Edited by Gigi Luk, John A.E. Anderson and John G. Grundy
[Studies in Bilingualism 64] 2023
► pp. 301–316
The study of the effects of bilingualism on brain structure has gained significant traction in the last decade, naturally following the pioneering work by Ellen Bialystok and others on the effects of bilingualism on cognition. However, despite the general interest and enthusiasm about the related evidence, the field of bilingualism-induced structural brain plasticity remains young and relatively unexplored. At the same time, this field has been largely limited to young and healthy populations. This chapter revisits and reviews the evidence about bilingualism-induced neuroplasticity and the contemporary theories that provide explanations of the available evidence, with a particular focus on the ageing and patient bilingual brain. Specifically, a full account of the reported effects on healthy ageing bilinguals is provided, followed by the limited findings from diseases that cause progressive brain decline, such as mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s diseases, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis. The chapter concludes with some suggestions for future directions for the field.