Subject index
A
- A-, B-, AB-event33,
58–62
- knowledge event94, 106, 216
- primary knower
59–60
, 62, 98, 104, 127, 209
- secondary knower20, 55,
59–60
, 98, 107
- accentxi, xii, 43,
71–73
, 77
- acknowledging19, 111, 123,
168–172
,
179–185
, 189, 194, 203, 205,
207–208
,
218–220
- adjacency pairxiii, xi, 51,
59–61
,
66–68
, 94, 113, 124
- first pair-partxi,
66–67
, 84,
88–89
, 99,
109–110
, 112, 116, 121,
124–125
, 169, 188,
197–198
, 216, 237, 240, 242, 244
- second pair-partxiii,
66–67
,
88–89
, 115, 121, 125,
197–198
, 203, 240
- (adjusted) Pearson residualsxii, 50, 97
- advice
95–96
,
117–120
, 122, 126, 217, 221
- age
4–5
,
30–31
,
45–46
, 49,
191–192
,
202–204
, 209,
212–213
, 221
- adolescent/teenager28,
35–37
, 46, 193,
202–203
, 210,
212–213
, 216
- ambiguous19, 57, 62,
86–88
,
96–97
, 108, 116,
120–127
, 140, 144, 146,
149–150
, 153, 156,
160–161
, 164, 171, 176, 178,
192–193
, 197, 200,
202–203
, 205,
207–208
, 217,
219–220
, 237,
240–241
- anchorxv, xii,
1–2
, 15,
32–33
,
51–58
- assertive101, 103, 108,
112–115
, 204
- assessment4, 24, 60,
133–134
, 146, 170, 184
- assumption19, 34, 63, 103, 108,
132–135
,
175–177
, 182, 184, 213
- attitudes1, 19,
24–25
, 27,
32–34
, 76, 91, 113,
129–130
, 135, 141,
147–148
, 158, 160, 162, 189, 216, 218,
220–221
- attitudinal4,
21–22
, 24, 26, 30,
33–34
, 95, 104, 123
- audio3, 36,
40–42
, 50, 76, 216
- authority
58–61
, 82, 171, 212
B
- boundaryxvii, xi, xii,
43–44
,
70–73
- Britishxi, 2, 4, 20, 29, 31, 35, 49, 56, 63, 71, 76,
80–81
, 141, 195, 199,
216–217
C
- challenging4, 17,
19–22
, 24, 83, 129, 135, 142,
147–148
, 150,
158–168
, 175, 181, 184, 186, 190, 195, 203, 212,
218–220
- aggressive17,
21–22
, 26, 119, 129,
150–151
,
158–159
, 165, 177, 181, 184
- disapproval17, 103,
161–162
,
166–167
- peremptory
21–22
, 129,
158–159
- clusters3, 98, 124, 142, 191, 216
- command18, 57, 59, 61, 93,
95–97
,
117–120
, 122, 126, 217, 221, 239
- commitmentxi, xii, 17,
33–34
, 56, 58, 61,
63–64
, 106, 111, 121, 127, 133,
136–139
, 141, 145, 147, 152, 161, 179,
182–184
, 203, 220
- commodity33, 59,
94–95
, 116,
124–125
- common groundxi, 4, 19, 24, 34, 83,
130–139
, 179, 184
- conducive(ness)
19–20
, 24,
67–68
, 84, 86
- confirmatory
21–22
,
26–27
, 95, 137
- confirming24, 107,
171–172
,
174–176
, 179, 181, 184, 189, 194,
203–205
,
207–208
,
218–220
- continuation rises91, 147, 167, 175, 198
- conversational properties
2–4
, 20, 32,
50–51
, 98, 101, 103,
126–127
, 184, 198,
216–217
,
219–220
- conversational settings
4–5
, 31, 35, 213, 221
- broadcast discussions
36–37
, 46,
48–49
, 175, 207, 209
- broadcast interviews36, 49, 207
- classroom
36–37
,
46–49
, 112, 198,
207–209
