Index of Subjects and Terms
A
- abstract
73, 97, 195, 266, 342, 350–352, 354
- concepts
2, 5, 73, 79, 122, 123, 170, 201, 238, 240–241, 246, 248, 249, 255–269, 272, 281–284, 297, 333–334, 339, 345, 350–355
- terms
63, 97, 98, 106, 153, 161, 169, 183, 187, 235, 236, 239, 244–245, 247, 253, 254–266, 269, 270, 272, 281–282, 284, 289, 297, 333, 338–339, 350–355
- adjectives
50, 56, 62, 182, 204, 233, 306, 308
- adposition
62, 82, 83, 127
- affix
48, 52, 55, 57, 59, 68, 71–72, 80, 126, 204, 289
See also classificatory affix
- affixation
59, 289, 315–316
- agglutinating languages
50, 231, 237, 259
- agreement
62, 64, 68–69, 72, 78, 127, 192, 196, 198, 199–200, 203, 204, 215–216, 331, 348
- alcoholism
24, 27, 34, 337, 339
- Algonquians
4, 15, 97, 188, 204–205, 215, 217, 273, 325, 337, 338, 349
- ‘alternating’ sounds
155, 157–159
- American Anthropological Association
113, 159
- American Association for the Advancement of Science
107, 111
- American Ethnological Society
107
- American Folklore Society
282
- American Oriental Society
107
- American Philosophical Society
103, 104, 157
- Americanist tradition
2, 87–88, 102, 109, 111–113, 129, 279, 320, 350
- analytic languages
36, 104, 251, 352
- animacy
53, 60–62, 65, 68, 71, 72, 74, 75, 78, 82, 175, 179–180, 185, 189, 191, 193, 197, 201, 202, 207, 211, 212, 218–220, 221, 337, 341, 343
- animate
7, 62–65, 76, 78–83, 97, 174–179, 181–183, 185–186, 188–191, 194–222, 233, 242–244, 251, 254, 260, 282, 286, 324, 343
- gender
7, 61, 63–64, 67, 93, 175–177, 180, 181, 185–186, 190–191, 194, 196, 197–201, 204–208, 210, 212–213, 215–216, 220–221, 332
- Anthropological Society of Washington
107
- Arctic
8, 10, 12, 47, 109, 119–120, 141, 276–278, 293, 300, 304, 310, 315, 319, 327, 330
- arrangement as a semantic parameter
72, 75, 77, 78, 82
- articles
48–49, 62, 82–83, 127
- aspiration
40, 43, 45, 95, 140, 147, 157, 165
- Aztecs
115, 267, 319, 340
B
- Baffin Island
89, 109–110, 238, 277–279, 289, 311–314, 329
- base
52, 53, 55, 80–81, 199, 251, 252, 315–316
- bilabial
40, 42, 43–46, 150, 152, 168
See also labial
- bilingualism
11, 59, 219, 349
See also multilingualism
- boarding schools
30–34, 122, 253
- body-part terms
57, 59, 65, 73, 211
- borrowing
11, 43, 44, 50, 62, 90, 93, 127, 150, 177, 178, 201, 209, 221
- British Association for the Advancement of Science
121
- British tradition
87–88, 99
- Bureau of American Ethnology
107, 110, 112
- Bureau of Ethnology
107, 109, 110, 112, 263, 277
C
- California
10–11, 59, 61, 69
- Carlisle Indian Industrial School
30–33
- case
48, 54, 58, 127, 182
- Cherokees
19, 28–29, 36, 45, 122, 165, 226, 227, 238, 244, 248, 250, 253, 260, 265–266, 268, 272–273, 325, 333, 334
-
Cherokee Messenger
106, 235
-
Cherokee Phoenix
106, 232
- Church Missionary Society
111, 135
- classificatory affix
69, 72–74
- classificatory numerals
69–71, 111
- classificatory verbs
2, 6, 36, 59, 60, 68, 69, 70, 71, 74–81, 82, 173, 176, 233–234, 236, 250–252, 260, 264–265, 286, 290, 324, 327, 331, 341, 348, 351
