Mobile Menu
New
Books
Forthcoming titles
New in paperback
New titles by subject
August 2024
July 2024
June 2024
May 2024
Book Series
Journals & Yearbooks
New serials
Latest issues
Currently in production
Catalog
Books
Active series
Other series
Collections
Open-access books
Text books & Course books
Dictionaries & Reference
By JB editor
Journals & Yearbooks
Active serials
Other
By JB editor
Software
Browse by person
Browse by subject
Advanced Search
Downloadable lists
Printed catalogs
E-book collections
Online Resources
Customer Services
Contact
Amsterdam (Main office)
Philadelphia (North American office)
Directions
Book Orders
General
US, Canada & Mexico
E-books
Examination & Desk Copies
Journal Subscriptions
General information
Access to the electronic edition
Terms of Use
Journal collections
Journal mutations
Rights & Permissions
Mailing List
E-newsletter
Book Gazette
For Authors
Proposals for Books
Proposals for Book Series
Proposals for Journals
Submissions to Journals
Editorial Manager
Ethics Statement
Kudos
Open Access Policy
Rights Policy
For Librarians
Evidence-Based Acquisition
E-book Collections
Journal Collections
Open Access information
Journal mutations
Part of
Exploring Language and Society with Big Data: Parliamentary discourse across time and space
Edited by Minna Korhonen, Haidee Kotze and Jukka Tyrkkö
[
Studies in Corpus Linguistics
111] 2023
► pp.
373
–
379
◄
previous
Index
A
accessibility
of data,
1–2
of large datasets,
8
of parliamentary discourse,
338
of the Hansard Corpus,
24
accuracy of speeches in British Hansard,
33
adjectival modification patterns,
167–168
adjective-noun pairs, study of,
124–126
adjectives
as important modifiers,
182
as indicators of sentiment,
125–126, 128–130, 140
analysis of Australian Hansard data,
57
analysis of data,
264–265
analysis, multidimensional,
63
analysis, statistical
of British Hansard,
97
of transcripts vs. Australian Hansard,
64
analytical techniques,
18
apodosis and
entonces
or
pues
,
325–326
apodosis and
then
,
315, 325–326
assembly, lawful vs. unlawful,
102–103
attitude shift, indicators of,
62
audibility, effect on accuracy of Hansard,
33
Australian English, linguistic evolution of,
255–256, 273
Australian Hansard
analysis of data from,
57
comparison with transcripts,
60
decontextualisation in,
58
reduction of interpersonal elements,
58
verbatim policy,
258
Australian parliament,
8
Australian parliamentary discourse, orthographic transcription of,
60
See
British Hansard 1889–1908
automated data classification: pros and cons,
74, 78–79
B
background variables,
5
Barrow vs. Hansard rivalry,
35–36
big data
perspective,
12
pros and cons,
167–168
techniques,
302–303
Brexit,
6, 9, 143–163
Britain vs. Europe,
138
British Empire,
9, 122–123
British English,
10
British Hansard
accuracy of,
26, 33, 200
as a complete dataset,
199–200
as a verbatim transcript,
25–26
considerations pre- and post-1909,
200
contributors to,
50
correction of,
33
detail of vs. newspapers,
38
digitisation of,
22, 90
employment relationship in,
175–189
fidelity of,
27, 91
incompleteness of,
34, 46
linguistic outline 1803–present,
49
production of,
259
reported speech in the early,
31
size of by year and series,
22
sources of,
36–37
the series of,
23
two major phases of,
22
British Hansard 1803–1888
linguistic characteristics,
38–39
overview,
29–40
British Hansard 1889–1908
funding challenges,
40
linguistic characteristics,
42
overview,
40–43
British Hansard 1909–present
full-length verbatim reporting,
43
in-house reporting,
