On the Decrease of Language Norms in a Disintegrating Language
This paper deals with the issue of norm awareness in decaying American Dutch, the language of the ethnic Dutch in the American Midwest. It is investigated to what extent inflectional ‘mistakes’ are recognized. This investigation was carried out by means of an acceptability test. These findings are then compared with data from free conversation. Although this paper focuses on the decrease of language norms in the first place, it also contributes to a better understanding of heritage languages in their final stage, i.e., when they are on the verge of extinction.
For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.
References
Carstairs, Andrew
1987 Allomorphy in Inflection. London: Croom Helm.

Dorian, Nancy C
1981 Language Death. The Life Cycle of a Scottish Gaelic Dialect. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Labov, William
1972 Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Lucas, Henry S
1955 Netherlanders in America. Dutch Immigration to the United States and Canada, 1789–1950. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Sharwood Smith, Michael and Paul van Buren
1991 “First Language Attrition and the Parameter Setting Model.” In
First Language Attrition, ed. by
Herbert W. Seliger and
Robert M. Vago, 17–30. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Smits, Caroline
1993 “Resistance to Erosion in American Dutch Inflection.” In
Yearbook of Morphology 1993, ed. by
Geert Booij and
Jaap van Marle, 155–184. Dordrecht: Kluwer.


Smits, Caroline
1996 Disintegration of Inflection: The Case of Iowa Dutch. (
HIL Dissertations 22). The Hague: Holland Academic Graphics.

Smits, Caroline
2001 “Iowa Dutch Inflection: Translations Versus Conversations.” In
Sociolinguistic and Psycholinguistic Perspectives on Maintenance and Loss of Minority Languages, ed. by
Tom Ammerlaan,
Madeleine Hulsen,
Heleen Strating,
Kutlay Yagmur, 299–318. Münster: Waxmann.

Smits, Caroline
2002 “On the (Non-)Persistence of Dialect Features in American Dutch (2): The Case of Iowa Dutch.” In
Present-Day Dialectology, ed. by
Jan Berns and
Jaap van Marle, 243–267. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.


Van Hinte, Jacob
1985 Netherlanders in America. A Study of Emigration and Settlement in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries in the United States of America. Edited by
Robert P. Swierenga. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House. [Revised and translated version of the Dutch edition of 1928]

Van Marle, Jaap
2001a “American ‘Leeg Duits’ (‘Low Dutch’) – A Neglected Language.” In
Global Eurolinguistics. European Languages in North America – Migration, Maintenance and Death, ed. by
P. Sture Ureland, 79–101. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Van Marle, Jaap
2001b “The Acculturation of Dutch Immigrants in the USA: A Linguist’s View.” In
The Dutch Adapting in North America, ed. by
Robert Harms, 18–26. Grand Rapids, MI: Calvin College.

Van Marle, Jaap
2005 “On the Divergence and Maintenance of Immigrants Languages: Dutch in Michigan.” In
Language Diversity in Michigan and Ohio: Towards Two State Linguistic Profiles, ed. by
Brian D. Joseph,
Carol G. Preston and
Dennis R. Preston, 169–187. Ann Arbor: Caravan.

Van Marle, Jaap
2008 “Yankee Dutch Literature as a Marker of Acculturation.” In
Dutch-American Arts and Letters in Historical Perspective, ed. by
Robert P. Swierenga,
Jacob E. Nyenhuis and
Nella Kennedy, 61–67. Holland, MI: Van Raalte.

Van Marle, Jaap
2010 “Yankee Dutch: Later Developments.” In
Across Borders. Dutch Migration to North America and Australia, ed. by
Jacob E. Nyenhuis,
Suzanne M. Sinke and
Robert P. Swierenga, 135–144. Holland, MI: Van Raalte.

Van Marle, Jaap
2012a “Dutch Immigrants in Wisconsin: Their Linguistic Heritage.” In
Diverse Destinies. Dutch Kolonies in Wisconsin and the East, ed. by
Nella Kennedy,
Mary Risseeuw and
Robert P. Swierenga, 221–233. Holland, MI: Van Raalte.

Van Marle, Jaap
2012b “On the Survival of the Frisian Language in Wisconsin.” In
Diverse Destinies. Dutch Kolonies in Wisconsin and the East, ed. by
Nella Kennedy,
Mary Risseeuw and
Robert P. Swierenga, 235–246. Holland, MI: Van Raalte.

Van Marle, Jaap
2014.
“On the Shift to Standard Dutch in Dutch-American Immigrants Communities.” In
Dutch Americans and War: United States and Abroad ed. by
Robert P. Swierenga,
Nella Kennedy and
Lisa Zylstra 351 361 Holland, MI Van Raalte
Van Marle, Jaap and Caroline Smits
1989 “Morphological Erosion in American Dutch.” In
Vielfalt der Kontakte, ed. by
Norbert Boretzky,
Werner Enninger and
Thomas Stolz, 37–65. Bochum: Universitätsverlag Brockmeyer.

Van Marle, Jaap and Caroline Smits
Van Marle, Jaap and Caroline Smits
1995 “On the Impact of Language Contact on Inflectional Systems: The Reduction of Verb Inflection in American Dutch and American Frisian.” In
Linguistic Change Under Contact Conditions, ed. by
Jacek Fisiak, 179–206. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.


Van Marle, Jaap and Caroline Smits
1996 “American Dutch: General Trends in its Development.” In
Language Contact Across the North Atlantic, ed. by
P. Sture Ureland and
Ian Clarkson, 427–442. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Van Marle, Jaap and Caroline Smits
2002 “On the (Non-)Persistence of Dialect Features in American Dutch (1): General Aspects.” In
Present-Day Dialectology, ed. by
Jan Berns and
Jaap van Marle, 231–242. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.


Weinreich, Uriel
1953 Languages in Contact. The Hague: Mouton.

Cited by
Cited by 1 other publications
Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Signe Laake
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 14 september 2023. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.