Part of
The Sociophonetics of Dublin English: Phonetic realisation and sociopragmatic variationMarion Schulte
[Studies in Language Variation 30] 2023
► pp. ix–xi
Marion Schulte
[Studies in Language Variation 30] 2023
► pp. ix–xi
List of figures
Figure 2.1Map of Dublin
14
Figure 2.2Map of inner city Dublin
15
Figure 5.1Map of Dublin City with areas in which participants live at the time of
the interview and the number of informants from that area in circles. Arrows
indicate that participants live just outside the area displayed on the
map
54
Figure 5.2Screenshot of annotated target word like as a quotative
marker in praat
60
Figure 5.3Spectrogram of stop realisation in the word <that> produced by
Rachel
62
Figure 5.4Spectrogram of aspirated stop in the word <lot> produced by
Emily
63
Figure 5.5Spectrogram of affricate in the word <that> produced by
Rachel
63
Figure 5.6Spectrogram of tap in <what I> produced by Jessica
64
Figure 5.7Spectrogram of glottalised realisation in <that in> produced by
Rachel
64
Figure 5.8Spectrogram of fricated realisation in the word <but> produced by
Rachel
65
Figure 5.9Spectrogram of R realisation in the intervocalic context of <set
up> produced by James
66
Figure 5.10Spectrogram of dropped/unreleased realisation of the word <right>
in prepausal position produced by James
67
Figure 6.1Scatterplot of bark-normalised onset realisations across all speakers
with ellipses representing a 95% confidence interval,
n = 475
83
Figure 6.2Density plot bark-normalised onset realisations across all speakers,
n = 475
84
Figure 6.3Density plot of bark-normalised glide realisations across all speakers,
n = 475
85
Figure 6.4Density plot of all tokens of like at glide,
highlighting the particle function, n = 475
87
Figure 6.5Boxplot showing Euclidean Distance between F1 and F2 at vowel onset and
glide depending on the function of like,
n = 475
87
Figure 6.6Usage of different functions of like as dependent on
occupation of speaker, n = 475
88
Figure 6.7Density plot of all tokens of like at onset,
highlighting the grammatical function, n = 475
89
Figure 6.8Density plot of all tokens of like at glide,
highlighting the grammatical function, n = 475
90
Figure 6.9Density plot of all tokens of like at onset,
highlighting the quotative function, n = 475
91
Figure 6.10Density plot of all tokens of like at onset,
highlighting the verbal function, n = 475
92
Figure 6.11Density plot of all tokens of like at glide,
highlighting the verbal function, n = 475
93
Figure 6.12Boxplots of normalised F1 values at onset (left) and glide (right),
n = 475
94
Figure 6.13Boxplots of normalised F2 values at onset (left) and glide (right),
n = 475
95
Figure 6.14Density plot of bark-normalised onset realisations across all speakers,
n = 465
98
Figure 6.15Density plot of bark-normalised glide realisations across all speakers,
n = 465
99
Figure 6.16Boxplot of vowel length in tokens of PRICE and verb
like, n = 295
99
Figure 6.17Density plot of bark-normalised onset realisations across all speakers,
n = 416
101
Figure 6.18Density plot of bark-normalised glide realisations across all speakers,
n = 416
101
Figure 7.1Word-final /t/ realisations in simple codas and intervocalic or prepausal
position in RTÉ corpus, n = 184
112
Figure 7.2Word-final realisations of /t/ in simple codas and intervocalic or
prepausal position produced by politicians and political commentators in
RTÉ corpus, n = 76
113
Figure 7.3Word-final realisations of /t/ in simple codas and intervocalic or
prepausal position produced by live sports commentators in RTÉ corpus,
n = 20
114
Figure 7.4Realisations of word-final /t/ in simple codas and intervocalic or
prepausal position in percent for each speaker,
n = 1330
123
Figure 7.5Realisation of word-final /t/ as dependent on position (intervocalic/prepausal) for all
speakers, n = 1330
127
Figure 7.6Realisation of word-final /t/ in simple codas and intervocalic or
prepausal position as dependent on occupation
(professional/pupil/student/unemployed) for all speakers,
n = 1330
128
Figure 7.7Realisation of word-final /t/ in simple codas and intervocalic or
prepausal position as dependent on gender (female/male) for all speakers, n = 1330
129
Figure 7.8Realisation of word-final /t/ in simple codas and intervocalic or
prepausal position as dependent on residence (north/south) for all speakers,
n = 1330
129
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