Index

• accusative caseSee under case, morphological/inflectional

• acquisition
  • first-language,13–14, 404–5, 413, 429–30
  • second-language,429

• actualization,186

• AddresseeSee under semantic role

• adjectives
  • ditransitive,84–85
  • resultative,84–85

• adverbial particles,206

• Afrikaans,81

• AgentSee under semantic role

• Aligned-Hansard corpus,409

• alignment of direct and indirect objectSee under object

• allative preposition,3

• alliteration,94–95, 105

• alternation
  • benefactive alternation,195–96, 198, 202–3, 217, 409, 430
  • dative alternation,3, 5–14, 19–56, 58–59, 76, 155, 195–97, 202, 205, 209, 217, 226–95, 297, 323, 325–31, 333–64, 368–69, 397, 404–8, 412, 420–21, 430–31
  • genitive alternation,231
  • passive alternation,158

• analogy,62, 190

• analyticity,19, 55, 76

• animacySee under language-internal variables

• animate-before-inanimate preference,420

• archaism,177–78

• ARCHER-corpus,409

• auxiliaries,158, 273, 330, 349–50

• Bantu languages,410

• Bayesian analysis,276, 278–79, 288

• benefactionSee under semantic verb classes

• benefactive alternationSee under alternation

• BeneficiarySee under semantic role

• bilingualism/bilingual speakers,56–57, 63–64, 74–75, 271, 321

• BNC (British National Corpus),195, 197–98, 214, 218, 222, 392, 402

• borrowability,57

• case, morphological/inflectional,25, 29, 54, 62, 80, 89, 110, 119, 122, 161, 163, 166, 302–4, 308
  • accusative,3, 21, 24, 30, 67, 70, 84, 87–90, 161, 265, 274, 303–6, 313
  • common case,66–67, 71–72
  • dative,3, 21, 30, 58–59, 66, 70, 72, 87–88, 265
  • genitive,24, 87–88, 303, 305–6, 313
  • loss of,10–11, 19, 21–22, 24, 26, 28–30, 35–36, 42, 47, 49–50, 61, 76, 91, 110
  • nominative,24, 87, 161, 303–4, 313
  • syncretism of,24, 41, 87, 91

• ‘caused motion’ meaning,75, 266–67, 301, 316–17, 407

• ‘caused possession’ meaning,266–67, 301, 304, 307, 316–17, 407

• child-directed speech,409, 429

• CHILDES corpus,409–10

• child language,409, 420, 432, 434–35

• classification models,334, 351–52

• clauses
  • declarative,167, 172
  • imperative,171, 182, 184–85, 372
  • interrogative,172
  • relative,362

• cluster analysis,210–11, 216

• coercion,186

• Cognitive Sociolinguistics,244–45

• communication verbsSee under semantic verb classes

• complexity,13, 38, 80–81, 100–101, 109, 301, 329–38, 344, 349, 353–58, 360
  • of larger linguistic environments,325, 355, 357–60

• Complexity Principle,325, 328, 330–31, 336–38, 348–49, 352, 354, 356–58, 360, 363

• conditional inference trees,207, 211, 351

• constituent orderSee word order

• constructional change,116–17, 141

• constructionalization,194

• Construction Grammar,115, 157, 186

• constructions
  • affactive construction,173
  • Alternative Double Object construction,7, 12, 36, 51–55, 79, 195–96, 198, 200, 202–3, 208, 211–12, 217, 220, 222, 292, 329, 402
  • à-PP construction,65, 69–70, 72
  • benefactive construction (or: benefactive-ditransitive construction),9, 85, 144, 156, 302, 307–8, 312, 315–22
  • Double Object construction (DOC),2–5, 10–12, 15–16, 18, 20–28, 36–37, 40–42, 47, 49, 51–52, 54–55, 59, 61–62, 74–75, 96, 112, 115–49, 192, 195–98, 200, 202–10, 212, 214, 217–20, 222, 265–67, 292–94, 299–305, 308–10, 312–26, 330, 334–42, 344, 352–53, 357–59, 367–68, 370, 404, 406–9, 414–15, 419, 423–25, 428–30, 433
  • French indirect object construction,64–65, 74
  • get-constructions,401
  • indirect/indirective alignment constructions,3, 155
  • Indirect Object construction (IOC),11–12, 65, 74, 150–53, 158–59, 164, 176, 191–92, 222, 264–70, 273–76, 278–88, 290–91
  • intransitive constructions,63, 153, 282
  • light verb constructions,14, 84–85, 95, 103, 105, 202, 365, 373, 382–84, 387, 390–95, 400–401
  • monotransitive constructions,150, 156, 163, 176–77, 180, 182, 191, 311, 411
  • passive construction,158, 180, 190, 199, 370
  • periphrastic auxiliary construction,162
  • Prepositional Object construction (POC),9, 12, 15, 20, 42, 59–65, 72, 74–76, 213–14, 226–27, 229, 232, 234–36, 238–39, 241–43, 264–70, 273–91, 299–300, 302–3, 308, 310, 316, 320–22, 325, 328, 330–31, 334, 336, 340–42, 344–45, 347–49, 352–54, 357–60, 365–68, 372, 377, 395, 398, 409–10
  • presentative construction,178
  • reflexive constructions,150, 153, 169, 175–80, 189, 310
  • secundative alignment constructions,7, 155
  • verb-class-specific constructions,120

