Index

• Acadia,61–62, 64–66, 72, 75, 79, 83

• accents, regional,63, 83

• acceptability,144, 155–57, 160, 168

• accusative-dative syncretism,19, 21–22, 31

• acoustic analysis,4, 15, 38, 48, 73, 106–31

• adjective,110, 142, 199

• adolescent language,183

• Advancing the European Multilingual Experience (AThEME),3, 10–15, 17–21, 23–28, 30, 32

• adverbials,164

• adverbs,95, 140, 191

• affinity score,113, 127, 129

• affricate,67, 80, 145, 147, 149

• age,12–13, 37–39, 42, 46, 49, 52, 111–12, 121, 127–29, 163, 165, 181, 184

• alignment, forced,68, 71, 80

• Alpine region,3, 11–12, 22, 32, 103, 215

• America,2, 5, 7, 81–83, 111, 113, 127, 129–31, 136–37, 176–77, 179, 181, 184, 194, 196

• American Spanish Web 2011 (esamTenTen),111, 129

• analysis
  • qualitative,178
  • quantitative,71, 181

• Anglicism,4, 106–8, 110–12, 120, 126, 128–31

• annotation,38–39, 53, 56, 89, 97

• Aosta Valley,84–85, 87–88, 92, 94, 99–103

• area
  • rural,109, 112
  • urban,44, 62–63, 66, 79, 201

• Argentina,2, 7, 156, 174, 180, 182–84, 186–87, 192

• asturian,151

• Atlante italo-svizzero (AIS),6, 82, 201–4, 211–12, 215

• Atlante sintattico della Calabria (AsiCa),2, 7, 201–3, 211, 213

• Atlant linguistich dl ladin dolomitich y di dialec vejins (ALD),201, 203, 212

• Atlas Lingüístico de Castilla y León (ALCyL),158, 172

• Atlas Lingüístico de la Península Ibéria (ALPI),2, 7, 11, 158, 172, 203, 213

• Atlas Lingüístico de la Península Ibérica (ALPI),7, 152, 172

• Atlas lingüístico Diatópico y Diastrático del Uruguay (ADDU),7, 199, 212

• Atlas linguistico-etnografico de Colombia (ALEC),2, 7, 61–63, 79–80

• Atlas lingüístico y etnográfico de Castilla-La Mancha (ALECMan),158, 172

• Atlas linguistique de la France (ALF),6–7, 41, 54, 61–62, 71, 81–83, 201–3, 213, 215

• Atlas zur deutschen Alltagssprache (AdA),10, 32

• audio data,11–12, 15–18, 20, 26, 67–68, 70–71, 126, 201–2, 204, 210–12

• Austria,17–18

• Balearic Islands,176

• Basque Country,136, 141, 145

• Bayesian modeling,108, 115, 130–31

• Belgium,56

• bilingualism,41, 65

• boundaries, linguistic,74, 85, 156, 174, 202, 211

• Brasil,200, 213

• Calabria,2, 7, 199, 213

• Canada,60–62, 64–65, 72, 81–83

• Canary Islands,6, 175–76, 179–81, 195

• Castile and Leon,5, 134–54, 172, 179, 181

• Castilian,134, 136–37, 139–40, 143, 145, 149–51, 155.; See also Spanish

• Catalan,2, 7, 101, 143, 145, 159, 179, 183, 195

• Chile,173, 180, 182–84, 186, 194

• Cisalpine varieties,85–87, 91–92, 97–98

• citizen science,2–3, 210

• clitics,11, 16, 23, 27–29, 69

• Colombia,7, 179–82, 196

• colonisation,61, 179, 198

• complements, postverbal,161, 166–67

• continuum,87–88, 90, 102, 114, 117, 137, 196, 198, 203

• C-ORAL,183

• corpus
  • audible,5, 154–55, 163
  • historical,4, 134–35, 137, 149, 151–52, 173
  • oral,2, 4–5, 7, 34–35, 53–56, 61, 63, 67, 82, 84–85, 106–9, 154–56, 163
  • written,5, 84–85, 97, 110–11, 185

• corpus compilation,3–4, 36

• Corpus d’Aix en Provence (CorpAix),35, 56

• Corpus de Documentación Medieval del Sur de Ávila (CODOMSA),151

• Corpus de documentación medieval de Miranda de Ebro (CODOMME),134–36, 138–39, 141, 144–50

• Corpus de Documentos Medievales de San Andrés de Espinareda (CODOMSAE),135, 137, 139–40, 143, 145–46, 148–50

