Index
A
aspectual meaning
8–9
,
15–6
,
21–2
, 36, 38, 40, 48, 60, 65
experiential
67–8
,
123–8
B
bridging context 33, 59,
72–5
; , 85, 115, 140
see also implicature, pragmatic
Bybee, Joan L.
15–6
; , 35, 64
see also grammaticalization
see also tense-aspect marker
C
Cantonese corpora
Cantonese dictionaries
30–1
early Cantonese materials
23–5
Hong Kong Cantonese Corpus (HKCanCorp) 30
Cantonese particle
7–10
;
see also sentence (final) particle
see also verbal particle
Chappell, Hilary
4–6
;
see also Cantonese typology
Cheung, Hungnin 8, 24, 38, 39, 43, 124, 134,
137–8
; , 170, 191, 195
see also early Cantonese materials
see also directional complement
classification of Chinese dialects 5
conventionalized implicature See
implicature, pragmaticsee
Croft, William 14, 63, 77
see also grammaticalization
D
Dahl, Östen 15
see also tense-aspect marker
deresultative 126
see also directional verb, resultative
directional complement 9,
37–42
directional particle in Cantonese
1–3
,
9–10
,
35–7
faan1 ‘move back’
82–4
,
188–201
gwo3 ‘move across’
66–8
,
115–30
hei2 ‘move (something) up’
68–9
,
131–50
current relevance constraint
145–7
telicity requirement constraint 147
hoi1 ‘move away’
65–6
, 74,
168–75
lok6 ‘descend’
81–3
,
153–65
maai4 ‘move towards’ 75,
175–88
soeng5 ‘ascend’
150–3
;
see also directional complement
directional verb 38,
41–2
locative 42, 45,
47–8
,
87–8
multiple sequence of
42–5
;
see also directional complement, complex
discourse marker 7, 22, 78
E
epistemic marker 22, 79, 80
parenthetical 12, 22
see also pragmatic marker
evaluative marker See
subjective markersee
evidential marker 80, 212
see also pragmatic marker
F
Fischer, Olga 12, 15
see also grammaticalization
G
give verb 22, 60,
97–8
,
119–21
grammaticalization
studies on Chinese
18–22
,
59–60
studies on Indo-European Languages
14–6
typical pathways of 32, 60, 207
unidirectional principle of
16–7
, 21
grammaticization See
grammaticalizationsee
H
Haspelmath, Martin 12, 15, 64
see also grammaticalization
see also metaphor, spatial
Heine, Bernd 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 21, 36, 37, 44, 60, 64, 69, 70, 71, 73, 92, 97
see also grammaticalization
see also metaphor
image schema
61–3
of gwo3 ‘move across’ 67, 116
of hei2 ‘move (something) up’ 68, 132
of maai4 ‘move towards’ 165
I
implicature
pragmatic
73–6
, 115
of ‘should/ought to’
192–4
intersubjectification 79, 201
see also subjectification
J
Johnson, Mark 60, 62, 64
see also metaphor
L
Lakoff, George 36,
60–4
, 127
the story of ‘over’ 127
see also metaphor
language change 11, 15, 21, 60,
77–8
; , 86, 212
see also semantic change
Lehmann, Christian 11, 12, 13, 15, 36, 37
see also grammaticalization
Luke, Kangkwong 8, 30, 55, 182, 183
see also Cantonese corpora, Hong Kong Cantonese corpus
see also sentence (final) particle
see also directional particle, maai4
Kwok, Helen 8, 9, 39, 109, 123, 137, 138, 179, 191, 213
see also sentence (final) particle
see also verbal particle
M
Mandarin Chinese 88,
91–2
, 95,
125–7
,
202–3
metaphor, CH.4
60–9
spatial
61–3
;
see also image schema
metaphorical extension (as process) 68, 69, 74, 75, 90, 104, 108, 117, 125, 130,
132–3
; ,
135–6
; , 152, 157,
168–9
; , 175, 203, 204
see also metaphor
modality
8–9
, 12, 16, 22, 36, 38, 49
monosyllabic preference
53–7
perception verb 91,
161–2
; , 164, 213
see also directional particles ceot1 and jap6
P
politeness marker 212
see also pragmatic marker
potential construction
40–2
; ,
128–30
; , 135
see also directional complement
pragmatic enrichment, CH.5
69–76
pragmatic marker 30,
59–60
, 212
pragmatic strengthening 74
purposive particle
91–7
;
see also directional particles lai4 and heoi3
R
resultative complement 9, 37, 39, 41,
45–8
S
say verb 80See
verbsee
perception verbsee
semantic change 21, 36,
59–61
, 64,
70–72
, 79, 207, 210, 211
unidirectional path in 47, 78, 80
see also subjectification
semantic reduction See
bleachingsee
semanticised implicature See
conventionalized implicaturesee
sentence (final) particle
7–8
,
21–2
Shen, Jiaxuan 21, 22, 81
see also grammaticalization studies on Chinese
Shi, Yuzhi 18, 20, 21
see also grammaticalization studies on Chinese
shici xuhua See
yufa huasee
speaker-hearer negotiation 74, 85
stancemarking See
subjectificationsee
subjectification , Ch.6 31, 32, 33,
76–85
, 86
unidirectional tendency of 78, 86
subjective marker 3, 59,
81–2
; , 84, 86, 163, 201, 212
see also subjectification
subjectivity
74–81
; , 149
see also subjectification
Sun, Chaofen 4, 5, 18, 21
see also grammaticalization studies on Chinese
Svorou, Soteria 35, 36, 37
see also metaphor, spatial
Sweetser, Eve E. 61, 64
see also pragmatic marker
switch context See
bridging contextsee
T
Tang, Szewing 8, 22, 54, 55, 56, 60, 124, 160, 170, 188, 195, 196, 197
see also verbal particle
see also directional particle, faan1
tense-aspect marker
21–2
, 40,
60–1
transfer particle
97–9
; ,
118–23
;
see also directional particles lai4 and gwo3
Traugott, Elizabeth, C. 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 36, 59, 64, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 86, 149, 206, 207, 210, 212
see also grammaticalization
see also intersubjectification
see also subjectification
V
verbal particle
8–10
; ,
54–5
;
see also directional particle
verbs of motion See
directional verb, deicticsee
VV construction 38, 43, 44
serial verb construction
48–51
W
Wu, Zoe Xiuzhi 21
see also grammaticalization studies on Chinese
yufa hua
18
see also grammaticalization studies on Chinese
X
Xing, Janet Zhiqun 21, 48
see also grammaticalization studies on Chinese
see also semantic change
Xu, Dan 36, 37, 47, 48, 88, 202, 203, 211
see also metaphor, spatial
see also grammaticalization, asymmetry
Y
Yue, Anne 24, 102, 123
see also Cantonese corpora, early Cantonese materials