Nicola Del Maschio | Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, San Raffaele University, Milan
Jubin Abutalebi | Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, San Raffaele University, Milan
A basic issue in the neuroscience of language is whether the neural representation of L2 converges with that of L1. In this chapter we review data from functional and structural neuroimaging studies focusing on phonological, grammatical and lexico-semantic processing in bilinguals. Functional data indicate that L1 and L2 are processed through the same neural structures, both in comprehension and production. Reported L1-L2 differences are typically modulated by L2 proficiency and exposure. Structural data show that bilinguals may exhibit neuroanatomical alterations as a consequence of bilingual experience, and that the quantity and quality of second-language experience affects brain structure. Neuroimaging evidence also supports the notion that language control is a crucial aspect specific to the bilingual language system.
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