• Corpus de Français Parlé Parisien des années 2000 (CFPP2000),2, 7, 56

• Corpus de la LAngue Parlée en Interaction (CLAPI),35, 56

• Corpus del Español Mexicano Contemporáneo (CEMC),2, 7

• Corpus de los Atlas Lingüísticos (CORPAT),3, 7, 201, 214

• Corpus Diacrónico del Español (CORDE),137, 151

• Corpus KIParla,2

• corpus linguistics,3, 5–6, 39, 84–85, 88, 104, 154, 170, 194, 200

• Corpus Linguistics Meets Alpine Cultural Heritage (CLiMAlp),85, 87–90, 95, 103

• Corpus of Documents from the Royal Chancellery (CODCAR),135

• Corpus of Documents of Ávila (CODAHSA-S),136

• Corpus of Medieval Documents (CODOMSAE-NW),137

• Corpus of Spanish Documents prior to 1800 (CODEA),135, 137, 144, 147–48, 151

• Corpus oral de français de Suisse romande (OFROM),2, 7, 35, 56

• Corpus Oral y Sonoro del Español Rural (COSER),2, 5, 7, 154–75

• corpus phonology,2

• Costa Rica,182

• creole,199, 201

• data
  • chronological,136
  • comparable,44, 177, 181, 187
  • crowdsourced,3, 5–6, 10–27, 29–31, 33, 63
  • elicited,2, 12, 110
  • gradient,175
  • lexical,10
  • morphosyntactic,16, 30
  • non-standard,10, 84
  • oral,26, 193, 195
  • sociolinguistic,13, 163
  • syntactic,202

• data collection,2–5, 9–14, 16, 18–19, 23–28, 30, 35–42, 52, 76–78, 98–100, 108–10, 176–77, 179–81, 183–84, 187, 190, 193, 199–205, 207, 209–11

• data management,2, 33, 40–41, 46

• determiners,48, 95–96

• dialect areas,17, 19, 21–24, 27, 62, 71–72, 77, 211

• dialectology, perceptual,63, 211, 215.; See also perception

• dialectometry,2–6, 40–41, 60–61, 71–73, 80, 82–83, 154–55, 175, 199–200, 202–3, 211

• dictionary,3, 5, 89–91, 93–94, 96, 101, 108, 111–12, 118–19, 198, 200–208

• digitization,3, 12, 35, 38, 40, 198, 202–5, 215

• diglossia,87

• dissemination,36, 38, 40, 163

• distance, temporal,178, 190–91

• distance matrix, linguistic,73, 77, 101

• education,49, 107, 109, 112–13, 119–21, 127, 129, 181, 184, 187

• effects
  • priming,166
  • random,112

• Engadinese,129, 199

• English,4, 11, 13, 62, 64–65, 106–8, 110, 112–15, 118–19, 121, 126–32, 174, 179

• English Influence on Spanish Corpus (EIS),109

• Enquêtes SocioLinguistiques à Orléans (ESLO),4, 34–40, 42–56

• European Spanish Web 2011 (eseuTenTen11),111, 129

• FAIR criteria,204, 212

• fieldwork,2, 11–12, 21, 30, 66, 68

• formant,106, 113–15, 117–19, 121–23, 126–28

• Français d'Amérique du Nord Corpus (FRAN),63

• Français de nos régions (FDNR),7, 63, 75

• France,2, 6–7, 40–43, 49, 51–52, 54, 56–57, 60, 82–83, 98, 104–5, 213, 215

• Francoprovençal,4, 84–97, 99–105

• French,34, 36, 40–41, 49–50, 52, 57, 60–65, 67–68, 70, 82–83, 87, 89, 92–93, 98, 156

• frequency,107, 111, 117–20, 125–26, 128–29, 157–58, 163, 165–66, 171, 178, 186, 188, 190–92

• fricative,145

• future, periphrastic,5, 39, 176–77, 179

• Gabmap,73–74, 77–78, 83

• Galician,137, 143, 145, 159

• gender,12–13, 36, 46, 52, 69, 112, 120, 181, 210

• geographic information system (GIS),167, 174

• geolinguistics,3, 5, 61–62, 64, 77, 79, 87, 90, 99–100, 102, 174–75, 198, 200, 202, 210–13

• German,11–12, 85, 87, 156, 174, 205, 209, 215

• Germanic,11, 84, 87

• gradience, linguistic,5, 154–57, 160, 163, 168, 171, 173, 175

• grammaticalization,138, 149, 154, 156–59, 161, 170–71, 174–75

• granularity,89, 206–7

• grapheme-phoneme correspondences,108–9, 112, 117, 126–28

• heatmap,121–22

• Hispanoamerica,2, 5, 107, 109, 112

• interoperability,38, 40, 46, 89

• interrogative,15, 23–26, 31, 39, 53, 108

• interviews,2, 4, 32, 34–37, 41–46, 49–53, 67–68, 70–71, 110, 112, 163, 176–77, 179–81, 184

