Criteria for establishing the inventory of semantic participants and voices in Tagalog
Sergei Klimenko | Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
The number of different voice constructions is controversial in Philippine linguistics. There are two approaches
to establishing the voice inventory: (1) based on the number of voice affixes; (2) based on semantics of constructions, using
opaque definitions of roles without any formal basis. Tagalog data supports neither approach. Many verbal roots form voice
paradigms of up to seven members. The ungroundedness in any formal properties in the second approach often leads to different sets
of voices with significant subjective variation. This paper suggests employing formal criteria for establishing an exhaustive
inventory of semantic roles and voices in Tagalog: (1) Distinct marking in non-subject position; (2) co-occurrence of voice forms
in paradigms; (3) co-occurrence of participants in constructions; (4) existence of a co-referential voice form. 16 participants
and 13 voices are established in Tagalog, using the suggested criteria, which also provide a possibility for creating a typology
of Philippine voice inventories.
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