43
overview,
43–48
British Hansard Corpus, history and language,
7
British Hansard in the 1800s,
21
British Hansard publishers,
23–24, 42
British Hansard's volumes, structure of,
21
British parliament,
11
British parliament as a debate parliament,
309
British vs. Australian Hansard: restrictive relative clause markers,
265–268, 271
C
close reading,
59, 61–62, 64–72, 120–121, 188
close reading vs. distant reading,
8, 56–57, 85–86, 120–121
Cobbett's Parliamentary Debates
,
20, 23
codeswitching in parliaments,
7
collocation of
lexical verbs,
158, 161
lunatic
,
218–221
collocation, computational,
98
colloquialisation
and democratisation,
336–337, 366
contractions in,
351–353
effect on relativiser choice,
270
in Australian Hansard,
65
in parliamentary discourse,
310
of English,
11
of parliamentary language,
6
shorter sentences as indicators of,
351
colonial language, parliamentary discourse as a barometer of,
6, 127, 134–135
colonial policy: effect on language,
283–284
colonies, language of,
11
communication within parliament,
4, 262
compression of English,
11
concordance
corpora,
156
research,
98, 101, 108
searches,
287
concordance statistic (
C
-index),
269
conditional construction, position of
if
/
si
,
326–328
conditionals
analysis of,
315
degree of likelihood of,
323–325
discourse-pragmatic functions,
311–312
frequency in parliamentary discourse,
316–318
metafunctions of,
318–322
parliamentary discourse and,
313–314
conservatism, stylistic
See
editorial decisions
contemporary corpora, comparison with Hansard Corpus,
119
contextualisation of
foreign immigrant
,
123–124
contractions in colloquialisation,
351–353
corpora
as indicators of changes in society,
9
design of,
2–3
to study social changes and events,
9
to track sociocultural changes and events,
10
corpus
characteristics of a,
2, 121
compilation of a,
2–3
corpus linguistics
in cultural studies,
134–139
keywords,
98
corpus-assisted discourse studies (CADS),
144
corpus-linguistic methods, value of,
12
corpus-pragmatic approach,
228, 234–236
correction of British Hansard, rules for,
92
critical discourse analysis (CDA),
143–145
cross-linguistic research,
308–330
cultural studies, corpus linguistics in,
134–139
D
data
accessibility of,
1–2, 90, 95–96
different forms of,
1–2
historical,
1–2
interpretation thereof from distant reading analyses,
75
reliability of,
12
searchable,
3, 90, 93, 95–96, 99, 102, 115
use of,
1–2, 91
visualisation of,
110–116
data analysis
inclusion vs. exclusion criteria,
147
validity of,
246
data collection
automated (online),
4, 279
systematic,
4
data selection for corpus construction,
285
data, parliamentary
different uses of,
11
nature of parameters studied,
6
dataset
Hansard as a complete,
199–200
House of Commons,
143, 163
datasets, large
accessibility of,
8
power and problems of,
3
usefulness of,
4
De Nationale Assemblée (DNA)
composition of,
284
rules of conduct,
285
usefulness of data,
284–285
democracy indices, correlation with,
345
democratisation,
9, 167–191
and colloquialisation,
336–337, 366
as a political concept,
170
definition of,
194
effect of Industrial Revolution on,
169
effect on language,
194
inclusive language in,
365
linguistic definition,
337–338
political definition,
337–338
topic modelling with,
359–364, 366–367
demographic composition of parliaments,
5
demonstratives: use of in Australian Hansard,
79, 82
Diario de Sesiones del Congreso de los Diputados
(Journal of Sittings of the Spanish Parliament),
310–314, 316–318
digital collections,
3