See also verbs for washing
- classifiers
38, 60–61, 67–84, 195, 252, 342
- numeral
35, 68, 69–71, 111, 125, 195, 218, 303
- click
42, 131, 145, 150–151, 162, 163–164, 168–169, 240, 339, 343
- colour terms
125, 200–201, 285
- complexification
11, 34, 35, 127
- complexity
1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 34–36, 38, 41, 46, 47–50, 52, 53, 54, 57, 59, 65, 80, 84, 85, 97, 104, 107, 111, 114, 123–128, 131–132, 140, 150, 151, 161, 162, 163–164, 168–170, 183, 212, 225, 230, 231–232, 235, 236, 240, 244, 250, 251, 252, 254, 257, 265, 272, 283, 285, 289, 294, 295, 300, 303, 304, 306, 307–308, 311, 315–316, 321, 323, 327, 328, 330, 334, 344, 345–350, 351, 353, 355
- lexical
126, 294, 295, 300, 303, 304, 306, 307, 311, 321, 328, 333–334, 345–346, 350–351
- morphosyntactic
34–36, 48, 50, 57, 59, 125–128, 151, 162, 170, 236, 250, 254, 265, 307, 321, 328, 330–331, 346, 348, 350, 351
- phonological
11, 35, 38, 41, 126, 128, 131–132, 150, 161–164, 168–170, 236, 240, 327, 348–349
- phonotactic
38, 41, 46, 140, 152, 170, 257, 339, 351
- compound
50, 58, 63, 82, 96, 199, 319, 346, 353
- compounding
56–59, 100, 104, 128, 267, 315–316
- concrete
78, 79, 97, 221, 266, 350, 354
- features
8, 250, 259, 260, 261, 264, 266, 267, 281, 298, 323, 345, 350–355
- terms
58, 63, 248, 254–257, 297, 350
- consistency as a semantic parameter
71, 72, 73, 74, 75
- consonant
11, 38–46, 133–135, 137, 139–142, 144, 145–146, 149–150, 155–157, 164, 166, 167–170, 259, 272, 349, 351
- cluster
44, 46, 139, 144, 166
- inventory
2, 7, 35, 38–44, 46, 125–126, 128, 131–145, 150, 161, 164, 167–170, 327, 338, 345, 349
See also phonetic inventory
- constitution as a semantic parameter
72, 75
- contact language
15–16, 22, 90
See also mixed language
- core arguments
47, 48, 49, 51, 62, 73–74, 125, 190
D
- Damara
121–122, 268, 270, 333–334
- deictic classifiers See classifiers, deictic
- demonstratives
62, 64, 82–84, 127, 218
- derivation
54, 63, 128, 194, 217, 279–280, 306, 315
- dictionaries
5, 43, 89, 93, 95, 97–100, 102, 105, 109–110, 112, 118, 122, 136–138, 151–152, 174, 180, 181, 226, 228, 276, 277–278, 289–290, 299, 305, 311, 316, 326, 329, 330
- dimensionality as a semantic parameter
61, 70, 71, 72, 73
- direct-inverse systems
47, 190, 342, 356
- disease
24–27, 34, 93, 269, 337
See also epidemics
E
- ejective
41, 42, 43, 156, 168
- epidemics
18, 24, 25–27, 169
See also disease
- ergative
53, 109, 326, 342
- ergative-absolutive systems
47, 190, 342, 356
- ‘Eskimo words for snow’ See snow, terms for
- ethnic cleansing
124, 269
- evidentiality
37, 82, 127, 287–288, 290, 338, 356
- ‘exotic’
2–5, 89, 116, 131, 132, 139, 143, 144, 160, 164, 166, 169, 173, 178, 217, 229, 245, 247, 254, 265, 268, 275, 300, 306, 321, 323, 329, 335, 342, 344, 355
- expressive vocabulary
44, 45
F
- feminine gender
62, 65, 66–67, 174, 180, 185, 186, 190, 191, 197, 222, 264
- feminine-indefinite gender