• intonation,26

• isogloss,17, 71, 134

• Italian,2, 7, 11–12, 23, 25, 27, 31–32, 85, 87, 89, 93–95, 104–5, 199, 201–2, 205

• Italy,3–4, 10–11, 13, 17, 22–23, 25–27, 29–32, 84–88, 93, 95, 98, 102, 105, 213–14

• koineization,87–88

• Ladin,205, 214–15

• language change,11, 91, 156–57, 170–71, 174, 190, 195, 202, 209

• language contact,3, 27, 125, 174, 179, 195

• Language Exposure and Affinity Score (LEAS),113–15, 119–22, 124–25, 127–29

• language processing, automatic,41

• Latin,87, 134–35, 138, 140–41, 143, 146, 149–50, 178, 198

• Latin America,176, 179, 181–84, 193.; See also Hispanoamerica

• Laurentian variety,60–62, 64–72, 76, 79–80, 82

• lemma,91, 94–96, 99, 208

• lemmatisation,39, 89–90

• lexis,60, 67–69, 79–80, 89, 91, 93–96, 98–99, 189, 201, 204, 208, 210

• liaison,39, 54, 70–71, 82

• linguistic atlas,2–3, 5, 198, 200–205, 207, 210–11

• loanword,4, 94–96, 106–8, 110–13, 119, 121, 126, 128–29, 131–32

• machine learning,91, 97, 99, 104, 204, 206

• mapping, linguistic,2–3, 5, 16–17, 19–21, 65, 72, 79, 167, 182, 184, 204

• metadata,38, 40, 42, 52, 68, 89, 103, 185, 204, 211

• methods, comparative,135, 199

• Mexico,2, 4, 106, 109, 111–12, 128–30, 180–84, 186, 189, 191, 193, 195–96

• microvariation,11, 19, 30

• minority languages,4, 15–16, 23, 64–65, 85–88, 90, 101–2, 104, 147, 150

• mobility,3, 6

• Montreal,62–63, 65–66, 72–76, 79–80, 83

• morphology,10–12, 69, 92, 199

• morphosyntax,2–3, 5, 10–11, 16, 20, 31–32, 39, 135, 138, 154, 158, 160, 176–95

• multilevel regression models,4, 106–31

• multilingualism,11, 16, 201

• norm,38, 48–50, 84–85, 91–93, 97–98, 101, 132, 158, 163

• norma culta,177, 181–84, 196

• normalisation,91, 93–96, 101, 103, 114, 117–18, 131

• Occitan,4, 84–105

• occurrences,19, 28–29, 73, 75, 107, 110, 129, 161, 163–64, 170–71

• orthography see also spelling,15, 51, 57, 88, 91, 94–95, 101, 105, 110, 112, 126, 132

• participants,12–15, 18–19, 27, 30, 36–38, 41, 61, 63, 66–68, 70–71, 75, 80, 109–10

• part of speech,94, 209

• past forms,23, 154–55, 157, 159, 161–62, 173, 175

• perception,10, 48, 53, 63, 107, 110, 130–31, 211

• phonetics,41, 53, 61, 68–71, 81, 90, 93–96, 112, 116, 130–31, 150

• Phonologie du Français Contemporain (PFC),2, 4, 6–7, 35, 56, 60–83

• phonology,2–3, 10–12, 60–61, 69, 80, 92–93, 95, 106, 111, 129, 131–32

• phonR,114, 131

• Piedmont,85, 87–88, 92, 94, 99, 101, 103, 105

• place names,142–44, 163

• plot,113, 117, 119, 121–22, 124, 132

• population,65, 77, 93, 99, 101, 122, 186–87, 201

• Praat,68, 70–71, 80–81, 113, 130

• pragmatics,53, 97, 174, 195

• predicate,156, 160–62, 165, 168, 170

• predictors,115, 118–20, 125, 189

• proclitics,27–28

• pronunciation,4, 60, 62–63, 73, 80, 106–10, 113, 116–17, 121, 123, 125–29

• Proyecto para el Estudio Sociolingüístico del Español de España y de América (PRESEEA),2, 7, 177, 183–84, 196

