Part of
Corpus DialectologyEdited by Elissa Pustka, Carmen Quijada Van den Berghe and Verena Weiland
[Studies in Corpus Linguistics 110] 2023
► pp. 106–132
Edited by Elissa Pustka, Carmen Quijada Van den Berghe and Verena Weiland
[Studies in Corpus Linguistics 110] 2023
► pp. 106–132
Sociogeographical differences in the pronunciation of Anglicisms in Spanish
Acoustic vowel analysis using multilevel regression models
In this paper we propose a possible statistical analysis of sociogeographical differences in two Spanish varieties in the context of loanword phonology. For this purpose, we extracted formant frequencies of Anglicisms from corpus data from Mexico and Spain, with a particular focus on the realisation of the English vowel /ʌ/ (e.g., [bɾʌnt͡ʃ]). We used a Multilevel Bayesian regression model to infer various fixed effects on the phonic realisation. The analysis shows that geographical proximity to the U.S. does not impact the realisation in our data. Speakers’ exposure and affinity towards the English language, on the other hand, favour imitation of the English vowel. This seems to be especially relevant in our globalised world, where English media are ubiquitously available.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Methodology
- 2.1Choice of the phoneme /ʌ/
- 2.2Corpus
- 2.2.1Participants
- 2.2.2Tasks
- 2.2.3Internal variables
- 2.2.4External variables
- 2.3Acoustic analysis
- 2.4Statistical analysis
- 3.Results
- 3.1Distribution of the frequency values in the vowel space
- 3.2Analysis of predictors
- 3.3Posterior varying effects
- 3.4Analysis of the latent variable
- 4.Discussion
- 4.1Adaptation of the phoneme
- 4.1.1Realisation of grapheme-phoneme correspondences vs. imitation of the English vowel
- 4.1.2Differences in pronunciation between words
- 4.2Factors influencing the realisation of the phoneme
- 4.2.1Language exposure and affinity
- 4.2.2Speakers’ provenance
- 4.2.3Internal variables
- 4.1Adaptation of the phoneme
- 5.Conclusion
-
Acknowledgements -
Notes -
References
References
Adank, Patti, Smits, Roel & van Hout, Roeland
2004 A
comparison of vowel normalization procedures for language
variation research. The
Journal of the Acoustical Society of
America 116(5): 3099–3107. 
Author. In
preparation Diffusion of
Anglicisms in times of globalization. Use and perception in
Mexico and Spain.
Boersma, Paul & Weenink, David
Briz, Antonio
& Grupo
Val.Es.Co 1995 La
conversación coloquial. Materiales para su
estudio. Valencia: Universidad de Valencia.
Bürkner, Paul-Christian
2017 brms:
An R package for Bayesian multilevel models using
Stan. Journal of Statistical
Software 80(1): 1–28.
Cabanillas, Isabel De La Cruz & Tejedor Martinez, Cristina
2012 Email
or correo electrónico? Anglicisms in
Spanish. Revista Española de
Lingüística
Aplicada 25(1): 95–118.
Calabrese, Andrea & Wetzels, Leo
2009 Loan
phonology. Issues and
controversies. In Loan
Phonology [Current Issues in
Linguistic Theory, 307], Andrea Calabrese & Leo Wetzels (eds), 1–10. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Chambers, Jack & Trudgill, Peter
1998 Dialectology. Cambridge: CUP.
Fabricius, Anne
2007 Variation
and change in the TRAP and STRUT vowels of RP: A real time
comparison of five acoustic data
sets. Journal of the
International Phonetic
Association 37(3): 293–320.
Flege, James & Wayland, Ratree
2019 The
role of input in native Spanish Late learners’ production
and perception of English phonetic
segments. Journal of Second
Language
Studies 2(1): 1–44.
Flynn, Nicholas
2011 Comparing
vowel formant normalization
procedures. York Papers in
Linguistics
Series 2(11): 1–28.
Gómez Capuz, Juan
2001 Estrategias
de integración fónica de los Anglicismos en un corpus de
español hablado: Asimilación, compromiso y efectos
estructurales. ELUA 15: 5–86.
Gómez González, María de los Àngeles & Sánchez Roura, Teresa
2016 English
Pronunciation for Speakers of Spanish: From Theory to
Practice. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Haugen, Einar
1950 The
analysis of linguistic
borrowing. Language 26(2): 210–231.
Hillenbrand, James, Getty, Laura, Clark, Michael & Wheeler, Kimberlee
1995 Acoustic
characteristics of American English
vowels. Journal of the
Acoustical Society of
America 97(5): 3099–3111.