• contrastive focus,81, 98–101, 103, 107

• correspondence, frame-to-meaning,304, 320

• co-text,387, 390, 397

• cue reliability,38

• Danish,2–3, 9–11, 116, 150–54, 156–59, 162–65, 167–68, 175–76, 178–80, 187–89, 191, 302, 307–8, 310–11, 319–21
  • American heritage Danish,171
  • Argentinian heritage Danish,171

• dative alternationSee under alternation

• dative caseSee under case, morphological/inflectional

• dative verbsSee under verbs

• definitenessSee under language-internal variables

• directionality (of causation),8, 19–21, 36, 49

• direct objectSee under object

• discourse-givennessSee under language-internal variables

• dispossessionSee under semantic verb classes

• ditransitive verbsSee under verbs

• Domain Minimization Principle,356, 358

• Double Object construction (DOC)See under constructions

• Dutch,2–3, 7–9, 12–14, 29, 80, 89, 96, 115–16, 119, 121, 128–29, 141, 143–44, 146, 220, 301, 325–26, 333–50, 352–56, 358–61

• Easy First-principle,330, 334, 344, 354, 356, 360See also given-before-new principle, short-before-long principle

• economy,10, 38, 40–42, 44, 48, 62, 222

• EGT (Evolutionary Game Theory),8, 10, 19, 21–22, 30–35, 37, 45, 49–50, 54–55

• EIC-Principle (Early Immediate Constituents),407, 428

• end-weight, principle of,203, 331, 340, 352, 354, 368–69, 398, 408

• English,2–31, 33–50, 56–76, 80–81, 89, 96, 106, 115–19, 121, 124–25, 128–29, 131–32, 138, 141, 143–44, 146, 152, 155–57, 159, 165, 169, 177, 192, 195–245, 264–68, 270, 291, 296–98, 301–2, 311, 316, 319–22, 325–26, 328–30, 333–47, 351–60, 365–73, 375–401, 404–32, 435, 439
  • African American Vernacular English,227, 409
  • American English,15, 222, 246, 292, 294, 359, 364, 370, 401, 409, 432
  • Australian English,359, 370
  • British English,4, 8, 12, 52, 195–225, 227, 229, 235, 239, 292, 333, 370, 409
  • Canadian English,220, 227, 229, 239, 409
  • Hong Kong English,229, 235–40, 245
  • Indian English,8, 227, 229, 231, 235–36, 238–39, 241, 409
  • Irish English,229, 231, 235–36, 238, 241, 246, 251–63, 403
  • Jamaican English,17, 229, 231, 235–41, 244–45, 248
  • Late Modern English,17–18, 20, 27, 55, 149, 224–25, 249, 363–64, 435
  • Middle English,18–20, 22–24, 26–27, 30, 42, 50–53, 55–57, 59–79, 149
    • early Middle English,21–22, 36, 39, 41, 47, 53, 55
    • late Middle English,24, 27, 36, 39, 47
  • New Zealand English,8, 220–21, 227, 229, 238, 241, 370, 409, 413
  • Old English,15, 20–27, 30, 36–37, 39, 41–45, 47, 50–53, 55–56, 58–60, 66–67, 70–72, 76–77, 106, 219
  • Philippine English,229, 241
  • Singapore English,220, 229, 231
  • World Englishes,12, 226–46

