Chapter published in:
Heritage Languages: A language contact approachSuzanne Aalberse, Ad Backus and Pieter Muysken
[Studies in Bilingualism 58] 2019
► pp. 111–139
Chapter 6Studying variability in heritage language speaker populations and the base line
Article outline
- 6.1Introduction
- 6.2Establishing the baseline and the problem of monolingual bias
- 6.2.1Standard language grammar
- 6.2.2Exchange students and other recently arrived native speakers
- 6.2.3Transnational research design
- 6.2.4Vary subject populations
- 6.2.5Cross-generational family studies
- 6.2.6Multiple baselines
- 6.2.7Bilingual baselines
- 6.2.8Summary
- 6.3Factors in individual variation in the acquisition perspective: Timing, quality and quantity of the input
- Age of onset of bilingualism
- Time spent in the heritage country during childhood
- Mono- versus multilingual households
- Parental native language
- Parental language strategy and modes of speech
- Parental language use/language mode patterns outside the family
- Caretaker background
- Sibling birth order
- 6.4Speaker characteristics, language use and language output
- Language use patterns
- Domains of use
- Language aptitude
- 6.5Social embedding in the multilingual speech community and the larger society
- Schooling and literacy
- Language prestige and language ideology
- Settlement patterns and immigrant networks
- Superdiversity
- Additive versus subtractive bilingualism
- Social class, gender, age, geographic background, register
- 6.6Identity work, style shift, variation, and change
- 6.7Measuring proficiency and assessing linguistic profiles
- 6.7.1Cloze test
- 6.7.2Fluency measures
- 6.7.3Lexical proficiency tasks
- 6.7.4Sociolinguistic background questionnaires
- 6.8Conclusion