66, 222
- feminine-zoic gender
57, 66, 222
- fieldwork
109–112, 114, 124, 129, 137, 158, 193, 276, 278–279, 289, 304, 310, 320, 329, 330
See also language documentation
- Five Nations
16–20, 26, 52, 165
- French tradition
87–88, 99, 356
- fricative
40, 41–42, 43, 44, 133, 219
- function as a semantic parameter
68, 77, 188
G
- gender
2, 6, 7, 11, 12, 38, 51–53, 57, 59, 60–69, 77, 78, 82, 88, 93, 97, 125, 154, 173–223, 225, 249, 255, 260, 324, 325, 326, 331, 332, 336, 337–338, 342–343, 346, 351
- as arbitrary
65, 77, 189–190, 191–192, 199–201, 204–207, 209, 210–212, 213, 214, 215, 217, 222, 331, 342, 345
- as redundant
191–192, 199, 201, 342, 345
- assignment
7, 61, 63–67, 68, 77, 173, 174–175, 177, 179–180, 185, 188–222, 255, 324, 325, 332, 337–338, 343
- functions of
65, 68, 125, 199, 202, 203, 204, 207, 211, 215, 216–218, 222, 331, 338, 342–343, 345
- shift
64–65, 199, 202, 207–208, 215–216, 218–220
- system
11, 53, 59–61, 65–66, 68–69, 173, 182, 191, 192, 193, 195, 197, 201–202, 212–213, 214, 221
- generative linguistics
113, 211
- generic
67, 76, 186, 216, 223
- concepts
2, 122, 170, 241, 248, 250, 255, 259, 263–265, 267–270, 272, 279, 281, 297, 334–335, 339, 345–346, 350–351
- terms
71, 97, 115, 169, 229, 230, 233, 235, 236–241, 244–248, 252, 254–264, 269, 270, 272, 277, 279, 280–281, 284–287, 297–298, 302, 307, 316, 318, 332, 338–339, 350–352
- genitive classifiers See classifiers, possessive
- genocide
24, 31, 33, 269–270
- stop
40, 139, 145, 149–150
- functions of
331–332, 343–344
- vs. lexical categories
3, 76, 97, 126–127, 173, 175–176, 225, 250, 260–261, 331–332, 346–347
- grammaticalization
35, 76, 82, 212
- ‘Great Eskimo Vocabulary Hoax’
300–302, 305, 307, 311–312, 335
- guttural
101, 140, 143, 145–150, 157, 160, 161–162, 163, 165, 346, 351–352
H
- holophrasis
49, 234, 241–242, 262–263
- humanness as a semantic parameter
70
- hunter-gatherers
84, 162, 318
- Hurons
18–19, 93, 95, 135–143, 146–149, 151–155, 161–162, 164, 167, 183, 325, 338, 339, 346
I
- terms for
126, 276–278, 287, 289, 307–308, 310–311, 315–320, 324, 341
- ‘ignoble’ gender
179–182, 217
- inanimate
57, 62–65, 66, 67, 78, 81, 82, 97, 174–177, 179, 181–183, 185–186, 188–191, 194–196, 198–199, 201–203, 205, 206, 208, 211–213, 215–216, 218–221, 254, 260, 282, 286
- gender
7, 61, 64, 93, 181, 186, 194, 196, 197, 199, 200, 204, 206, 213, 215, 216, 332
- incorporation See noun incorporation
- incorporating, incorporative languages
236–237, 266, 346
- ‘Indian’ See Indigenous Peoples
- Indian Citizenship Act
120
- Indigenous Languages Act
113
- conceptions of
115–120
See also stereotypes
- in literature for children
118
- in popular culture
34, 117–119
- marginalization of
4, 31, 34, 101, 122, 183, 253
- population decline of
23–29, 34, 101, 122, 253, 337
- pre-contact population of
24
- inductive approach
112–113, 196, 199, 229
- inflecting, inflectional languages
237, 259
- inflection