• erosion, phonological,29

• ExperiencerSee under semantic role

• experiments, act-out,407, 422–23

• explicitness, grammatical,10, 40, 48, 62, 328

• extension
  • constructional extension,150, 155–57
    • ad hoc constructional extension,164
  • metaphorical,75

• Faroese,13–14, 116, 176, 266, 299–324, 340, 369, 371

• Finnish,148

• French,24, 56–58, 60, 62–66, 68–70, 72–77, 79–80, 152
  • Anglo-French,58, 63–64, 66, 69, 72–73, 75–76, 78–79
  • Old French,11, 57, 70, 83, 92

• frequency
  • text frequency,115–16, 142–43, 145–46
  • token frequency,38, 115, 125, 133–34, 138, 140–43, 145–46, 378
  • type frequency,11, 115–16, 125, 138, 140–43, 145–46
  • type-to-token ratio,116, 140, 142

• genitive caseSee under case, morphological/inflectional

• geographic proximity,219–20

• German,2–3, 5, 7–11, 13–15, 18, 21, 78, 80–113, 158–59, 163, 166, 180, 188, 196, 264–98, 340, 369, 402, 406
  • Central German,88–89
  • Early New High German,81–83
  • High Alemannic,88, 90
  • Middle High German,81–83
  • Modern Standard German,58, 80–81, 84, 87, 96, 100, 107, 300
  • New High German,82–83, 86
  • Old High German,81–83, 85–86, 94–95, 105, 107
  • Upper German,90
  • Upper Saxonian,89

• Gesetz der wachsenden Glieder,99, 109See also Easy-first principle, given-before-new principle, short-before-long principle

• given-before-new principle,204, 341, 368–69, 398, 434See also Easy-first principle, short-before-long principle

• givennessSee discourse-givenness

• giving verbsSee under semantic verb classes, verbs of transfer of possession

• grammaticalization,41, 190–91

• heavy-NP-shift,196, 199, 409, 430

• ICE family of corpora,227–29, 231, 326, 332–33, 370

• Icelandic,8, 29, 81, 116, 119, 121, 301–8, 310, 316, 319–21, 371

• idioms,86, 110, 171

• inclusiveness,29, 99

• indexicality,150–93

• indirect affectedness,119, 144, 146

• indirect objectSee under object

• Indirect object constructionSee under constructions

• Insular Scandinavian,13, 302–3, 322

• inversion,80–81, 84–86, 95–96, 100, 324

• Kolhapur corpus,409

• LANCHART corpus,151, 168, 171–72, 183, 187

• language channel,328

• language contact,11, 20, 24, 26, 29, 53, 56–58, 62–66, 74–79, 210, 219

• language-internal variables
  • animacy,12, 15, 23, 28, 80–81, 85, 98–100, 103, 108, 195, 197, 205–6, 211, 213–15, 219, 222, 227, 229, 231, 239–44, 246, 250–51, 253, 255, 257–62, 267–68, 270–71, 278, 280–81, 286–87, 289–93, 318, 340, 347, 352–53, 366, 379–82, 385, 395, 397, 399, 401, 404–6, 408, 410–14, 417–19, 421–34, 438
  • concreteness,268, 281, 369, 380
  • definiteness,12, 80–81, 99–101, 106–7, 110, 204, 227, 229–31, 239–44, 251–53, 255, 257–59, 261, 263, 267–68, 280–82, 318, 340, 345–46, 352–55, 429
  • discourse-givenness,6, 12, 28, 97–98, 100–101, 104–5, 110, 227, 229–30, 235, 238–43, 250–51, 253, 255, 257–62, 267, 318, 341, 353, 408–9
  • grammatical gender,88–89
  • grammatical number,3, 85, 88–89, 100, 109, 138, 268, 406, 412, 419, 421–23, 425–27
  • grammatical person,85, 408, 429
  • heaviness,196–97, 267, 301, 310, 312, 315, 319–20
  • length,11, 13, 35, 123, 196, 203–4, 213, 227, 229–30, 234, 236, 243–44, 299–300, 315–16, 318, 331, 340, 344, 354, 357, 359, 371–72, 397, 399, 404–16, 419, 421–22, 429–30, 437
  • lexical complexity,14, 325–63
  • newness,101, 104, 106
  • pronominality,28, 195, 197, 204, 206–8, 211–15, 217–19, 221, 227, 230, 234–37, 239–41, 243–44, 250–51, 253, 255, 257–59, 261–62, 267–68, 310, 340, 342–43, 352–55, 358–59, 372, 396, 408–9, 429
  • salience (distance to last mention),100–101, 103–4, 106–7, 110
  • shortness,405, 409
  • topicality/topic-worthiness,28, 37, 48, 204
  • voice,268
  • weight (phonological),28, 204, 214, 267, 340–41, 360

