Index

• Acceptability Judgment Task42, 172, 187–190, 193–195, 200–201, 236, 249, 251

• Activation30, 31, 39–41, 44, 58–59, 91

• Adaptive Control Hypothesis40

• Adposition205–206, 213–215, 219, 226–227

• Alveolar stop82, 84

• Age of Acquisition57, 66, 130–131, 141

• Analysis of Variance60, 62, 248

• Anaphora20, 23–24

• Arabic17

• A’ Movement175, 189

• Background Questionnaire57, 59, 130, 132, 215–216, 247–248, 251

• Bayesian220

• Behaviorist Framework10

• Bidirectional Influence4

• Brazilian Portuguese51, 100, 244–245

• Bulgarian35–38, 43, 45

• C Domain185–186, 197–198, 200

• Calques160–161

• Cantonese4, 51, 81–82, 86, 88, 96–102, 104, 106–107, 109–110, 113, 130–131

• Catalan157, 163

• Cleft Structures4, 173–174, 180–181, 183, 185–187, 190, 195, 198–201

• Code-switch153, 158, 161, 164–165

• Cognate4, 152, 158, 161–164, 166

• Cognates56

• Common European Framework of Reference57–58, 172, 187

• Competition Model208

• Complementizer Phrase17

• Complex Dynamic System Theory4

• Cordial-Sin Corpus196

• CP Structure16, 18, 20, 201

• Critical period53, 111

• Croatian157, 160, 163

• Cross-linguistic Influence3–5, 10, 29, 31, 43–45, 49, 65, 76, 80–82, 88, 90, 92, 96–101, 103, 110, 113–114, 121–125, 127–129, 134, 137, 139, 141–143, 152–161, 163–166, 183–184, 198, 201, 207, 226–228, 259

• Cross-linguistic similarity52, 65, 85, 205, 209, 214

• Cumulative Enhancement Model9, 18, 123–124, 172, 184–185, 197, 200, 207, 226, 239, 258

• Danish51, 100

• Dative236, 239–242, 249–251, 253, 255–256, 258

• Dialects37, 97, 126, 141, 196, 213, 244

• Differential Object Marking5, 236, 240, 242–246, 250–252, 254–255, 257–258

• Distributed Morphology243

• Dutch50, 54, 210

• EEG228

• End State10, 14

• English3, 4, 16–17, 21–24, 34–38, 41–43, 49–51, 54–66, 81–96–113, 121, 124–137, 139–143, 153, 156–158, 162–163, 172–173, 180–181, 184–190, 194–200, 205, 210–220, 223, 226–227, 236–239, 241–248, 251, 256–258

• Error Analysis8, 21, 24, 159, 205

• Error Reformation8, 21

• European Portuguese4, 172–174, 176, 181–190, 195–200

• Event-related potentials208–209, 228

• Evidential37

• Experiencer228, 236, 239–242, 249, 251, 253, 255–256, 258

• É-que Clefts172–176, 182–183, 185–187, 189–191, 195–201

• F097, 98, 104–105, 107, 181

• Feature Bundle17, 29, 34–36, 44–45

• Feature Reassembly Hypothesis172, 182–183, 185, 196, 198–200

• Feature29, 34–37, 39, 45, 87–89, 99, 101, 109–110, 112, 121, 128–129, 142–143, 172, 175–176, 184–186, 195–196, 198–200

• Features15, 17–18, 20–21, 24–25, 29, 32, 34, 38–39, 43–44, 52–53, 55, 65, 67, 76, 80, 86, 91, 96–98, 179, 182–183, 206, 209, 211, 219, 226–227, 243

• Focus Feature178, 180, 183, 185

• Foreign Accent53, 127

• Form-based Errors159

• Free Relatives16, 18, 21–23

• French35–38, 43, 50, 55, 83–85, 87, 125, 153, 156, 160–163, 210, 212

• Full Transfer Potential4, 30, 76–78, 80–81, 83, 85–92, 239, 246

• Full Transfer/Full Access238

• Full Transfer3, 76–80, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 123, 237

• Functional Categories12, 34, 38, 243

• Fundamental Frequency97

• German3, 21, 23, 24, 38, 44, 49–50, 54–66, 100, 124, 156, 158, 162–163, 209–212