50, 53–54, 58, 61, 64, 65, 100, 104, 127–128, 134, 177–178, 179, 180, 182, 186, 189, 232, 306
- interioricity as a semantic parameter
70, 72
- ‘internal’ syntax
54, 315–316
- International Polar Year
310
- interrogative classifiers See classifiers, interrogative
- intransitive
52, 58, 62, 65–66, 69, 71, 73–74, 190, 198–199, 249
- Inuit
4, 21–22, 118, 119–120, 220, 238, 278–279, 287, 291, 293–298, 300–302, 304, 309, 310–311, 315, 324, 325, 329, 340
- Inuit Sea Ice Use and Occupancy Project
310
- Iroquois
18, 97, 138, 141–142, 146, 148, 165, 167, 222–223, 267, 273, 349
- isolating languages
127, 237
K
- kinship terms
50, 61, 254, 283, 285, 286
L
- labial
2, 40–46, 95, 131, 135–145, 147–148, 153, 154, 157, 160, 161, 165, 167, 168, 181, 324–325, 326–327, 337
See also bilabial
- attitudes
33, 98–99, 101, 106–107, 117, 132, 145, 149–151, 154–155, 168–169, 215, 273, 320–322, 323, 324, 325, 356
- contact
10–11, 15–16, 22, 34–35, 42, 44, 47, 59, 93, 127–128, 170, 348–349, 350
- documentation
1, 14, 37, 88, 90, 93–94, 101, 102–103, 106, 107, 111–114, 122, 129, 158, 192, 211, 221, 242, 277, 305, 310–311, 319–320, 324, 341, 344, 350, 356
See also fieldwork
- ideologies
219, 336, 340–343
- isolate
10, 38–39, 41, 42, 48, 61, 72, 82, 110, 126, 156, 159, 232
- obsolescence
1, 2, 10, 24, 35–37, 47
- reclamation
6, 14, 15, 20, 114, 220, 343, 344
- revitalization
19–20, 36, 113–114, 220–221, 344, 356
- laryngeal
40, 42, 139, 145, 150
- lateral
40, 41, 42, 43, 139, 150, 168
- lexical categories
49, 50, 54–55, 350–351
- lexicalization
68, 81, 126, 215, 219, 251, 252, 306, 308, 351
- determinism
247–248, 266–267, 280–284, 287–288, 293, 297, 302, 325, 338–339
- relativism
114, 123, 183, 205, 217, 223, 265, 276, 284, 286, 288, 291, 292, 293, 295–296, 302, 321, 325, 334, 336–337
- relativity
107, 276, 280, 288, 290–291, 292, 293–294, 295, 302, 304, 308, 325, 338
- life cycles of
3, 8, 225–226, 250, 253, 271, 273, 275–276, 321–322, 323–327, 328
- transmission of
3, 144, 252, 276, 290, 299, 300, 324, 325–326
- versatility of
1, 171, 262, 275, 292–293, 299, 322, 332, 334–335, 338–340, 347
- Linguistic Society of America
113, 129
- locative classifiers See classifiers, locative
M
- masculine gender
62, 65–67, 174, 180, 182, 185, 186, 190, 191, 201, 222, 264
- ‘masculine’ languages
166
- material as a semantic parameter
68, 71, 73
- men’s and women’s speech
61
- metaphor
57–58, 82, 98–99, 213, 283, 308, 338
- missionaries
1, 12–14, 15, 23, 29, 87–90, 93–95, 97–101, 102, 106, 110, 111–112, 129, 133, 134–135, 137, 144, 146, 150, 151, 154–155, 163, 167, 174, 176, 179–180, 181, 185, 189, 190, 196, 206, 217, 221, 226–227, 228, 232, 234, 247, 255–256, 278, 324, 326, 330, 331, 340, 341, 343–344, 346, 355
- Franciscan
87, 95, 98, 194
- Jesuit
90, 93, 97, 99, 116, 137, 146, 153, 155, 174, 180–181, 230, 255–256, 258, 329
- missionary
- grammars
89, 93, 217, 326, 343–344
- mixed language
15, 22, 62
See also contact language
- Mohawks
17, 26, 141, 143, 167