- commentaries23,
36–37
,
46–47
, 49, 208
- committee meeting
36–37
, 46, 49
- face-to-face conversations
36–37
,
46–47
, 168, 206, 209, 212
- legal cross-examinations
36–37
,
46–47
, 49, 207, 209, 212
- parliamentary debates
36–37
, 46, 49, 181
- spontaneous conversations
46–48
, 124,
206–207
, 209, 212, 215, 220
- telephone conversations37,
46–48
,
206–207
,
209–212
- corpusxv, xi, xii, ix,
2–4
,
27–32
,
35–50
- COLTxv, xvii, xi, 4, 31,
35–49
,
191–203
,
205–206
, 210,
212–213
- ICE-GBxv, xviii, xii, 4, 31,
35–49
,
191–202
,
205–206
,
210–213
, 216
- LLCxv, xvii, xii, 4, 31,
35–49
,
191–202
,
205–206
,
210–211
, 213
D
- demand(ing)ix, 19, 62,
93–98
, 104,
116–118
, 120, 124
- deontic
55–58
, 62, 84,
86–88
, 197, 216
- desired action19, 33,
58–59
,
61–62
,
95–97
,
116–117
,
119–127
, 129, 161,
192–193
,
198–200
,
202–203
, 205,
207–208
, 212, 217, 219, 221, 237,
239–241
- directives18, 21, 55, 119
- (dis)alignment
24–25
, 40, 133,
135–136
, 145, 150, 158,
165–168
, 182, 218
- discourse markersxi, 22, 25,
50–51
, 58, 75, 132, 135, 150
- doubt
16–18
, 24, 83, 100, 138,
140–142
, 144,
181–182
, 186, 194, 196, 198,
202–203
,
209–210
, 212,
218–219
- doubt of presupposed knowledge138, 140, 142,
181–182
, 218
- downgrade60, 172See see upgrade
E
- emphatic counter-expectation138, 140,
142–144
, 186, 194, 203, 205,
218–219
- epistemic22, 24, 34,
55–62
,
84–88
, 100, 108, 127, 137, 171, 197, 212, 216
- establishing4, 19, 24,
135–136
,
168–169
,
171–172
, 175, 179,
181–182
,
185–186
, 188, 190, 209, 218
- evaluation/evaluative
23–25
, 34,
60–61
, 101, 104,
106–107
, 111, 138, 146, 152,
169–172
, 184,
188–189
, 216
- evasive69, 107, 144,
151–152
, 174, 188, 219
- exacerbating136,
158–159
, 162, 164, 168, 181, 184, 194, 199, 218
- exclamation16, 19, 110, 145, 169
F
- face-saving20, 27, 107,
119–120
- face-threatening20, 141, 165, 167,
194–195
- facilitative
21–22
, 24,
26–27
, 129, 168, 175
G
- gender
4–5
,
30–31
,
38–39
, 42,
45–47
, 192, 199,
204–206
,
209–210
, 221
H
- hedging17, 19, 21, 24, 135,
144–145
,
155–156
, 172, 181,
184–188
,
194–195
, 198, 203, 205,
207–209
, 212,
218–220
,
242–244
- hesitation51, 58, 69, 71, 90, 141, 157
- humour24,
176–177
, 179
- irony
23–24
, 129, 177, 179
See see joking
I
- illocutionary force18, 93, 129,
132–133
- informational
21–22
, 26, 95, 137
- initiating19,
84–85
,
94–97
, 113, 124, 175, 217
- innit8, 20,
28–29
, 42,
52–54
, 108, 132,
147–148
, 213
- interactional
1–4
, 14,
18–19
, 27,
32–33
, 51, 58, 90, 94, 129, 132, 143, 190, 215,
217–218
- interactional function27, 58, 190See see speech function
- intersubjective24,
33–34
, 58,
129–130
, 135, 184
- intonationxiii, 3,
15–17
,
27–28
