Index

• affluence15, 145, 151

• affluent15, 17, 136, 144–145, 151–152

• age2, 24, 27, 30, 40, 42–43, 46–47, 72, 96, 100, 137

• agreement6, 11, 33, 36, 38, 44, 132

• Americanisation31

• authority1, 2, 13, 20, 37, 141–146, 148, 151–152

• broadcasting data116, 146

• Celtic Tiger12, 14, 146

• class segregation6, 14

• collectivism6, 36–38, 43, 152

• colonial23, 37, 120, 141, 147

• coloniser10, 115–117, 147

• colonisers118, 147

• conversation topic69, 81, 141

• D417

• diachronic analysis3, 5, 7, 57, 67, 111, 119, 131, 135, 141

• diachronic development4, 6, 33, 42, 51, 104, 111, 121, 146, 150, 153

• diachronic developments6, 9, 146–147

• diachronic investigation143

• diachronic1, 5, 20, 28

• directness38, 150, 153

• discourse marker38–39, 42, 59–60, 70–72, 76–77, 80–82, 100, 107–108, 76

• discourse markers33, 50, 76, 97

• dissociation13, 20

• distance20, 37, 60, 68, 81–82, 85–88, 90, 92, 94–95, 102, 131, 133, 141, 147

• distancing22, 81, 134, 142

• endonormative22, 116, 118, 120, 147

• ethnicity46

• ethnographic2, 4, 16, 24, 28

• exonormative115–118, 120

• expert8, 69, 75, 79, 81, 107, 131, 135, 138, 140–142

• formal1, 19, 20, 29, 31, 52, 55, 110, 115, 118, 120, 134, 141, 145–147, 149–150

• formality1, 7, 119–120, 131, 134, 136, 138, 141–142, 144, 146–148, 151–152

• gender2, 4, 6, 7, 25, 26, 27, 30, 32–34, 39–40, 42–47, 52, 68, 85–86, 88, 90, 92–95, 100, 106, 108, 123–126, 128–130, 135, 140, 149, 151

• hedge38, 41, 43–44, 70, 74, 79–81, 105, 144

• hyperarticulation151

• hypoarticulation151

• Independence1, 9, 10, 12–13, 22, 115–118, 146–147

• Indexical Field47, 143, 148–151

• indexicality2–4, 6, 20, 47–48, 150

• Indirectness152, 36–38, 44

• inequality12, 72, 74

• informal19, 27, 30, 37, 110, 115, 120, 144, 147

• informality151–152

• knowledge1, 8, 20, 28, 36, 40, 43, 135, 141–143, 152

• language change16, 21, 23

• language ideology151

• lenition29, 30, 61, 110

• linguistic landscaping16, 18

• local1, 4–5, 7, 13, 15–17, 19, 22–23, 25, 31, 41, 44, 57, 65, 72, 82, 100, 104, 105–106, 108, 110, 116–118, 121, 138, 140–142, 144–148, 150–152

• media21, 22, 117

• middle class1, 31, 73, 131, 140, 142, 144–145, 151

• national identity4, 11, 13, 20, 115, 146

• negative politeness36–38, 43

• non-conformity8, 131, 138, 140–141, 145

• norms5, 8, 20, 21, 23, 29, 36, 43, 47, 70, 73–74, 79, 104–105, 107, 111, 116–118, 120, 131, 133, 136–137, 140–142, 147

• northside1, 14, 17–18, 26, 28, 33, 53, 75, 79

• northside81, 100, 132, 134, 136–138, 141

• perceptions16–17

• phonetic variation2, 3, 5–6, 26, 33, 47, 49–50, 61, 69, 100, 110, 121, 130, 146, 153

• politeness5, 36–38, 48–49

• Polysemy148

• posh16, 17, 26, 79, 137, 141, 144

• positive politeness37

• post-colonial23

• post-independence12

• postcolonial105, 116, 118, 120

• poverty12, 15

• power1, 20, 23, 37–38, 48, 73, 81, 84, 120, 144–146, 151–152

• pragmatic marker4, 7, 38–44, 51, 70, 75, 81–82, 105–107, 143

• pragmatic markers4, 6, 19, 33–34, 36, 38–42, 45–46, 50, 58, 102, 105–106, 108–109, 143–144

• pragmatics1, 3–4, 6, 34–36, 39–40, 45–49, 130, 143, 145, 152–153

• prestige17, 18, 20, 22–23, 115, 117–118, 131, 135–138, 140–143, 145–147, 150

• prosody3, 40, 50

• RTÉ Archives5, 23, 57, 111, 120

• silence37, 61, 155

• social changes11, 13, 146

• social class4, 6, 18, 20–21, 24–26, 30, 33–34, 45–46, 110, 130, 139, 151–152

• social meaning2, 3, 5, 33, 111, 135, 143, 145, 147

• social meanings1, 2, 3, 5–7, 26, 47, 115, 121, 131, 135, 143, 145, 147–153

• sociolinguistic interview55, 67

• sociolinguistic interviews5, 7, 19, 21, 42, 52, 55, 111, 115, 121

• sociophonetic variation50

• Sociophonetics1, 5–6

• Sociopragmatic6–8, 23, 45, 48–50, 68, 130, 153

• sociopragmatics7, 45

• southside14, 17, 18, 28, 32, 33, 52, 75, 81

• southsider1, 6, 32

• stance2–4, 8, 28, 48–51, 54, 69, 73–75, 81

• stances1–6, 8, 13, 20, 26, 28, 34, 44, 47–48, 51, 79–82

• Standard Language19–20

• standard1, 19–23, 29–30, 115–118, 120, 138, 141–142, 150

• standards20, 22, 147

• status14, 17, 20, 73, 111, 118–120, 131, 139, 145–146

• style7, 24, 28, 30–33, 48, 55, 100, 115, 119, 137, 141, 155

• styles19, 21, 33, 115, 119, 137–138

• suburbanisation13–14

• supraregional1, 13, 20, 22–23, 100, 144, 150

• third-wave27, 40, 47

• tough28, 32, 140, 142, 144

• vernacular16, 19–21, 30, 115–116, 118

• vernaculars104–105

• vowel shift7, 27, 97, 108

• working-class17, 25, 30, 48, 78, 131, 138, 141, 151

• World Englishes1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 104, 106, 115, 118, 143, 146–148, 153