- motion as a semantic parameter
82
- multilingualism
11, 59, 349
See also bilingualism
N
- nasal
39, 40, 41, 42–43, 44–45, 139, 150, 168
-
National Geographic
119–120
- Native American Languages Act
113
- natural environment
170, 281, 287, 292, 296–297, 308, 318–319, 339
- neuter gender
65, 66, 191, 197, 202, 214, 264
- New-York Historical Society
103
- ‘noble’ gender
179–182, 217
- nominal classification
2, 7, 38, 60, 67–69, 71, 78, 79, 84, 85, 194–195, 217, 282, 331, 337–338, 342, 345
- concurrent systems of
60, 68–69, 195
- functions of
60, 68, 125, 217
- intermediate systems of
68–69
- vs. noun classification
60
- nominal prefix See prefix, nominal
- Northeast
10–11, 12, 16, 24, 25, 101, 122, 181, 183
- Northwest Coast
10, 111
See also Pacific Northwest
- noun classifiers See classifiers, noun
- noun incorporation
2, 34, 36, 38, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 56–59, 61, 71–72, 73, 80, 81, 237, 239, 243, 251–252, 262, 263, 267, 339, 348, 349, 351, 356
- nouns
4, 7, 44, 50–51, 53–55, 56–59, 60–65, 67, 68–71, 73, 77, 80–81, 93, 97, 111, 127, 163, 175, 176–178, 179–185, 186, 188–191, 194–199, 201–219, 221, 229, 230, 233, 235, 243, 251, 252, 254–255, 257, 271, 282, 289, 294, 300, 306, 308, 319, 332, 337–338, 342, 343, 350, 353, 356
- number
52, 54, 61, 65, 77, 82, 96, 154, 177, 182, 200, 282
- numbers
73, 121, 281–282, 333–334
See also numerals
- numeral classifiers See classifiers, numeral
- numerals
62, 68, 69–73, 81, 111, 125, 185, 255, 271, 281–282, 333
O
- object
54, 55, 58, 69, 73, 74, 76, 228, 230, 237, 239, 249, 259, 260
- Ojibwas
4, 14, 16, 115, 123, 206–207, 337
- orientation in space as a semantic parameter
61, 70, 74, 75, 78
- otherness
32, 115, 336, 355
P
- Pacific Northwest
10–11, 35, 39, 41, 42–43, 46, 59, 61, 69, 70, 82, 111, 126, 144, 167–168, 277, 279, 327
See also Northwest Coast
- particles
45, 50, 51, 56, 82, 175, 233
- patient
47, 52, 56, 58, 62, 65, 67, 71, 81, 127
- Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology
111
- person
52–53, 54, 61, 65–67, 96, 127, 154, 182, 190, 219, 228, 282
- personification
188, 189, 190, 196, 198
- inventory
6, 37, 38–46, 125, 126, 128, 132, 133, 135–145, 169–170, 256, 327, 332, 345, 349, 352
See also consonant inventory, vowel inventory
- transcription
40, 45, 95, 110, 134–135, 155–157, 159, 328, 330
- physical properties as a semantic parameter
37, 67–68, 72–73, 76, 77, 111
- Plains
10, 12, 15, 29, 42, 62, 118
- plural
62, 63, 67, 76, 81, 93, 97, 121, 127, 177, 181, 221
- polysynthesis
2, 6, 34–36, 37–38, 47–50, 53–56, 61, 76, 81, 99, 104–105, 109, 151, 163–164, 173, 225, 231–232, 234, 239–241, 243, 249–250, 259–260, 262, 263–265, 272–273, 302, 306, 315, 326, 330–331, 339–340, 341, 346–347, 348–349, 351–352, 355, 356
- definitions of
47–48, 54, 104–105
- origin of the term
47, 104, 234
- polysynthetic languages
8, 34–36, 47–50, 53–56, 81, 104–105, 109, 127, 163–164, 173, 175–176, 225, 229, 237, 239–241, 243, 249–251, 259, 261, 263–265, 267, 271–273, 299, 306, 315, 330–331, 339–340, 341, 346–347, 348, 352, 355