usefulness of,
278
digital corpora, production of,
279
Digital Humanities,
3, 56, 121, 336
digitisation of British Hansard,
90, 100
dimension score analysis,
72–76
direct speech (DS),
28
discourse markers
function in parliamentary discourse,
70
in Australian Hansard,
69–71
discrimination, colour, of the 1970s,
137–138
discussion distribution, patterns of,
102–103
diglossia, 'leaky', as an indicator of language shift,
281
distant reading,
63–64, 72–80, 120–121
distant reading analyses, interpretation of,
76, 242
distant reading vs. close,
8, 56–57, 85–86, 120–121
distributional analysis of relative markers,
265–268
DNA
corpus
construction and analysis,
285–288
distribution of er in,
293–294
frequency of lexemes in,
296–297
Dutch, Netherlandic
Dutch, Netherlandic vs. Surinamese,
289–301
Dutch, Surinamese,
277, 279, 281–284
E
editing of transcripts to produce Hansard,
58
editorial decisions
consistency of,
70
effect on Australian Hansard,
61, 65–69, 76–79, 82–83, 86
effect on Hansard Corpus,
27, 38, 91, 171–172
editorial policy
Australian Hansard,
55
British Hansard,
34
changes over time,
10, 58, 68–69, 71–72
effect on linguistic change,
348, 366
education and language,
358
Elan project,
286–287
emigration
See
migration
employment relationship in the British Hansard,
175–189
er
(there)
distribution in DNA corpus,
293–294
Dutch particle,
289–294
in Belgian Dutch,
290
uses in Netherlandic Dutch,
290–292
uses in Sranantongo,
292–293
European Union
British attitude towards,
138
inclusion of the UK,
144
study of pronouns to indicate attitude of British MPs towards,
9, 149–153
expert knowledge
definition of,
227, 233
in policymaking,
227–228
to support political claims,
228, 244
expert, rhetorical function of terms,
243–246
expertise, types of,
232–233
experts
characteristics of,
229
communication strategies of,
230
role in technical decision-making,
230–231
extensible markup language (XML) version of the Hansard Corpus,
145, 201
F
first-person content,
31
first-person pronouns
as indicators of colloquialisation,
344, 348
as indicators of rhetorical strategy,
67
categories in the British Hansard,
150
frequency in the Hansard Corpus,
32, 41–42
first-person vs. third-person pronouns,
66–69
first-person vs. third-person reporting,
42–43
foreign immigrant
, contextualisation of,
123–124
formalisation of Hansard content,
58
formality
changes in,
69, 78
indicators of,
66–69, 71–72, 82–83
free direct speech (FDS),
28, 30, 39, 48
free indirect speech (FIS),
28
full-length verbatim reporting,
43
H
Hansard
2017 definition of,
46
as a written representation of spoken discourse,
55, 90, 121
purpose of,
49, 90–91
rivalry vs. Barrow,
35–36
use by other Commonwealth countries,
258
usefulness to linguists,
26, 50, 91
Hansard at Huddersfield
function of,
94
interpretation of data from,
101, 115
keyword plots,
113–114
minimising misinterpretation,
115
searching the,
99, 102
tagging inaccuracies in,
94
to track historical events or figures,
99–103
to track topics,
109–113
to track word usage,
104–109, 112
Hansard competitors:
Mirror
/Barrow,
35
Hansard content, formalisation of,
58
Hansard corpora, versions of,
25
Hansard Corpus
accessibility of,
24, 90
analysis of,
18
complexity of,
18
density of,
18
effect of editorial decisions on,
27
extensible markup language (XML) version,
145, 201
online,
171, 201
size of,
18, 202
understanding of,
18
Hansard language, features of,
17
Hansard Publishing Union,
40–41
Hansard's Parliamentary Debates
,
23
Hansard's Parliamentary Debates
vs.
