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Part of
Growing Old with Two Languages: Effects of Bilingualism on Cognitive Aging
Edited by Ellen Bialystok and Margot D. Sullivan
[Studies in Bilingualism 53] 2017
► pp. 265–295

Chapter 13
History-inspired reflections on the Bilingual Advantages Hypothesis

| McGill University
| McGill University
| McGill University
| McGill University
| McGill University

In recent years, there has been much debate regarding the hypothesis that bilingual language experience leads to “advantages” in neurocognition, particularly, in executive control. This debate has played out most excitedly with respect to younger adults, but it has also occurred with respect to older adults, the topic of this volume. In this chapter, we reflect upon the nature of debate concerning the bilingual advantages hypothesis within our field, a debate that directly impacts both how we are viewed as scientists from the outside our field, and the message we send to the next generation of scientists within our field. We first recount the theoretical basis of the bilingual advantages hypothesis. We then reflect upon how this hypothesis relates to foundational controversies long-standing in the language sciences and offer our idiosyncratic interpretation regarding the current status of the debate. Finally, we enumerate several concluding thoughts about how our field might proceed more effectively when investigating the relationships between bilingualism and neurocognition.

Keywords: bilingualism, historical reflections, executive control, scientific debate
Article outline
  • How does bilingual language experience impact executive control?
  • Broader theoretical views of language relevant to the bilingual advantages hypothesis
  • Meet the new controversy, same as the old controversy
  • A flavor for the evidence
  • Wrapping up
  • Final words
  • References
Published online: 7 August 2017
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.53.13tit
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2021. Extending the scope of the ‘cognitive advantage’ hypothesis: multilingual individuals show higher flexibility of goal adjustment. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
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2023. Bilingual Language Experience and Its Effect on Conflict Adaptation in Reactive Inhibitory Control Tasks. Psychological Science 34:2 ► pp. 238 ff. DOI logo
Mclennan, Conor T. & Sara Incera
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2019. Ageing with bilingualism: benefits and challenges. Speech, Language and Hearing 22:1 ► pp. 32 ff. DOI logo
Schroeder, Scott R.
2018. Do Bilinguals Have an Advantage in Theory of Mind? A Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Communication 3 DOI logo
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2019. Bilingual experience and executive control over the adult lifespan: The role of biological sex. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22:04 ► pp. 733 ff. DOI logo
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2024. Are language–cognition interactions bigger than a breadbox? Integrative modeling and design space thinking temper simplistic questions about causally dense phenomena. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 47 DOI logo
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2021. Spoken word processing in bilingual older adults. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 11:4 ► pp. 578 ff. DOI logo
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2023. Rethinking multilingual experience through a Systems Framework of Bilingualism. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 26:1 ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
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