Subject index
A
- acts of parliament passim8, 10,
14–16
,
173–174
, 177,
181–184
,
188–189
, 190, 193,
235–260
- adjective
91–92
, 103, 125, 133, 137, 141,
155–156
, 205, 272
- attributive9,
163–166
, 250
- adverb59, 92, 103, 125,
155–156
see also adverbial
- anaphora
30–32
; , 45, 89, 172, 178, 180see also pronoun
- argumentation passim
12, 62, 69,
86–87
, 100, 123, 125,
127–128
,
132–143
151, 261
-
assumption passim
13, 123,
128–131
,
140–144
- authorial124, 144, 172,
185–187
, 190,
192–193
- authority8, 44, 56,
71–72
, 123, 139,
143–144
, 151, 173,
185–186
, 193, 245, 248, 253, 256
B
- binomial11,
25–26
; , 30, 34,
45–46
; ,
91–93
; , 100, 238, 243, 250see also multinomial
C
- clause35, 44, 144, 150, 186see also conditional
- complement passim
12–13
, 14, 84, 87, 89, 100,
124–146
155,
160–162
, 166
- coordinate3, 11, 35, 45, 161
- passive3, 9,
11–12
,
38–39
, 40, 41,
45–46
, 94, 96,
98–100
, 156,
158–159
, 240
- relative
11–12
, 14, 30,
35–36
, 45, 87, 89, 90, 95, 98, 100, 155,
160–162
, 166, 250
- subordinate14, 35, 36, 84, 87, 155, 160, 163, 166
- collocation passim;16, 42, 85, 92,
235–260
see also semantic prosody
- and social representation passim
16,
235–260
- colloquialization passim;14,
149–169
; see also popularization
- complexity passim
12, 14, 35, 37, 87, 89, 98, 100, 144,
149–169
; 171see also nominalization; noun phrase
-
conclusion
13–14
,
128–133
,
137–139
, 142
- conditional passim
3, 11,
51–78
97
- complex connective52, 55,
60–61
- normative vs non-normative56
- si-conditional
58–60
,
67–68
- unless-conditional56,
59–60
- contract passim
11,
25–50
- land contract passim
11,
25–50
- operative provisions11,
28–29
- contraction9, 14, 149, 155,
158–159
- coordinator84,
93–94
; see also clause: coordinate
- coordinating conjunction
83–84
; , 90, 103see also clause: coordinate
- corpora
- Academic Journals Corpus (AJC) passim
129–146
- British Law Report Corpus (BLaRC)125, 133, 139, 174
- British Library Patent Archive Sample (BLPAS) passim
208–234
- British National Corpus (BNC)12, 33,
81–84
, 87, 106, 222
- Corpus of Early Modern English Statutes 1491–1707
177, 183, 195
- Corpus of English Dialogues 1560–1760 (CED) passim
10,
105–122
178
- Corpus of Historical English Law Reports 1535–1999 (CHELAR) passim
vii,
14–15
,
149–199
- Corpus of Judicial Opinions (CJO) passim
129–146
- Corpus of Late Modern English Statutes passim
16,
235–260
- Corpus de Sentencias Penales (COSPE)33
- Hansard Corpus passim
52–78
- Helsinki Corpus
55, 177,
183–184
- Integrated Reference Corpora for Spoken Romance Languages (C-ORAL-ROM) passim
52–78
- International Corpus of English (ICE-GB) passim
52–78
- Lascaster-Oslo-Bergen Corpus of British English
6
- London-Lund Corpus of Spoken English
6
- Old Bailey Corpus 2.0 (OBC) passim
10, 17, 178,
261–285
- counterfactuality53,
55–56
, 97
- courtroom discourse passim, passim, passim
9,
11–13
,
16–17
,
51–78
87,
105–122
126, 189,
261–285
D
- discourse marker9, 11, 66
E
- economy passim
14, 90, 98,
149–169
- ellipsis36, 89,
94–95
, 100
- English for Legal Purposes144, 174
- English for Specific Purposes7
- evaluation passim
54,
123–146
185, 239, 256, 267, 279
- evolutionary theory passim
15,
201–234
- replication passim
15,
201–234
- selection passim
16,
201–234
F
-
fact passim
13,
87–88
, 100, 113, 122,
123–146
-
fiction à substrat specialisé (FASP)2,