Official Report
,
31
Hansard's Parliamentary Debates
, accuracy of,
36–37
historical events
effect on language,
280
indicators of,
186–189
Historical Thesaurus of English
, use of,
9–10, 225–226, 235
House of Commons,
9, 19, 21, 33, 105, 143, 163
House of Commons vs. House of Lords: linguistic patterns,
340, 354–356
House of Lords,
21, 33, 199
House of Lords verbosity,
356
I
immigration
See
migration
imperfect marking: Surinamese vs. Netherlandic Dutch,
299–301
inclusion vs. exclusion criteria in data analysis,
147
inclusive language in democratisation,
365
India, colonial attitude towards,
134–136
indicators of activity, verbs as,
157, 160
indicators of attitude shift,
62
indicators of sentiment towards master–servant relationship,
173
indicators of colloquialisation, first-person pronouns as,
344, 348
indicators of cultural change,
235, 240
indicators of democratisation, adjectival and prepositional modifications as,
167–168
indicators of formality,
66–69, 71–72
indicators of narrative vs. non-narrative reporting,
73
indicators of rhetorical strategy, first-person pronouns as,
67
indicators of sentiment of Britain towards the EU,
159, 162
indicators of sentiment towards mental illness,
195, 197, 199, 213, 215, 220–222
indicators of sentiment, adjectives as,
125–126, 128–130, 140
indirect speech (IS),
28, 30
Industrial Revolution
effect on democratisation,
169
effect on language,
339
ingroup inclusion
effect of 21st century EU developments,
151–152
indicators of,
159–160
in-house reporting in British Hansard 1909–present,
43
innovation, noun compounds as indicators of,
349
in-person reporting, importance of,
47
interface of spoken and written language,
6–7
interpretation in parliaments,
7
IQ and race,
137
Irish
as a race,
134
discourse regarding mental health,
218
K
key terms
democratisation,
9, 172–173, 180, 186, 189–190
employment,
175, 179
expert
,
236–241
expert knowledge
,
241–243
master
, frequencies of referents of,
182, 190
mental health,
195, 199, 201–205, 225–226
mental health patients,
206–211
migration,
124
personal pronouns,
9
psychiatric illnesses,
212–213
psychiatric institutions,
212–215
race
in the Hansard Corpus,
119–120
servant
, frequency of,
190
which
,
that
,
10
keywords in corpus linguistics,
98, 113
L
labour legislation, changes in,
169–170
Lancaster-Oslo-Bergen (LOB) Corpus,
22
language processing,
263–264
language transmission in Suriname,
282
legal discourse, parliamentary discourse as,
313
legislation, mental health: influence on and by discourse,
198–199, 220–222
legislation: master–servant relationship,
169
lemma search,
128
lexemes in the
DNA
corpus,
296–297
lexical shift,
216
lexical verbs
collocation of,
158, 161
study of,
156–157, 160
lingua franca, unofficial, in Suriname,
284
linguistic changes and social changes, relationship between,
340–341
linguistic changes over time,
347–353
linguistic corpora,
1–2
linguistic features and external indices, correlation of,
356–358
linguistic norms, distant central,
6
linguistic outliers as indicators of historical events,
186–189
linguistic patterning,
11
linguistic patterns
changes in parliamentary,
340–341
differences between House of Lords and House of Commons,
340, 354–356
subconscious,
174
linguistic trauma, definition of,
202
linguistic usefulness of Hansard,
26
linguistic variation,
11
linguistics, scope of,
1
local use (vs. distant central linguistic norms),
6
lunatic
, case study of the term,
217–220
M
Margaret Thatcher,
109
markers of conditionality, prototypical: in English and Spanish,
308–310
master–servant relationship
indicators of changing sentiment towards,
173
legislation governing,
169
mediation in parliaments,
7
megacorpus, characteristics of the ideal,
4
mental health discourse, highest frequency of,
205
mental health in Britain
indicators of sentiment towards,
195, 207
overview,
9–10
pre-1800,
196
stigma of,
195
mental health, emergence of new terms,
197
mental health, major shifts in lexis thereof,
220–222
metafunctions of conditionals in Spanish,
318
migration,
9, 122–126
effect on language,
280
indicators of sentiment towards,
139–140
tracking of word usage,
124
use of Hansard to establish historical discourse,
139–140
Mirror of Parliament
accuracy of,
39
competitor of British Hansard,
34–35
modal verbs,
351
modals
as indicators of formality,
71–72
in Australian Hansard,
71–72
modification patterns, adjectival and prepositional,
167–168
Multidimensional Analysis Tagger (MAT),
63–64
multilingualism in parliaments,
7
N
narrative report of speech acts (NRSA),
28, 30–31, 39, 42
narrative style, trend towards,
73
narrative vs. non-narrative reporting, indicators of,
73
narrator vs. reporter, difference between,
27
noun compounds as indicators,
131
noun compounds as indicators of innovation,
349
nouns and noun compounds, frequency of,
343–344, 348
NRSA sources, limitations of,
34
O
Official Report
accuracy of,
45–46
construction of,
46–47
editorial policy,
44–45, 47–48
inauguration of,
21
Official Report
vs.