• language variation and change,8–9, 14, 33–34, 49, 76, 196–97, 218, 311

• Latin,59, 76, 83, 93–94, 105–6, 166

• lengthSee under language-internal variables

• level of formality,240

• lexicalization,141

• logistic regression model,13, 100–101, 103, 107, 197, 207, 246, 350, 417–18, 420, 434

• Low German,61, 82, 89, 91–92, 114
  • Middle Low German,82–83, 85–86, 91–92, 94
  • New Low German,104
  • Old Saxon,82

• Mainland Scandinavian,158, 303

• malefactionSee under semantic verb classes

• manner-of-speakingSee under semantic verb classes

• metonymy,182, 205, 373

• Minimality Processing Principle,358

• Minimax principle,38

• modulation (as a translation strategy),388

• monosemy,266, 287

• Multidimensional Scaling,216, 221, 223

• nominative caseSee under case, morphological/inflectional

• Norman Conquest,63–64

• NORM speakers,198, 206

• Norwegian,14, 176, 179–80, 302, 310, 365–73, 375–403
  • Bokmal,176

• object
  • alignment of direct and indirect object,4, 10–12, 17, 21–22, 26–28, 30, 37–38, 42, 47, 50, 61, 80–81, 83–88, 90–101, 103–10, 114, 189, 196, 219, 265, 290, 369–70, 376, 397, 409–10, 413, 415, 419, 422, 424, 430–31
    • variability of object alignment,37, 81, 85–87, 90–91, 93, 103–4, 106–10
  • direct object,7, 24, 61, 67–68, 70–73, 75, 80, 117, 123–26, 129–33, 136–38, 145–46, 163, 180–81, 264, 303–6, 313, 316, 321, 329, 369–70, 372, 374–75, 382, 391–92
  • indirect object,4, 8, 11–12, 20–21, 56, 58, 61–65, 69–72, 74–76, 80, 117–18, 122–24, 129, 132–33, 135–37, 150–53, 155, 158–59, 163–64, 167, 169–70, 176–77, 179–80, 191, 264–65, 278, 299–303, 305, 307, 310, 315–16, 319, 321–22, 369–70, 388, 400
    • free indirect object,11–12, 150–51, 153, 157–59, 163–69, 172, 174–75, 177, 181, 186–91
    • reflexive indirect object,169, 310
  • object-before-particle ordering,430

• Old Norse,219, 321

• Old SaxonSee under Low German

• ONZE corpus,409

• particle,172, 206, 211, 214–15, 219, 268, 274, 288, 348

• particle verbsSee under verbs

• passiveSee under constructions

• passivization properties,4

• PatientSee under semantic role

• payoffs for player/strategy pairs,33, 35, 38, 41, 43

• polysemy,156, 266, 268, 287

• predicate, complex,85

• prefixes, allative,137

• prepositional-dative constructionSee under constructions, Prepositional Object construction (POC)