• Puerto Rico,182

• Quebec,4, 56, 60–83

• Quechua,173–74

• questionnaire,13–15, 23, 32, 36, 63, 67, 210

• recordings,2, 4, 36–38, 40, 42–45, 47–48, 52, 60, 67–68, 107, 110

• recruitment,37, 67, 109

• reliability, empirical,98, 207, 209

• salience,20, 67, 72, 211

• SAMPA,71

• scaling, multidimensional,73–74

• semantics,3, 40, 97, 110–11, 155, 170

• sibilants,15, 134–35, 145–50

• Sketch Engine,111

• sociodemographic factors,39, 112

• sociolinguistics,4, 6, 34–36, 38, 42, 46, 48, 55, 60, 63, 108, 131, 195–96

• sound,36, 38, 40–41, 43–44, 46–47, 52, 61, 106–9, 116, 118, 147–50, 204–5

• Spain,2, 5, 106–7, 109, 111–12, 128–30, 134–37, 139–41, 146, 149–55, 159–60, 162–63, 169–70, 172–74, 176–77, 179–83, 193–94, 196

• Spanish see also Castilian,2, 4–7, 106–9, 111–12, 114, 126–30, 135–37, 139–40, 149–50, 152–55, 157–71, 173–79, 181, 184, 193–96

• SPARQL Query Language,40

• speaker,21, 23–30, 36–38, 41–44, 46–49, 52, 60–61, 63, 65–73, 87–88, 92, 106–18, 121, 126–29, 131, 159–62, 178–79, 190–91, 200, 210–11

• spectrogram,113–14

• speech, spontaneous,5, 30, 107, 110, 126, 156, 183

• speech data, oral,2, 12, 41, 110

• speech processing, automated,82, 89, 91, 102

• spelling see also orthography,38, 41, 46–51, 57, 93, 141–43, 146–49, 185, 187

• SPPAS software,71, 81

• standardisation,4, 12, 16, 52, 84, 88, 101–2, 105

• statistics,4, 28, 30, 106, 108, 110, 115, 118, 130–31, 166, 171

• status,23, 35–36, 38, 42, 46, 60, 64–65, 67, 90, 208

• stimuli,12, 15–17, 28, 30

• sub-corpus,38–39, 48

• subjunctive,31, 139–40, 146

• survey,12–13, 19, 30, 34, 37, 43, 45–46, 53, 55, 64–66, 72–74, 77, 177

• Switzerland,2, 60, 72, 85, 99, 201, 209, 212, 215

• syllable,62–63, 73, 112, 118–19

• syntax,10–12, 32, 174, 199, 201, 211

• tasks,12, 14–16, 45–47, 61, 67–68, 72–73, 110, 115–16, 123, 126, 156, 171, 177

• tools,3, 11–13, 36, 38–39, 48, 130–31, 202, 208, 210

• transcribers,4, 34–35, 37, 43, 46–53, 57

• transcription,4–5, 18, 34–35, 37–38, 40, 46–53, 55, 57, 62–63, 68–70, 80–81

• translation,15, 27, 40, 50, 95–96, 98

• translation tasks,12, 15, 23, 30

• TreeTagger,209

• Twitter,5, 176–95

• TXM,39, 55

• Tyrol,3, 10–12, 15, 17–19, 21, 30

• Tyrolean Linguistic Atlas (TSA),19–20

• Tyrolean varieties,11, 13, 15, 17–22, 30

• Uruguay,7, 173, 199, 212

• Valencia, Español Coloquial (Val.Es.Co),107

• validity,10–11, 19–20, 78–79

• variable
  • continuous,115
  • extralinguistic,178
  • independent,91
  • intermediate,121
  • language-internal,112
  • latent,115–16, 121–24, 127, 130
  • socio-demographic,3, 129

• variation
  • diaphasic,36–37, 43, 55, 95, 200
  • diastratic,36, 46, 50, 53, 200
  • diatopic,35, 88, 90, 95–96, 98–99, 102

• varieties
  • non-standardised,85, 199
  • spoken,91, 93
  • standard,62, 69–70, 199

• Varieties in Contact (VinKo),3, 10–21, 23–30, 32

• Venetian,3, 10–11, 14–15, 22–23, 27, 30, 33

• Venezuela,180–82, 184, 186, 189, 191, 193, 195

• VerbaAlpina,3, 5, 7, 10, 32, 172, 174, 196, 202–4, 206–11, 214–15

• verb forms,23, 25, 69, 138, 140, 142, 161, 173, 175, 177, 185, 187, 189–90, 192–94, 196

• visualisation,3, 45, 73, 121, 204

• Vivaio acustico delle lingue e dialetti d’Italia (VIVALDI),201, 215

• vowel,62–63, 67, 69–70, 73, 75–76, 108, 113–14, 117–18, 121, 123, 126–30, 132, 199

• Walser,4, 84–103, 105

• Wenker questionnaire,19–20

• word list,2, 67, 72–73, 79–80, 110, 114, 116, 123, 126