Hansard's Parliamentary Debates
,
31
Official Report
vs. transcripts: discrepancies of pronouns,
174
Old Bailey Corpus,
173
one-third rule,
41–42
oral discourse vs. written,
8
orthographic transcription of Australian parliamentary discourse,
60
outgroup languages in Suriname,
281
P
parallel corpora,
8
parliamentary archives/records,
1–2
parliamentary corpora, comparison of spoken and written,
303
parliamentary data
analysis of,
8
rich potential of,
8
Parliamentary Debates (Official Report)
,
24
Parliamentary Debates
changes in content of,
341–342
production after Hansard business was sold,
21
parliamentary discourse,
1
accessibility of,
338
as a barometer of colonial vs. post-colonial language,
6, 127–128
as legal discourse,
313
changes in recording techniques over time,
339
colloquialisation in,
310
complete dataset of,
199–200
conditionals in,
313–314
effect of time on,
5
Parliamentary Discourse
project,
22
parliamentary language,
1
colloquialisation of,
6
corpora of,
279
definition of,
4
driver or inhibitor of change,
278
history of,
119
parliamentary records, oral vs. official,
8
parliamentary reporting
accuracy of,
19–20, 200
increase before 1803,
20
prohibition of in the UK,
19
parliamentary speeches
interventions in,
127–128
nuances of reporting of,
48
parliaments, demographic composition of,
5
passive forms, frequency of,
344
personal pronoun use in ingroup vs. outgroup separation,
162
personal pronoun we,
143–145
personal pronouns,
9
Peterloo Massacre,
99–103
political party differences: attitude towards EU,
153–155
polysemous terms in mental health discourse,
204
possessive constructions in employment-related terms in the British Hansard,
176, 178, 191
POS-tagging,
344
post-colonial language, parliamentary discourse as a barometer of,
6
pragmatism in parliamentary discourse,
11
predictors of relative marker variation,
253, 261–264
predictors of relativiser choice,
269–271
prepositional modification patterns as indicators of democratisation,
167–168
prescriptivism
effect on speech and writing,
257–258
in restrictive relative clause choice,
252, 256–258, 270
specific to Hansard,
262
prescriptivism and processing, interplay of,
10
pronouns as indicators of formality,
66–69
pronouns, discrepancies in
Official Report
vs. transcripts,
174
pronoun-verb compounds, study of,
148
protasis–apodosis position, preferential,
330
publishers of British Hansard,
23–24
Q
quotations within the Hansard,
123
R
race,
9
18th and 19th century definition of,
127
approaches to in linguistics,
121
change in usage,
127–128
colonial vs. contemporary discourse,
127, 130–131
raciolinguistics, purpose of,
121–122
racism,
133, 136
recency of nouns,
349–350
referents
first-person pronouns in British Hansard,
150
importance of,
107
register variation,
72
relative clauses, definition of restrictive vs. non-restrictive,
254
relative marker variation, predictors of,
253, 261–264
relative markers which, that,
10
relative markers which, that, distributional analysis of,
265–268
relativiser choice, predictors of,
269–270
relativisers
formal,
251
informal,
251
wh-,
255
reliability of data,
12
reported speech in the early Hansard,
31
reporter vs. narrator, difference between,
27
research design
corpus pragmatic approach,
228, 234–236
mixed methods,
228, 234–236
quantitative vs. qualitative,
4, 120
research methodology
collocation,
146
concordance,
146
manual analysis/annotation,
315
mixed methods,
195
qualitative,
93
sampling,
259–260
variable clustering,
215–217
research potential: British Hansard,
91–92
restrictive clauses, markers of,
10
restrictive relative clause markers
British vs. Australian Hansard,
265–268, 271
differences in American English,
255
prior research into,
251–252
rhetorical strategy, indicators of,
67
S
sampling techniques: randomised tokens,
314, 342–343