, 31, 40,
42–44
,
69–71
, 76, 85,
90–91
, 220
- invariable/invariant
1–2
,
7–8
, 14,
16–17
,
24–25
,
28–29
,
53–54
See see innit
J
- joking19, 112, 135, 162, 171, 176,
178–179
, 181, 186, 188, 190, 194, 203, 205,
207–208
,
218–220
,
242–244
L
- language change31,
199–200
, 202, 210,
212–213
, 221
- laughter69, 101, 147, 177, 220
M
- marked/unmarked
3–4
, 32,
50–51
, 56, 63, 70,
83–85
, 101, 103, 108, 117,
119–120
, 127, 141, 155, 157, 162,
166–167
, 176, 193, 216, 219
- mirativity4, 24, 133, 135, 138, 142,
144–145
, 147, 155, 158, 167, 171, 182,
186–187
, 218See see als unexpectedness, surprise
- modalxii, 21,
25–26
, 40, 51,
53–58
, 82, 100, 103, 108, 118, 120, 124,
130–135
, 137, 204, 215, 217, 218
- modal particlesxii,
130–133
, 135
- modality2, 22,
55–58
, 62, 64, 84,
86–88
, 197, 216
- mood2,
15–16
, 18, 51,
55–58
, 65, 86, 215, 217
- declarative
15–16
, 20,
56–58
, 65,
83–86
,
88–89
,
93–94
, 98, 100,
103–104
, 108, 112, 118, 120, 124, 187, 197, 216
- imperative
15–16
,
55–57
, 65,
84–86
,
88–89
, 93, 118, 120, 131,
197–198
- exclamative
15–16
, 19, 56
- interrogative1,
15–16
,
19–20
,
51–56
, 60,
63–65
, 84,
88–90
,
97–98
, 104,
108–109
,
112–115
,
125–126
, 151, 189, 197
- polar interrogative56, 64, 109, 112,
114–115
, 126
- wh-interrogative97, 109,
112–115
, 126, 189
- multifunctional2, 7, 54, 90, 132, 215, 220
N
- negation15, 30, 40, 44,
63–65
, 103, 163, 167,
215–216
- negotiating/negotiation34, 59,
61–62
, 93, 116, 120, 125, 135, 175, 181
- nucleus70,
72–73
,
76–77
, 84, 161, 167
O
- obligation
57–61
,
120–121
- offer24, 59, 93,
95–97
,
117–118
, 120, 122, 126, 217, 221, 239
- orientation15, 23, 64, 103, 143
P
- pausexvii, xviii, 40, 51, 63,
67–73
, 91, 99, 107, 151
- permission
57–59
, 61, 121
- pitch43, xvii, xii,
43–44
,
70–73
,
76–77
, 79, 91, 146, 162, 166, 175,
185–186
- polarityxi, xii,
1–2
,
15–18
, 25, 30,
50–51
,
62–65
, 69,
84–87
, 90, 98, 101, 122, 127, 152, 157, 162, 167,
170–171
,
175–176
, 178,
187–189
,
196–197
,
216–217
,
219–220
- constant polarityxi,
15–17
, 19, 21, 24, 25, 30,
62–63
, 65,
85–86
, 101, 113, 117, 120, 141, 144, 152, 162, 167, 187, 189
- reversed polarityxii,
15–17
, 63, 85, 103, 121
- post-nuclearxii, 17, 19, 24,
73–74
, 77,
82–87
,
99–103
, 105, 109,
113–114
, 116, 120, 122,
126–127
,
140–141
, 144, 146, 149, 153,
156–157
, 160, 164, 171, 176, 178,
185–186
, 196,
219–220
- Praat36, 43,
74–75
,
77–79
- pragmatic marker23, 40, 67, 114, 132, 221
- pre-nuclearxii, 73, 75, 77, 82,
84–85
, 87, 99, 102, 105, 109,
116–117
, 120, 122, 126, 140, 144, 146, 149, 153,
156–157
,
160–161
, 164, 171, 176, 178, 185, 198, 220
- presupposition1, 17,
33–34
, 130,
132–133
