Index
A
- acquisition of phonology
16, 17, 22, 28, 207
- Active Feature Specification12
- Arabic dialects
- Palestinian
102n, 126, 143, 153n
- Syrian
55n, 77, 126, 137, 201
- Arabic vernaculars
- eastern vs. western
5, 105
- Mesopotamian gilit
8, 10, 149
- sedentary vs. Bedouin
5, 6
- association line crossing
157–58
- autonomy of phonology
12, 14–15
; See also division of labor
- Autosegmental Phonology
17–18, 83
B
- back consonants
145, 147, 149, 150, 154
- non-emphatic
146, 147, 150, 156–57
C
- Cairene Arabic
- educated speakers
7, 38, 60, 139, 173
- semi-literate spoken
7, 10
- class nodes
18, 22, 28, 207
- closed syllable shortening
184–86, 201
- coalescence
66, 81, 162, 176
- coda extrametricality
184–85, 202
; See also Weight-by-Position
- coda formation
185, 186, 202
- computational analysis
27, 211
- consonant reflexes
6, 9–10
- consonant-vowel interactions
2, 20–21, 24, 160, 210
- constraints
- feature alignment
59, 82, 134–35
- feature co-occurrence
134–35
- markedness
27, 158, 159, 180
- coronal feature split
50, 75
- correlations
- constriction-vowel height24
- low vowels-pharyngeals
24, 142
- rounded vowels-emphatics137
D
- ḍād-ḍāʾ merger
10, 120–21, 131
- de-emphasis
- adjacency restriction
113, 134
- tautosyllabic triggers
105–6, 129
- degemination
70, 71, 193–94, 202–3
- derived environment blocking
185, 186–87, 206
- Derived Environment Effects186
- devoicingSee voicing assimilation
- diphthongs
- derived
174, 178, 185–86, 201–2
- underlying
169, 171, 183, 192, 200, 204
- word-final open syllables
177, 183, 197
- distinctive features
13–15
- division of labor
12, 207
E
- Element Theory
16n, 22, 25, 182
- Emergent Feature Theory (EFT)
16–17
- emphasis
- acoustic correlates
86, 92–94, 116–19
- emphasis spread
- blockers
118–19, 126, 131, 133
- constraint interactions
114, 134–35
- directional asymmetry
125–27, 135
- natural class of triggers
98, 109, 124
- two domains
112–13, 132–33, 136
- emphatic low vowel
96–97, 122–23
- emphatics
- constriction
85, 91, 109, 119
- coronal obstruents
88, 94–95, 120–21, 135
- primary articulation
91, 109
- secondary
88–89, 96, 122–23
- secondary articulation
85, 86, 109
- secondary conjunct
88, 122
- epenthesis in Baghdadi
- final clusters
68, 72, 144–45
- initial clusters
60, 61, 69
F
- Feature Economy
22, 25, 28, 210
- feature geometry models
2, 18, 26, 137, 207
- feature merger
52, 76, 162, 210
- features
- as autosegments
17–18, 114, 134
- as cognitive categories17
- contrastive
15, 210
; See also distinctive features
- phonetic interpretation
15–16
- redundant
25, 116, 155, 199
- feature sharing
1, 72, 83
- foreign phonemes
10–11, 75n
- free ride algorithm
171, 174, 193
- full specification
15, 116
G
- geminate glides
171, 184, 193, 203
- geminate inalterability
184, 202
- geminate integrity
70, 71, 133
- generative phonology
13, 14, 207
- glides
- paradigm convergence
174n, 176, 196
- syllabic position
155, 181, 199
- glottal stop
- epenthetic
33, 49, 60, 74
I
- inconsistency-of-analysis problem3
- innate feature theory
16, 17
L
- labialization in Baghdadi
- complementary distribution
144, 149, 160
- cross-category effects
156–57, 159, 160
- /i/-contexts
147–48, 150–51
- prefix vowels
151–53, 157–58
- strict locality
157–59, 160
- labialization in Cairene
- /a/-contexts
139–40, 142–43
- complementary distribution
139–40
- laryngeal features
25, 116
; See also voice feature
- local consonant assimilation
- autosegmental strategies83
- constraint interactions
59, 82–83
- long mid vowels
- synchronic-contrast approach204
- low vowel split
11, 96, 135
; See also emphatic low vowel
M
- Major Class Features
18, 25, 210
- mannerless segments
74–75, 130–31
- minimization of articulatory effort30
- Modern Standard ArabicSee Standard Arabic
- Modified Contrastive Specification
12, 14
- monophthongization
- complementary distribution
179, 204
- constraint interactions180
- exceptional patterns
178–79, 198
- historical
162, 163, 166, 174
- moraic theory179
- glide-high-vowel sequences180
N
- nasal place underspecification51n
- natural classes
1, 19, 20–21
- neutralizations
15, 138, 165
- No Crossing Condition (NCC)21
O
- Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP)31
- Optimality Theory (OT)
26–28
- Evaluator function (Eval)
27–28, 114
- Generator function (Gen)27
P
- Parallel Structures Model (PSM)
- pharyngealization
19–20, 85, 109
- Phonetically-Driven Phonology14
- phonetic content
13, 14, 21
- phonetic representations13
- positional faithfulness183
- PSM diagrams
- surface consonants
48, 73–74
Q
- quantity-sensitive stress
179, 202
R
- Radical Substance-Free Phonology
14–15
- reduplication
97–98, 123–24, 172
- representational complexity
26, 28
- Representational Economy
15, 25, 26
- resyllabification
69, 175, 202
; See also coda formation
- Revised Articulator Theory26
- root-and-pattern morphology5n
- root co-occurrence restrictions
38, 40, 47
S
- secondary articulation
19–20, 23
- short mid vowels
- absence of
11, 166, 199, 206
- Sibawayh
30, 51n, 86, 105
- sociolinguistic factors
5, 7, 32, 90
- Sound Pattern of English (SPE)
13, 16–17
- Standard Arabic
3, 6n, 9, 60, 90, 173
- Structural Economy
22, 25, 28, 182, 210
- structure preservation144
- surface representation (SR)
12–13
- syllabification
41, 179, 195, 202
- syllable weight
162, 179, 185, 202
- synchronic microvariation
7, 84
T
- templatic patterns
5n, 102
- tongue root retraction
85, 115, 119
- Toronto School of Contrast
14, 15
- trigger place asymmetry31
U
- underlying representation (UR)
12–13
- Underspecification Theory14
- Unified Features Theory (UFT)
18–21
- universal phonetic properties
83, 210
- uvular backing
92, 118, 123
V
- variation
- free
3, 72, 144, 150, 178
- inter-speaker
32, 93, 107
- velar-uvular distinction
50, 75
- vocalic labializationSee vowel rounding
- voiceless-voiced-emphatic triangles
130–31
- Voice Onset Time (VOT)116
- voicing assimilation
- Cairene
37, 40, 41, 46, 47
- vowel harmony
21, 152–53, 157–58
- vowel length
165, 166, 180
- vowel shortening
164–65, 174–75, 176
; See also closed syllable shortening