 212, 215, 230–231, 240–241, 244, 248–249, 251–254, 265, 280, 291–292, 295, 297–300, 302, 305, 308, 322–323, 326, 330, 332, 345, 374–375, 377–379
TBLT
184, 194
Technology
5, 9–10, 16–17, 19, 21, 157–158, 172, 198, 291, 373–374
Temporal
135, 168, 184, 186, 188–189, 192, 249–250, 273
Temporo-aspectual
240, 243, 250, 252
Tense
39, 89, 119, 125, 137, 166, 213, 221, 235, 240, 247, 253, 256
Tenseness
294, 305
Test
10, 16, 22, 34, 38, 42–44, 48, 51, 55–56, 90–91, 95–96, 103, 111, 116, 200, 241, 243–246, 249–251, 253, 255, 257–258, 268, 271–272, 282, 298–299, 331, 334–335, 349, 363–364, 366
see also
C-test
91, 244, 250
Discourse Completion Task (DCT)
93
Expanded Cultural Intelligence Scale (E-CQS)
322
OPI
22, 38, 43, 47, 87–89, 242, 244, 246, 295, 302, 328, 330, 332, 334, 357, 364, 366
Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI)
38, 87, 96, 188, 295, 328, 348, 356–357
Oxford Quick Placement Test
38
Positive and Negative Affectivity Schedule (PANAS)
332
SAT Spanish Test
249
Simulated Oral Proficiency Interview (S)OPI
96, 348
(S)OPI
38, 43, 47
Study Abroad Social Interaction Questionnaire (SASIQ)
12, 355, 378
Test de Français International (TFI)
90
X-lex
test
100
SASIQ
355–357, 367
Think-aloud
127
Threshold
88, 189, 297, 326, 328, 374
Tie
4, 17, 151, 346–347, 353, 358–361, 363–364, 370, 372, 381
Timescales.
336
Token
104, 212, 220, 293, 212, 244, 253, 271
Tool
23, 35, 41, 52, 60, 86, 111, 124, 148, 158, 248, 292, 320, 325, 335, 345–346, 349, 351, 363–364, 366, 377–378
Tracking
13, 21, 41, 157–158, 160, 164–168, 172–175, 230, 233, 244, 250, 254–255, 257, 299, 310, 345, 350, 368
Trait
115, 327, 333, 336
see also
State
9, 36, 59, 85, 88, 143, 145, 185, 209, 256, 292, 310, 323, 336, 368, 373
Transferability
24, 110, 122–123, 127, 130, 234, 282
Transformative
109–110, 123, 125–126, 291, 380
Translation
40–41, 58, 92, 133, 159, 161, 184, 279
Transnationalism
135, 143, 145–146
Trial
163, 172–173, 197, 366
Triangulation
23, 59, 61, 73, 101, 122, 174, 233, 286, 336, 366
Trust
122, 274
Turn-taking
70, 280
Twitter
346, 358
Typology
138, 239
U
UCINET
23, 346, 360, 366, 378
Unfilled
186, 191, 199
see also
Filled
186, 190–191, 195, 199
Unit
139, 188, 190, 211, 213, 222–223, 246–247, 22, 39, 190, 199, 213, 218, 222–223, 225, 227, 246–247, 293, 295, 298, 300, 305–306, 308–309
V
Validity
2, 11, 33–34, 38, 45, 50, 120, 122, 163–164, 272, 291, 301, 305, 308–309, 321, 323, 327, 336, 367, 374, 376
Variable
5–6, 10–12, 15–16, 19, 22, 34–35, 46, 49, 53, 60, 87, 89, 106, 114, 121, 164, 172, 194, 199, 209–210, 230–231, 266, 268–269, 271–272, 278, 282–283, 286, 293, 296–297, 299, 302, 304–305, 307, 319–320, 331, 335–336, 338, 356, 369, 373–374, 379
Variability
11–12, 14, 16, 39, 42, 46, 51, 118, 159, 162–163, 171–173, 183, 189, 195, 197–199, 229, 239, 247, 255, 268–269, 275, 283, 298, 302–303, 309, 319, 330, 345
Variant
248–249, 296, 301
Variation
2, 5, 20, 35, 60–61, 70, 90–91, 99, 109, 111–112, 114, 128, 138, 159, 186, 210, 212, 215, 221, 233, 248, 254, 258, 269, 274, 281–283, 285, 298, 300, 303, 305, 311, 345–346, 349, 363–364, 373, 378
Variationism
248
see also
Covariates
299, 301, 305, 307–309
Variety
51, 59, 86, 102, 174, 183, 187, 193, 195–196, 199, 210, 212, 214, 224, 252, 266, 296, 303, 326, 335, 355–356, 364, 366–367
Velarization
294
Verb
137, 160, 166–167, 213, 221, 225, 240, 247–248, 250–251
Verbal
11, 41, 166, 185, 190, 195, 213, 246, 272
Violation
159–160, 166–167, 169, 174
Voice
24, 42, 193, 304
Voiced
294, 296
Voiceless
294, 305–306
Voicing
294, 305
Vowel
190, 291, 293–294, 303, 305–306, 308
Vocalic
293–294, 301
W
Waveforms
169–170
Well-being
124
Whole people
20, 60
Willingness to communicate
197, 199, 224, 231, 325
Word
15, 40–41, 92, 120, 124, 127, 138, 160–161, 163–164, 167, 169–172, 176–177, 179, 193, 201, 212–213, 216, 221–223, 240, 243–244, 250, 253, 257, 263, 273, 298, 306, 313, 326, 352
Non-word
100, 159, 161, 165, 213
Multiword
323, 351
Writing
11, 15, 22, 39, 90, 100, 110, 118–122, 124–125, 127, 147, 209–213, 217–218, 220, 224–225, 227, 229–233, 243, 247, 254, 283, 322, 353
X
X-lex
test
100