, 159, 177, 182, 189, 216, 218
- presupposition trigger
132–133
, 177, 182
- pretence20, 162, 166, 177, 184, 187, 203
- pronoun40, 44, 53, 77, 120
- proposals for joint action93,
96–97
, 118, 120, 122, 126, 217, 221
- propositionxii,
17–18
, 20,
25–26
,
33–34
, 61,
63–65
, 100,
129–130
,
132–133
,
135–138
, 182, 184
- prosodyix,
2–3
, 8, 14, 27, 162, 215, 220
- prosodic properties
3–4
, 28,
31–32
, 35,
50–51
, 91, 97, 141, 186, 188, 195, 197, 215,
240–241
- punctuational21, 26, 95, 145
Q
- questionxv, xiii, 1, 4, 16,
18–20
, 24, 26, 40, 47,
51–52
, 53, 56, 62, 64,
66–67
, 71, 76,
82–83
, 91, 93,
95–101
,
103–105
,
107–110
,
112–116
,
122–127
,
130–132
, 135,
137–141
,
143–144
,
146–147
,
149–151
,
152–154
, 156,
158–162
,
164–165
, 169, 171, 174,
176–178
,
189–190
,
192–194
, 196,
198–199
,
202–210
,
212–213
, 215,
217–219
, 221, 237,
240–241
- questioning19, 24, 60,
99–101
,
103–104
, 107, 150, 158, 161,
164–165
, 168, 184, 186, 194, 198, 203, 205,
207–209
, 212,
218–220
- questioning stance
164–165
, 168, 184, 186, 194, 203, 205,
207–209
, 212,
218–220
R
- reported speech162, 166, 187
- request4,
16–17
,
26–27
, 90,
95–96
, 239
- requesting19, 26, 53, 120, 198
- response1,
3–4
, 14,
17–20
, 23, 26, 33, 40,
50–51
, 55,
66–69
, 84,
86–89
, 91, 93,
94–105
,
107–117
,
120–127
, 129, 137,
139–141
,
143–144
,
146–156
,
159–162
,
164–165
,
168–171
, 174,
176–179
,
188–190
,
192–193
,
197–200
,
202–203
,
205–208
,
212–213
, 215,
216–220
,
237–238
,
240–242
, 244
- acknowledgement16,
18–19
,
95–96
, 110,
115–116
,
124–126
, 172, 174, 188, 219
- backchannels40, 50, 69, 102, 147
- confirmation
16–19
, 22, 24,
26–27
, 53, 59, 66, 69, 84, 86,
88–89
, 93, 95, 99, 102,
105–107
,
109–111
,
115–116
,
119–120
, 122, 131, 135,
137–138
,
140–142
, 144,
146–147
,
149–151
, 153, 156,
159–160
,
164–165
, 168,
170–172
,
174–178
,
188–189
,
197–198
, 207, 209, 216,
219–220
- contradiction83,
95–97
,
110–111
, 116, 132,
141–143
, 149,
151–152
, 157, 165
- (dis)agreement
16–17
,
23–24
, 26, 29, 40,
53–54
, 69,
84–85
,
99–102
,
105–107
,
109–110
, 114,
116–117
, 122,
140–142
, 148,
152–153
, 156,
159–160
,
168–172
, 174,
176–178
, 189, 197,
219–221
- non-confirmative66, 69, 84, 86, 99, 102, 105, 107, 109,
116–117
, 122, 140, 144, 146,
149–150
, 153, 156,
159–160
, 164, 171, 176, 178, 220
- responding66,
94–95
, 110,
112–115
, 121,
124–125
, 189
- same speaker68, 104,
111–112
, 114
- rhetorical3, 14, 19, 22, 27,
32–34
, 95, 129,
131–133
, 135, 177,
189–190
, 216
S
- SoAxii, 64, 101,
145–146
,
152–154
, 159, 170,
181–182
, 184,
186–189
, 194,
203–205
,
207–209
,
218–220
- softening
21–22
, 55, 95, 129
- speech function
1–4
, 14,
18–19
, 26, 27,
33–34