113–114
- forensic linguistics
3–5
; see also Miranda case
- French passim
3, 11, 44,
51–78
90, 187, 189
- gender181,
237–238
, 249, 265, 266
- neutrality181see also pronoun: sex-role bias
- women
181–182
, 236, 238, 241, 246, 250, 255, 266,
269–270
, 281
- genre2,
6–12
,
14–17
, 38, 43, 46, 57, 150, 152, 167, 186see also legal discourse; register; text type
- contract passim
11,
25–50
- fiction passim
2, 7,
9–10
, 14,
149–169
238
- IMRD rhetorical structure152, 167
- judicial opinion passim
13,
123–146
- law report passim
8,
14–16
, 125, 129,
149–199
- legal passim, passim, passim
8, 10, 12, 14, 45, 65, 73,
79–103
123–146
201–234
- newspaper article passim
14,
149–169
240, 257
- parliamentary acts passim
8, 10,
14–16
,
173–174
, 177,
181–184
,
188–189
, 190, 193,
235–260
- patent passim
15–16
,
201–234
- proclamations10,
14–15
, 174, 177,
182–184
, 188, 190, 193
- research article passim, passim
7, 9, 14, 25,
79–104
125, 129,
149–169
204–205
- statutes passim
1, 9,
14–15
, 56,
173–174
, 177,
182–184
,
188–190
, 193,
235–260
- trial proceedings passim
10,
105–122
176–178
, 189
- wills8, 40, 45, 80, 177, 185, 193
- witness depositions10, 176, 178, 189, 193
H
- historical pragmatics passim;2,
9–10
; , 16, 226,
235–260
; see also (im)politeness
-
Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary
267
I
-
idea
130–131
,
139–140
, 143
- impersonal3, 16, 38, 45, 143,
172–173
, 192, 240, 256
- (im)politeness261, 266, 272see also politeness
-
Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales (ICLR)
175–176
,
192–193
- industrial revolution208, 217, 223
- intensification passim
17,
261–285
- interpersonality passim;
14–15
; , 125,
171–199
; see also metafunction: interpersonal
- Italian passim
11,
25–50
52, 55, 127
J
- judicial opinion passim;13,
123–146
; see also law report; legal opinion
K
- keyness passim
12,
79–103
L
- law report passim;8,
14–16
; , 125, 129,
149–199
; see also judicial opinion; legal opinion
- legal discourse passim
- academic passim, passim
8, 12, 25,
79–103
123–146
- business passim
12, 46,
79–103
125
- commercial passim
12, 25,
79–103
- courtroom passim, passim, passim
9,
11–13
,
16–17
,
51–78
87,
105–122
126, 189,
261–285
- descriptive8, 173, 177, 190, 193
- expository8, 152,
173–174
, 193
- formal8, 14, 33, 167,
171–172
, 178, 182, 189,
192–194
, 240
- hybrid8, 52, 57,
173–174
, 190, 193
- legislative8, 25, 38, 40, 65, 89,
92–94
, 97, 246
- operative8, 11,
28–29
,
173–174
, 193
- parliamentary passim;
10–12
; ,
51–78
; see also genre: parliamentary acts
- prescriptive8, 15, 26, 38, 40,
44–46
,
173–174
, 177, 182, 190, 193
- legal opinion passim;
8–9
; ,
123–146
; see also judicial opinion; law report
- length
- of sentence3, 12, 30, 35, 45, 84, 89,
97–98
, 100, 172
- lexical bundle passim
12, 13, 26,
105–122
125
- as utterance launcher13, 113, 119
- other-directed
111–112
, 119
- with specific reference13, 111, 113, 119
M
-
majesty passim
16,
236–260
- metafunction passim;11,
51–78
see also conditional
- ideational passim
11,
51–78
- interpersonal passim
11,
51–78
; 125, 173, 185, 187, 192see also interpersonality
- Miranda case4see also forensic linguistics
- modal passim
3, 11, 13, 14, 26,
38–45
51,
55–57
,
64–66
,
71–74
, 84,
95–98
, 103, 135, 149, 155,
158–159
, 166see also modality
- deontic
25–26
,
38–46
, 56, 87, 95,
97–99