- population size
34, 127–128, 170, 349
- Port Royal grammar
191–192, 199
- position as a semantic parameter
78, 82–83
- positional verbs
78, 82–83
- possessed classifiers See classifiers, possessed
- inalienable
51, 96, 254, 338, 356
- possessive classifiers See classifiers, possessive
- possessor classifiers See classifiers, possessor
- post-structuralism
292, 295
- postbase
53–54, 306, 315–316
- power as a semantic parameter
64, 188, 207–214, 219, 332
- pronominal
48, 51–53, 56, 57, 65–67, 243
- prepronominal prefix See prefix, prepronominal
- ‘primitive’
3, 7, 101, 114–115, 126, 133, 139–141, 145–149, 153, 155–158, 164, 187, 194, 203, 226, 231, 233, 235, 237, 240, 243–245, 247–256, 259, 261–272, 284–285, 298, 318, 325, 326, 332, 334, 336, 338–339, 346, 348, 351, 354, 355
- use of the term
4–6, 115, 145, 318
- productive non-inflectional concatenation
54
- pronominal prefix See prefix, pronominal
- pronouns
48, 50, 52, 53, 62, 64, 66, 175, 184, 186, 189, 204, 282
- proximity as a semantic parameter
82–84
Q
- quanta as a semantic parameter
71, 75
R
- racism
31, 120–121, 123, 223, 238, 321–322, 336–337, 344
- rank as a semantic parameter
179, 206
- redundancy
8, 34, 35, 199, 261, 345, 347, 354
- reduplication
140, 272, 351
- relational classifiers See classifiers, relational
- relocation
24, 28–29, 337
See also removal
- removal
24, 28–29, 149, 155, 226, 253, 269
See also relocation
- reservations
10, 17–18, 28, 32, 33, 196
See also reserves
- residential schools See boarding schools
- respect as a semantic parameter
179, 188, 189, 206
S
- ‘Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis’
290, 291–293, 298, 303, 321, 354, 355
- eloquence
118, 164–165, 167, 336
- noble
116–118, 139, 164, 336
- numbers
121, 271, 333
See also numbers, numerals
- Sea Ice Knowledge and Use Project
310, 311
- Senecas
18, 26, 45, 112, 143
- sex as a semantic parameter
11, 57, 60–62, 66, 176, 184, 186, 189, 191–192, 197, 200, 201, 202, 222, 233, 262, 282, 286, 287
- shape as a semantic parameter
61, 69–84, 201, 232
- sibilant
41, 139, 142, 143, 144, 156
- simplification
35–36, 80, 127, 244
- singular
61, 62, 65, 67, 93, 121, 216
- Six Nations Reserve
17, 18
- size as a semantic parameter
71, 72, 201, 216, 222
- ‘small’ languages
24, 36, 125, 127, 350
- smallpox
18, 25, 26, 27, 169
- Smithsonian Institution
107
- terms for
1, 2, 5, 8, 84, 120, 126, 205, 247, 252, 265, 273, 275–281, 283–285, 287–305, 307–322, 324, 325, 326, 328–331, 332, 337, 338
- generic term for
277, 287, 297–298, 302, 307, 316, 318, 332
- ‘societies of intimates’
35
- Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas
113
- sociolinguistic typology
170
- Southeast
10, 11, 12, 24, 42, 61, 74, 78, 87, 88, 105, 227
- Southwest
10, 11, 42, 118
- specific
59, 69, 80, 97, 216, 219, 228, 351
- terms