• Government and Binding33

• Grammatical Mapping3, 8, 12–19, 21, 23–25, 44, 201, 207

• Grammaticality205, 208, 214–215, 219, 222–223, 225, 227

• Grammaticality violations205, 210, 222–223

• Hakka130

• Head-final17, 20, 22, 179

• Head-initial17, 20, 22, 179

• Headed Relatives16, 21, 23

• Hungarian21, 23–24, 162

• I-language10, 13, 15, 21–22

• Initial state2, 3, 5, 9–14, 50, 52, 79, 89–90, 123–124, 152, 154, 184, 200, 205, 227, 236–238, 246, 258

• Input9, 11, 16, 24–25, 29, 32–36, 38–39, 41, 43–45, 79, 88, 91, 124, 141–142, 183–184, 198–199, 201, 206, 208, 228, 237–238

• Intake29, 32–33, 36, 45

• Italian5, 163, 236, 238–242, 244–248, 251, 255–258

• Japanese16–17, 21–22

• Kruskal-Wallis Test190–194

• Kurdish4, 205, 213–216, 219–220, 223, 226–227

• L1-Mandarin Chinese172, 183–184, 195, 199

• L2 Acquisition1, 11–15, 19, 21–24, 30–31, 39, 77–79, 99, 121, 152–153, 155, 161, 173, 182–183, 206, 208, 227, 236–239

• L2 Status Factor Model207, 238

• L2 Status Factor183, 185, 197, 200

• L3 Acquisition1, 2, 8, 14–15, 19, 22–23, 30, 33, 36, 41, 49, 52, 66, 76–81, 87–92, 99, 121–124, 152, 154–156, 161, 164, 172–173, 183–187, 197, 199–200, 205, 207–208, 212, 219, 226, 228, 236–238, 257–258

• L3 Phonology3, 76–77, 81, 99

• Language Faculty10–13, 15, 25, 34

• Language Switches156, 158

• Language Tags39, 41

• Lexical Inventions153, 158, 161

• Lexicon4, 52, 80, 155, 157, 159, 161, 182, 185, 188

• Linguistic Proximity Model4, 44, 77, 80, 90, 123–124, 172, 184–185, 197, 200, 207, 226–227, 236, 238–239, 246, 257–259

• Linguistic Representations10, 29–30, 32, 37, 40–41

• LexTALE57–58

• Longitudinal Study31, 124, 143, 164

• Macro-parameter Approach15, 67

• Macro-parameter17, 20, 25

• Mandarin4, 51, 77, 81–82, 85–89, 96–110, 112–113, 121, 126–131, 133–134, 136–137, 139–140, 142–143, 173, 182, 187

• Mandarin Chinese172–173, 177, 179, 181, 185–186, 198

• Maturation1–2

• Meaning-based CLI4, 152, 154, 159–161, 164–165

• MERGE13

• Michigan English Placement Test21

• Micro-cue81, 184

• Minimalist Program182

• Modular Cognition Framework30, 39, 41

• morphosyntax183

• Multilingual Development5, 8, 10, 18, 25, 122, 237

• Multilinguals50, 54, 65, 96–99, 101, 110, 113, 128

• Multilingualism9, 14, 30, 33, 49–50, 52, 55, 63, 65–66, 96–97, 121–122, 124, 126–128, 134, 207, 226

• Multiple Grammars Hypothesis30, 39

• Multiple Grammars Theory17

• Native Language11, 29, 31, 33, 35, 44, 123, 206, 236, 239, 247, 251

• Neuroimaging3, 31

• Neurolinguistics29–30, 41, 44

• Neurological31

• Non-cognate162

• Norwegian41–43

• Occam’s Razor31

• Open Science Framework58

• Order of Acquisition3, 5, 17, 49–50, 55–56, 60–67, 173, 184–185, 208

• Oxford Placement test216

• Paradigm3, 8, 10, 12, 15, 17–19, 24–25, 30, 112, 201

• Parameters20, 25, 33–34, 220–221, 224–225

• Passive30, 238, 241, 242, 249–252, 256, 258

• Passives254

• Pearson’s r59

• Perception51, 67, 77, 81, 85, 100, 125, 129, 183, 191

• Persian44

• phonological feature64

• Phonological Permeability Hypothesis51, 55, 63–64, 100, 111

• Pitch4, 96–113

• Polish51, 100

• post critical region223

• Praat59, 103–104, 133

• Pragmatics191, 196, 198–199

• Preposition4, 205, 213–215, 217–219, 222–223, 225–227, 240–242, 250, 256

• prevoicing126, 136–137, 141–143

• PRO24

• Production51, 53, 65

• Processing13, 15, 20, 30–31, 33, 38–41, 50, 205, 208–215, 218–219, 222–223, 225–228