- modality passim
25–26
, 30,
38–46
79, 87, 97
- move analysis passim
7, 15,
201–234
- move sequence analysis205, 213,
219–222
, 225
- move type analysis
213–219
, 225
- multi-dimensional analysis6, 14, 179, 190see also factor analysis
- Involved vs. Informational Production15, 173, 178
- Narrative vs. Non-narrative Discourse178
- multinomial11, 30, 34, 45, 238, 243see also binomial
N
- negation136, 268, 275, 276, 281
- negative39, 42,
59–60
, 87, 93, 128, 130, 134, 136, 141, 143
- nominalization3, 9, 25, 30, 37,
45–46
,
154–158
,
165–166
, 172
-
notion
129–131
,
139–140
, 143
- noun
- as pre-modifier passim
14,
155–169
- communication123,
130–132
- epistemic passim
13,
123–146
- noun that-pattern passim
13–14
,
123–146
- possessive12,
83–86
, 99, 103
- stance passim
13,
123–146
- noun phrase150, 155see also complexity
- post-modification14,
153–155
,
163–164
, 167
- pre-modification14, 158,
163–165
O
-
Oxford English Dictionary (OED)189,
267–268
,
273–274
P
- part of speech (POS) passim
12,
79–103
- participle84, 89, 91, 94, 103
- passive
- be passive
98–100
, 156, 158
See clause: passive
- patent passim
15–16
,
201–234
- Patent Law Amendment Act16, 215, 223
- Patent Office16, 208, 215, 219
-
person passim
16, 236,
238–239
,
243–256
- Plain Language Movement3, 11, 38, 40
- politeness41, 62, 69, 187, 189, 261,
266–267
, 272
- face99, 128, 261,
266–267
, 271,
276–277
, 282
- popularization passim;14,
149–169
; see also colloquialization
- pragmatics
1–2
,
9–10
, 26, 41, 46, 208see also historical pragmatics
- euphemism261,
271–272
, 274
- prepositional phrase14, 114, 144,
153–155
,
163–164
, 172
- pronoun
30–31
- personal passim
13–15
, 31, 82,
111–112
, 117, 149, 155,
158–159
,
171–199
- relative12, 32, 35, 84, 87, 89, 90, 94, 100, 103, 129see also clause: relative
Q
- question(ing) passim
61, 62, 106, 108, 115, 118, 188, 242,
261–285
- wh-13, 108, 115, 116, 117
R
- reference target passim
17,
261–285
- registersee also genre; legal discourse; text type
- academic passim, passim, passim
7–8
,
12–14
, 25,
79–103
124–146
149–169
180, 185, 187,
204–205
- sub-register passim
12–13
,
105–122
- uptight passim
14,
149–169
- repetition11,
30–32
, 89, 91, 172, 180, 237, 240, 248
- Romance languages passim
44,
51–78
S
- semantic prosody16, 236,
239–241
, 243,
254–257
-
sober
17, 268,
270–271
,
274–277
, 280, 283
- social class263, 265,
267–268
-
sovereign passim
16,
236–258
- Spanish passim
11, 33,
51–78
187
- speaker role
265–266
, 278,
280–281
- speech act9, 15, 125, 210, 241see also conditional: speech act
- stance passim
11, 13,
54–55
, 66,
123–146
187,
264–265
, 272
- style
- impersonal3, 38, 45, 143, 173, 192, 240, 256
- involved171, 173, 178, 180, 192
- subjectivity passim
15, 123, 127,
171–199
-
suggestion
128,
130–131
, 139, 143
T
- text type
6–7
,
56–57
, 171,
173–174
, 178, 182, 188, 190,
192–194
, 203, 240
- trial passim, passim
10,
12–13
, 25, 62, 73,
105–122
176–178
, 187, 189,
193–194
,
262–283
- closing argument13,
105–114
, 120, 265
- cross-examination13, 57,
105–114
,
116–120
- direct examination13,
105–108
,
114–118
, 120, 188, 267
- O. J. Simpson passim
13,
105–122
- opening statement13,
105–114
, 120, 265
V
- varieties of English
- American passim, passim
26, 40, 56,
105–122
127,
129–144
161, 267
- verb form
36–37
, 63, 103
- present indicative12, 44,
63–64
, 84,
87–88
, 103