search strings, use of,
122
search techniques
adjective-noun compound,
183
comparison of,
125
lemma search,
128, 130
lexical verbs,
156
search span,
146
selection criteria,
260
term selection,
195
searches, regex,
300–301
second-person pronouns in parliamentary discourse,
68, 262
semantic shift: lunatic,
207–209
sentence length as an indicator of colloquialisation,
351
shorthand records neglected by newspapers,
36
social change,
11
social changes and linguistic changes, relationship between,
340–341
sociocultural changes and events
effect on language,
10
indicators of,
9
sociocultural factors: impact on language,
9
sociolinguistic variables,
5
Spanish grammar, conditionals in,
312
See
Diario de Sesiones del Congreso de los Diputados
Spanish parliament,
11
Spanish parliament as a working parliament,
309
speech report interference,
27
speech representation, factors that influence,
7
speech to text: automated,
286
advantages of,
288
inaccuracy of,
287
speeches, uncorrected, in British Hansard,
33
speech-to-text software,
11
spoken discourse, reduction of features thereof in Australian Hansard,
80–82
spoken English vs. written,
252
spoken language vs. written,
6–7
spoken language, variations in,
11
Sranantongo (Sranan),
277, 280–282, 284
Stanford Tagger,
260
statistical analysis
of frequencies,
205, 252
of quantitative results,
205–217, 252
sub-corpora, complementary,
60–61
sub-corpora, complementary: features for investigation,
61
supplementary contemporary material, British Hansard,
50
Suriname
language transmission in,
282
languages of,
278
linguistic history of,
280–283
parliamentary language of,
302
T
tagging of corpus text,
24
term frequency by genre,
350–351
term selection,
236–238, 241
European Community,
146
mental health,
201–204
search strings,
122
searching Hansard at Huddersfield,
107
searching the Hansard Corpus,
172–173
terminology shifts as a result of World War II,
10
that
as a restrictive relative clause marker, preference for,
254
that
as an informal relativiser,
251
that
-rule,
252, 256–257, 268
third-person vs. first-person pronouns,
66–69
Thomas Curson (T.C.) Hansard Jnr,
20
Thomas Curson (T.C.) Hansard Jnr, retirement of,
21, 40
Thomas Curson (T.C.) Hansard Snr,
20
Thomas Curson (T.C.) Hansard Snr, death of,
21
time (of year and during election cycle), effect on parliamentary discourse,
5
timeframe as a predictor of relative marker alternation,
271
topic modelling,
345–346, 359–364, 366–367
topics
frequency and significance of,
39
peaks of discussion,
123
tracking
of democratisation,
167–168
of historical discourse,
139–140
of historical events or figures,
99–103, 186–189
of topics,
109–113
of word usage,
104–109, 112, 119–120, 124
transcription as the interface between spoken and written language,
6–7
transcription, orthographic: of Australian parliamentary discourse,
60
transcripts
clarity in,
26
different types of,
26
fidelity of,
28
transcripts vs. Australian Hansard
changes in frequency of selected markers,
65
convergence over time,
86–87
reduction of spoken discourse features,
80–82
use of demonstratives,
79, 82
transcripts vs.
Official Report
: discrepancies of pronouns,
174
translation in parliaments,
7
turnaround time of British Hansard,
90
V
variable clustering,
215–217
variation, register,
72
verbatim
definition of,
26, 43
elements most likely to be reported,
93
verbatim policy, Australian Hansard,
258
verbs as indicators
of activity,
157, 160
of sentiment,
159
video recordings of Surinamese parliament,
278
W
which
as a formal relativiser,
251
which
as a restrictive relative clause marker, preference for,
252
word clouds,
110–112
word order: Surinamese vs. Netherlandic Dutch,
295–299
World War II, effects on language,
10
written discourse vs. oral,
8
written English vs. spoken,
252
written language vs. spoken,
6–7