• Prepositional Object construction (POC)See under constructions

• primingSee structural persistence

• probabilistic grammars,195, 220–21, 226–28, 235, 238, 243–45, 325, 356

• processing costs,327, 331–32, 348, 356–57

• productivity,7, 11, 117, 142–43, 145–46, 150, 185, 332

• pronominalitySee under language-internal variables

• prosody,80, 268

• Proto-Germanic,116

• psych verbsSee under semantic verb classes

• pure benefaction,119, 122, 133

• random effects,100, 233, 239–41

• random forests,197, 207–10, 213–14, 216–18, 220–21, 224, 350, 364

• reaction times,331–33, 336, 339

• real/apparent time difference,221

• reanalysis,77, 185, 190–91

• RecipientSee under semantic role

• resource-limitation model,327–28, 333

• rhyme pressure,96

• rhyme scheme,82, 95–96, 105

• rock-paper-scissors game,31–33, 55

• salience of case marking,30, 39–40, 48–49

• semantic range,11, 15, 115, 118, 120, 126, 146–47

• semantic role
  • (monotransitive) Patient,3, 17, 24, 63, 98, 161, 372, 411
  • (spatial) Goal/Location,3, 23, 333, 429
  • Addressee (or Recipient-of-information),4–5, 66, 172–73, 182, 188, 289
  • Afficiary,159, 165–67, 173, 177, 179–80, 189
  • Agent,2–5, 24, 65, 98, 122, 126, 133, 136, 151, 161, 173–74, 264, 270–71, 273–74, 280–82, 285, 287, 295, 366, 372–76, 379–82, 384–86, 399, 411
  • Beneficiary,4, 122, 159, 161, 173, 333, 410
  • Experiencer,66–70, 294
  • Maleficiary,159, 173
  • Possessor,7
  • Recipient,2–7, 11–13, 20–21, 23–28, 36–37, 41–42, 44, 47–48, 56, 58–61, 63, 65–66, 70–73, 76, 85, 98, 117, 122, 124, 127, 134, 151–57, 159, 163–67, 170, 175–77, 179–80, 182, 184–86, 188–90, 196–98, 203–8, 210–11, 213–15, 217–19, 227, 229–31, 234–37, 239–44, 264–68, 270–71, 273–74, 278–82, 285–90, 295, 303, 326, 329–32, 334–35, 337–38, 340–47, 349–50, 352–59, 365–66, 370, 372–76, 379–82, 385, 388, 390–91, 395–401, 406–7, 409–10, 412–15, 417–19, 422–29
    • Recipient as subject,401
    • Recipient in accusative case,24, 274
  • Source of possession,4–5, 305
  • Stimulus,70, 76, 373, 380
  • Theme,2–3, 5, 7, 13, 20–21, 26, 36–37, 42, 156, 188, 196, 203–5, 213, 217, 227, 229–31, 236, 239, 264, 273–74, 280, 282, 285–87, 295, 331–32, 334–35, 337–38, 340, 342–46, 349–50, 352–54, 356, 359, 372, 374–76, 391, 396–98, 400, 407, 409, 412, 414–15, 417–19, 422, 429

• semantic verb classes
  • experiencer verbs,68
  • psych-verbs,11, 56, 58, 65–67, 69, 71, 74–75, 77
  • verbs of attitude,115, 118, 135, 141, 146
  • verbs of ballistic motion,5, 119, 121, 137, 144–45
  • verbs of benefaction,115, 119, 122, 133–35, 140–41, 143–44, 146, 197, 202, 318
    • verbs of pure benefaction,119, 122, 133
  • verbs of caused motion,13, 23, 75, 316, 407
  • verbs of change of state/position,57
  • verbs of communication/verbs of transfer of information,4, 23, 56, 58, 65–66, 70–72, 74–76, 115, 118–21, 130–32, 137, 139–40, 143, 145–46, 182, 188, 202, 232, 300–301, 309, 312, 315, 317–20, 381
  • verbs of continuous causation in a deictically specified direction,126
  • verbs of creation/verbs of production,4, 115, 118–19, 121–22, 132–34, 139–40, 146, 157, 166, 168–69, 175, 179–80, 186–87, 189–90, 309–10
  • verbs of dispossession/verbs of deprivation/verbs of stealing,4, 7, 23, 25, 115, 119, 121, 128, 138–39, 141, 146
  • verbs of future/intended/prospective possession,59, 127, 317–18
  • verbs of hindrance,129, 135, 141
  • verbs of malefaction,11, 115, 119, 121–22, 133–34, 139–41, 143–44, 146
  • verbs of manner-of-speaking,131, 267
  • verbs of obtainment,157, 163–64, 166, 168–70, 172–73, 175, 179–81, 184–87, 189–90
  • verbs of permission,126
  • verbs of refusal,121, 129, 423
  • verbs of sending,4, 300–301, 309, 312, 315, 317–19
  • verbs of transaction,110
  • verbs of transfer of possession/verbs of change of possession/verbs of giving,3–4, 7, 15, 23, 25, 56–60, 62, 64–66, 69–70, 74, 81, 115, 118–21, 125–26, 136, 138–39, 141, 144, 146, 157, 159, 180–81, 291, 300, 309, 365, 376

• semiotics,167, 189

• semiotic shift,189–90

• Sesotho,410

• short-before-long principle,422See also Easy First-principle, given-before-new principle