Instituto Nacional de
Estadística
(INE)
2019 Cifras
oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón
municipal a 1 de enero. ❬[URL]❭ (17
November 2021).
Instituto Nacional de
Estadística, Geografía e
Informática
2009 Prontuario
de información geográfica municipal de los Estados Unidos
Mexicanos. ❬[URL]❭ (17
November 2021).
Kang, Yoonjung
2011 Loanword
phonology. In The
Blackwell Companion to
Phonology, Vol. 4, Marc van Oostendorp, Colin Ewen, Elizabeth Hume & Keren Rice (eds), 2258–2281. Malden MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Kilgarriff, Adam
et al. 2014 The
sketch engine: Ten years
on. Lexicography 1: 7–36.
Labov, William
1972 Sociolinguistic
Patterns. Oxford: Blackwell.
Labov, William, Ash, Sharon & Boberg, Charles
2006 The
Atlas of North American English. Phonetics, Phonology and
Sound
Change. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
LaCharité, Darlene & Paradis, Carole
2005 Category
preservation and proximity versus phonetic approximation in
loanword
adaptation. Linguistic
Inquiry 36(2): 223–258.
Lobanov, Boris
1971 Classification
of Russian vowels spoken by different
speakers. The Journal of the
Acoustical Society of
America 49(2): 606–608.
Lorenzo, Emilio
1997 Tratamiento
del vocalismo inglés en
español. Estudios ingleses de
la Universidad
Complutense 5: 81–90.
McCloy, Daniel
2016 phonR:
Tools for phoneticians and
phonologists. R package version
1.0–7.
McElreath, R.
2020 Statistical
Rethinking: A Bayesian Course with Examples in R and
Stan. Boca Raton FL: Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Meisenburg, Trudel
1992 Graphische
und phonische Integration von Fremdwörtern am Beispiel des
Spanischen. Zeitschrift für
Sprachwissenschaft 11(1): 47–67.
Milroy, Lesley & Gordon, Matthew
2003 Sociolinguistics.
Mehod and
Interpretation. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Nuevo Tesoro
Lexicográfico
(NTLLE)
2019 ❬[URL]❭ (17
November 2021).
Oncins Martínez, José.
2009 Towards
a corpus-based analysis of anglicisms in Spanish: A case
study. International Journal
of English
Studies 9(3): 115–32.
Peperkamp, Sharon & Dupoux, Emmanuel
2003 Reinterpreting
loanword adaptations: The role of
perception. In Proceedings
of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences,
Barcelona, 3–9
August, 367–370. IPA.
Peperkamp, Sharon, Vendelin, Inga & Nakamura, Kimihiro
2008 On
the perceptual origin of loanword adaptations: Experimental
evidence from
Japanese. Phonology 25: 129–164.
Pratt, Chris
1980 El
Anglicismo en el español peninsular
contemporáneo. Madrid: Gredos.
Pustka, Elissa
2021 Romance
loanword
phonology. In Manual
of Romance Phonetics and
Phonology, Christoph Gabriel, Randall Gess & Trudel Meisenburg (eds), 503–527. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Pustka, Elissa, Gabriel, Christoph, Meisenburg, Trudel, Burkard, Monja & Dziallas, Kristina
2018 (Inter-)Fonología
del Español Contemporáneo (I)FEC. Metodología de un programa
de investigación para la fonología de
corpus. Loquens 5: 1–16.
Quilis, Antonio & Esgueva, Manuel
1983 Realización
de los fonemas vocálicos españoles en posición fonética
normal. In Estudios
de
fonética, Vol. 1, Manuel Esgueva & Margarita Cantarero (eds), 159–252. Madrid: Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.
Rodríguez González, Félix
2017 Variaciones
fonológicas en el uso del Anglicismo: Panorama y revisión
crítica. Revista Española de
Lingüística 47: 99–134.
2018 Aspectos
ortográficos del
Anglicismo. Lebende
Sprachen 63(2): 350–373.
Schneider, Edgar, Burridge, Kate, Kortmann, Bernd, Mesthrie, Rajend & Upton, Clive
(eds) 2004 A
Handbook of Varieties of
English. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Schweickard, Wolfgang
1991 Anglizismen
im Spanischen. Terminologie
et
Traduction 1991: 75–86.
Thomas, Eric & Kendall, Tyler
Vendelin, Inga & Peperkamp, Sharon
2006 The
influence of orthography on loanword
adaptations. Lingua 116: 996–1007.
Wells, John
1982 Accents
of English: An
Introduction. Cambridge: CUP.