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Part of
Bilingual Cognition and Language: The state of the science across its subfields
Edited by David Miller, Fatih Bayram, Jason Rothman and Ludovica Serratrice
[Studies in Bilingualism 54] 2018
► pp. 283–306

Chapter 13
Bilingualism and executive function

What’s the connection?

| York University

This chapter examines the idea that much of the confusion and contradictory evidence about the relation between bilingualism and executive function can be traced to an over-simplification of the two main terms. Using more nuanced definitions for “bilingualism” and “executive function”, research examining the effect of bilingualism on cognition in infancy, childhood, and adulthood is reviewed. The sum of the evidence is then used to attempt to extract a common “mechanism” for the diverse effects that is consistent with a broader definition of the main concepts of bilingualism and executive function. The conclusion is that a continuous notion of “executive attention” in which there is a linear relation between degree of bilingualism and degree of executive function demands provides a good fit with the empirical evidence and a plausible explanation for the modifications found in the brain and behavior of bilinguals across the lifespan.

Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Defining the terms
  • 3.Research with infants
  • 4.Cognitive processing in childhood
  • 5.Effects of bilingualism in adulthood
  • 6. The mechanism of cognitive change in bilingualism
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
Published online: 8 March 2018
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.54.13bia
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2023. Usages pédagogiques de pratiques numériques translangagières dans les classes de sciences. Lidil :67 DOI logo
Siemund, Peter, Eliane Lorenz & Tugba Elif Toprak-Yildiz
2023. The impact of heritage language proficiency on English as an additional language: disentangling language and cognition. International Journal of Multilingualism ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Smith, Sara A. & Jessica Briggs Baffoe-Djan
2022. It takes two to make a thing go write: self-reported Spanish reading and writing skill and relationships with digit span and stroop task performance among Spanish-English bilinguals. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 25:1 ► pp. 272 ff. DOI logo
SMITH, Sara A., Sibylla LEON GUERRERO, Sarah SURRAIN & Gigi LUK
2022. Phonetic discrimination, phonological awareness, and pre-literacy skills in Spanish–English dual language preschoolers. Journal of Child Language 49:1 ► pp. 80 ff. DOI logo
Smith, Sara A., Stephanie R. Seitz, Kelly H. Koutnik, Meaghan Mckenna & Jorge N. Garcia
2020. The “work” of being a bilingual: Exploring effects of forced language switching on language production and stress level in a real-world setting. Applied Psycholinguistics 41:3 ► pp. 701 ff. DOI logo
Spinu, Laura
2023. Serial memory mechanisms in monolingual and bilingual speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism 27:4 ► pp. 397 ff. DOI logo
Tokuhama-Espinosa, Tracey
2019. The Learning Sciences Framework in Educational Leadership. Frontiers in Education 4 DOI logo
Tong, Ke, Yuan Ni Chan, Xiaoqin Cheng, Bobby Cheon, Michelle Ellefson, Restria Fauziana, Shengchuang Feng, Nastassja Fischer, Balázs Gulyás, Natalie Hoo, David Hung, Kastoori Kalaivanan, Christelle Langley, Kean Mun Lee, Li Ling Lee, Timothy Lee, Irene Melani, Nadhilla Melia, Jia Ying Pei, Lisha Raghani, Yoke Loo Sam, Peter Seow, John Suckling, Yan Fen Tan, Chew Lee Teo, Ryutaro Uchiyama, Hui Shan Yap, Georgios Christopoulos, Henriette Hendriks, Annabel Chen, Trevor Robbins, Barbara Sahakian, Zoe Kourtzi, Victoria Leong & Avanti Dey
2023. Study protocol: How does cognitive flexibility relate to other executive functions and learning in healthy young adults?. PLOS ONE 18:7 ► pp. e0286208 ff. DOI logo
Wagley, Neelima, Rebecca A. Marks, Lisa M. Bedore & Ioulia Kovelman
2022. Contributions of bilingual home environment and language proficiency on children’s Spanish–English reading outcomes. Child Development 93:4 ► pp. 881 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 22 march 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.