• social variables
  • (level of) education,245, 283
  • age,2, 4, 14, 64, 198, 243, 245, 271–72, 283, 300, 309, 311–12, 320, 327, 373, 404, 406, 411, 413, 416–21, 424–27, 429–30
  • gender/sex,7, 198, 243–45, 271–72, 311–12
  • speaker class,63, 74, 205, 400

• Source language (SL),58, 64, 66, 69, 71, 74–75, 395

• SOV orderSee under word order

• specialization (semantic process),15, 51, 115–16, 119, 141, 143–44, 146–47, 159, 192

• speech acts,150, 152, 168, 175, 183–84, 189–90, 194
  • commissive,152, 156, 172, 174
  • constitutive,190
  • conventionalised indirect,184
  • directive,156, 172, 185
    • reported directive,173
  • indirect regulative,172
  • regulative,12, 150, 152–53, 156, 160, 167–68, 174, 183, 185, 190

• Spoken Dutch Corpus,333, 363

• stave rhyme,83

• structural persistence,7, 232, 235, 247, 273, 282, 409

• subject,40, 116–17, 124, 137–38, 152–53, 159, 163–64, 172–74, 176–78, 180–81, 188–90, 194, 204, 220, 231, 265, 303, 307, 313, 365, 369–70, 373–74, 376, 388, 390, 400, 402
  • non-agentive,373, 376, 379–80, 385–86

• SVO orderSee under word order

• Swedish,10–11, 115–18, 121–23, 125–27, 130, 132–33, 139–40, 142–46, 157, 169, 176, 302, 392, 394
  • Late Modern Swedish,115, 122
  • Old Swedish,122

• Switchboard corpus,267, 409

• symbolic function,153, 166–67, 176–77

• Target language (TL),64–65, 365–66, 387, 395

• task
  • acceptability judgment/grammaticality judgment,266–67, 269–70, 280–81, 287–91
  • lexical decision,327
  • sentence completion,14, 267, 269–71, 278, 287–91

• tense,85, 174

• ThemeSee under semantic role

• transfer
  • abstract,84–85
  • intended,156, 165, 202

• transfer of possession/change of possession,4, 60, 86, 117, 119, 146, 156, 231, 289, 300, 317–18, 321, 325, 408

• transitivity,63

• translation strategies,387, 390, 394–95, 400

• ungrammaticality,86, 99, 320

• VADIS-method,209, 213, 215, 219

• valence,150–52, 155, 157–58, 160–61, 163–64, 166, 170, 175, 180–81, 189–91

• variation/variabilility, lectal variation,8, 147, 244–45

• variation/variability
  • mode-dependent variation,239–40
  • regional variation,8, 195, 209, 213, 220–21, 226, 233–35, 238–39, 242, 244, 370
  • register variation,246, 248

• verb biases,12, 264, 266–67, 269–70, 279, 287, 408, 414, 419, 428

• verbs
  • (mono)transitive verbs,24, 63, 165, 306
  • basic-level,365
  • copula,85
  • dative verbs,64, 200, 229, 233, 242–43, 279, 286
  • ditransitive verbs,2, 5–6, 9, 11, 21–22, 24, 29, 36, 49, 84, 86, 101, 103, 110, 117–18, 135, 170, 182, 195, 198, 206, 264, 266, 269–70, 278, 280, 285, 287, 291, 303, 309, 311
    • prototypical,47, 313, 368
  • English loan verbs from French,57, 59, 68, 72
  • English native verbs,11, 57, 59, 62–63, 65–66, 68, 71–72, 75
  • particle verbs,268, 287, 334, 348, 430

• verb-sensitive approach,267–68, 320

• word order,6, 17, 19, 22, 26, 28–30, 35–36, 39–40, 42, 47–50, 85, 98, 113, 153, 162, 217, 230–31, 282, 290–91, 357, 360, 409, 412, 431
  • (S)OV order,55
  • (S)VO order,20, 55
  • clause-late position,36–37, 48–49
  • extraposition,100–102, 350
  • fixation of constituent order,19, 21–22, 26, 28, 35–36, 40, 47, 50
  • MiddleField/Mittelfeld,80, 349
  • Nachfeld,100–101
  • verb position,340, 347, 350, 354
    • head-final verb phrase,347–48

• World Atlas of Linguistic Structures (WALS),63, 79