• Progressive Cross-linguistic Influence96, 97, 101, 110, 113–114, 121–122, 126, 129, 134, 136–137, 139, 143

• Pronoun Anaphora24

• pronunciation99

• Property-by-property Transfer88, 236–237, 246, 257, 259

• Property-by-property81, 121, 123–124, 143, 184, 207, 236

• Prosody97–98, 180

• Pseudocleft172–174, 176–177, 179, 181–183, 185, 187–188, 190, 193–195, 197–201

• Psych Verbs236, 238–242, 245–246, 249–251, 253–254, 256–258

• PsychoPy131

• Qualtrics58–59, 248, 250–251

• R Core Team251

• Reaction times218, 219–220, 225

• Regression220–221

• Regressive Cross-linguistic Influence49, 50–56, 60–67, 96–97, 100, 110, 121–122, 126, 134, 136–137, 139, 142–143

• Regressive transfer137

• Romanian162

• Russian21, 41, 42, 140, 206, 210, 212

• Scalpel Model43, 44, 80, 124, 172, 184–185, 197, 200, 227

• Segmental features51–52, 100

• Selective Transfer123

• Self-paced Reading4, 205, 209–211, 217–219, 226, 228

• Semantics21, 23, 153–154, 157, 159–161, 165, 196

• Similarity Convergence Hypothesis3, 49–50, 65–66, 100

• Small Clause176, 179, 182–183, 187, 197

• Spanish3, 4, 5, 16, 21, 22, 49–51, 54–66, 77, 81, 83–84, 87, 90, 100, 121, 125–134, 136–137, 139–143, 157, 160, 163, 165, 206, 212, 236–239, 242–247, 251, 256–258

• Specific Language Grammar2–3, 8, 12, 14

• Speech Learning Model51, 141

• Speech Rhythm3, 49–50, 53–56, 63, 65–66

• Standard Cleft172–176, 181–183, 185–189, 191–192, 195–201

• Stress-timed49, 53–56, 61, 63–64, 98–99

• Strong Continuity Hypothesis1, 13

• Structural Priming Paradigm30

• Structure-dependence3, 8, 12–15, 17–19, 24

• SUBTLEX-US217

• Suprasegmental features51, 53, 100, 114

• Swedish38, 124, 156, 158, 160–163

• Syllable duration96, 98–99, 101–103, 106, 108, 112, 114

• Syllable-timed49, 53- 56, 61, 63–64, 98

• Syntax3, 10, 19, 23, 30, 79–80, 123, 154, 185, 191, 197, 240, 242–243

• Tense Aspect Modality178

• Tense/Mood174

• Tense34, 206, 208, 210

• Thai tone77, 81

• Theme240–241

• Topicalization43

• Tone81, 85, 96, 98–99, 101, 106, 108, 112–114

• Tones82, 85, 87, 91, 102–103, 105

• Transfer77–82, 86–92, 205, 207–209, 212, 215, 219, 226–228

• Transitive Verbs189, 241, 249–251

• Trilinguals41–43, 49–51, 56–57, 59–65, 83, 205, 214–216, 218–220, 222–223, 225, 227

• Turkish4, 205, 213–217, 219, 220, 227

• Typological Primacy Model5, 9, 50, 52, 55–56, 63, 65–66, 77, 80, 89, 124, 172, 183–185, 197, 200, 237–238, 246, 257

• Typology83, 86, 88, 90–91, 164, 166

• Universal Grammar1, 5, 8, 11–20, 23–25, 32–34, 45, 77, 79, 81, 154, 182, 185

• Verb Movement34, 36–37, 43

• VarcoV49, 54–55, 59–63, 65, 100

• Velar stop84

• Verb-aspect209

• Violation222–223, 225

• Voice Onset Time4, 50, 51, 77, 81, 83–84, 87, 89–91, 121, 125–131, 133–134, 136–137, 139–143

• Voiceless Stops4, 83–85, 121, 126–129, 131, 136–137, 140, 142–143

• Voicing4, 126, 128–129, 133, 140, 143

• Vowels51, 53–54, 98–100, 102, 105, 125, 131, 133

• Wholesale Transfer123–124, 183–184, 237–239, 246, 257

• Word Construction Attempts158

• Working Memory39, 40, 210

• Yoruba tone77, 81, 85–87, 89