, 51,
53–54
, 58, 69, 89, 91,
93–127
- stance
1–4
, 14,
20–22
,
24–25
, 27,
32–34
, 42, 45,
50–51
, 53, 58, 61, 76, 89, 91, 93, 109, 123,
129–130
,
133–134
,
136–138
, 140,
143–145
,
148–152
, 155,
157–159
, 161,
163–172
,
174–177
,
179–191
,
193–195
, 201,
203–205
,
207–212
,
215–216
,
218–221
,
242–244
- stating the obvious150, 160,
165–168
, 185,
194–195
, 198, 203, 205,
207–208
, 212,
218–220
- subjective24,
33–34
,
57–58
, 106,
129–130
, 133, 135, 184
- surprise
16–17
; , 19,
23–24
; , 69,
100–101
; , 117, 142, 182, 190see also mirativity, unexpectedness
T
- tagxv, xii, xiii,
1–3
,
15–21
, 25,
28–29
,
32–33
,
39–40
, 42,
51–58
, 60,
62–65
,
70–88
, 91, 95, 98,
215–217
,
219–221
- tonexi, xii, xiii, xv, xvii, 16, 18,
39–40
,
42–44
,
70–90
, 97, 99,
101–103
, 105,
108–109
, 113, 116, 122,
140–141
, 144, 146,
148–149
, 153,
156–158
, 160, 162,
164–165
, 171, 176, 178,
185–187
, 192,
195–196
,
215–217
, 221,
237–243
- fallxi, xii, xvii, 7,
16–18
, 24, 71, 73,
76–78
,
79–89
, 97,
99–100
,
102–103
, 105,
108–109
, 111,
113–114
,
116–117
,
119–120
, 122, 126,
140–141
, 144,
146–149
,
152–153
,
155–157
,
160–162
, 164, 168,
170–171
,
175–176
,
178–179
,
185–186
, 195, 198, 216,
218–220
, 237,
239–240
, 242
- risexvii, xi, xii,
16–17
, 24, 71,
76–80
,
82–91
, 97,
99–103
, 105,
108–109
, 113,
116–117
,
119–120
, 122,
126–127
,
139–141
, 144,
146–149
, 153,
155–157
, 160, 162, 164,
166–167
, 171,
175–176
, 178,
185–187
, 192,
195–196
, 198, 217,
219–220
, 237,
239–240
, 242
- tonal movement71, 83, 148
- tone unit/TUxiii,
70–76
,
80–85
, 87, 91, 99,
101–102
, 105, 109, 113, 116, 122, 126, 140, 144, 146, 149, 153, 156, 160, 164, 171, 176, 178, 196,
216–217
- turnxv, xiii, 3, 20,
23–24
,
38–40
,
50–51
, 60,
66–69
,
83–91
,
126–127
, 189,
198–199
,
215–217
,
219–220
- turn-finalxiii,
66–69
,
84–90
, 99,
101–102
, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113,
116–117
, 119,
121–122
, 126,
140–141
, 144, 146, 149,
152–153
, 156,
159–160
, 164,
170–171
, 174,
176–178
, 189, 199, 217,
219–220
- turn-medialxiii,
66–69
,
84–91
, 99,
102–103
, 105, 107,
109–111
, 113, 116, 122,
126–127
, 140, 144,
146–147
, 149, 151, 153, 156,
159–160
, 164,
170–171
,
174–176
, 178, 189, 198,
216–217
, 220
U
- uncertainty17, 19, 24, 26, 30,
82–83
, 91,
100–101
, 103, 108,
113–114
, 119, 127,
136–137
, 139, 141, 147, 157, 162,
181–182
, 198, 204
- unexpectedness64, 83, 133, 149,
152–155
,
158–159
, 163, 166, 168, 170, 181, 184,
186–189
, 194,
203–205
,
208–209
, 212,
218–220
See see als mirativity
- unexpectedness of H's stance149, 155, 184, 203, 205
- unexpectedness of SoA153, 181, 186, 188, 203, 205
- upgrade60,
170–172
See see downgrade