228–230, 232–236, 238, 241–242, 244, 246–248, 251–252, 254, 255–257, 260–262, 264, 269, 285, 286–287, 297–298, 302, 304, 335, 350–351, 352
- St. Lawrence Iroquoians
19, 152
- stem
48–52, 55, 56–59, 62, 65, 70–81, 84, 175, 199, 202, 212, 216, 218, 221, 252, 254, 285, 306–307, 315–316, 329
- stereotypes
2, 3, 7, 34, 114–120, 122–123, 132, 153, 160, 167, 182, 184, 248, 292–293, 295, 300, 315, 318, 326, 337, 340, 341, 347, 354
- timeless nature of
34, 115–120, 295, 300, 315, 318, 336
- Stroud Sac and Fox Reservation
196
- Subarctic
10, 12, 47, 310, 315, 327
- subject
54, 55, 58, 69, 73–74, 82, 127, 182, 198, 239, 249, 286
- suffix
51–54, 56, 59, 62, 63, 64, 71, 72, 73, 81, 84, 93, 207, 243, 251, 252, 347
- derivational
51, 52, 81, 251
- suffixation
70, 100, 306, 308
- suppletion
57, 71, 80, 251, 261
- syllabary
15, 19, 23, 106, 235
See also writing systems
- syllable structure
2, 41, 46, 140, 149, 170, 351
- synthesis
49–50, 54, 125, 242, 244, 266
- synthetic languages
48, 49, 54, 104, 306, 352
- ‘synthetic’ sounds
156–158
T
- Tasmanians
247–248, 268–270
- tone
46–47, 140, 155, 162
- traditional knowledge
2, 8, 9, 37, 84, 113, 279, 305, 310–311, 319–320, 321, 330
- Trail of Tears
29, 31, 122, 226, 253
- transitive
52, 54, 58, 62, 65–67, 69, 71, 73–74, 175, 178, 190, 249
- Tuscaroras
18, 112, 143, 242
- Tuscarora Indian Nation
18
U
- uniformitarian principle
125, 162
- use as a semantic parameter
188–189, 198, 202, 209
V
- allophonic
44–45, 46, 126, 133, 155, 159, 330
- dialectal
43, 44, 133, 152, 155, 157, 159, 210, 211, 212, 278, 321, 327, 328
- inter-speaker
36, 43–45, 133, 142, 151–153, 155–156, 159, 209, 221, 319, 327, 341–342
- velar
40, 42, 44, 45, 145
- verbal classifiers See classifiers, verbal
- verbs
48–60, 62–65, 68–69, 71–83, 98–99, 104, 124, 126, 127, 173–176, 177, 178, 180–183, 189, 190, 198–199, 218, 225–274 passim
, 280, 286, 306, 328, 331–332, 342, 346–347, 350, 356
See also classificatory verbs
- for fishing
100, 237–238, 257, 261–264, 298, 321–322, 350
- for washing
2, 7, 79, 80–81, 106, 122, 223, 225–261, 266, 268, 271, 275, 320–322, 324–325, 332–333, 337, 350–351
- for washing, general term
229, 239, 240, 241, 247, 252, 264, 332, 351
- scope-ordered organization of
53
- templatic organization of
52
- visibility as a semantic parameter
82, 83, 297
- vocabularies
19, 43, 45, 88–90, 103, 105–106, 174, 227, 229, 232, 268–269, 278, 311–314
See also word lists
- vowel
38–39, 45, 63, 69, 133–135, 137, 139, 150, 155, 181, 352
- inventory
38–39, 46, 125, 126, 128, 139
See also phonetic inventory
W
- Western tradition
206, 342, 355
- women linguists
110, 111–112
- Wôpanâak Language Reclamation Project
14, 344
- word lists
6, 89–90, 105, 132, 209
- word-centred analysis
331
- words, criteria for establishing
54–55, 306–308, 315–316
- world view
205, 207, 208, 215, 217, 223, 247, 265, 292–296, 297, 322, 332, 337
- writing systems
12, 14, 15, 19, 23, 95, 232
- syllabic
4, 15, 23
See also syllabary
Y
- Yupiks
21, 84, 311, 318, 319–320, 325