It has been claimed by Hasegawa, Yoshimura, Nishigauchi, Kikuchi, Saito and Watanabe, among others, that Japanese observes subjacency in relative clause formation, question formation, topicalization, comparative deletion (all non-overt operator movements), PP-topicalization, and scrambling (overt movements). In this paper I present counterexamples to each of these claims and argue that an aboutness condition on topic-comment and focus-comment constructions not only better explains the data but also explains the fact that subjects are usually easier to relativize than non-subjects, the fact that NP-topicalization is more free than PP-topicalization and the fact that there is pressure for a "list" interpretation in multiple wh-questions.
2015. The acquisition of relative clauses in spontaneous child speech in Mandarin Chinese. Journal of Child Language 42:2 ► pp. 394 ff.
Comrie, Bernard & Anna Giacalone Ramat
2002. Typology and language acquisition: the case of relative clauses. In Typology and Second Language Acquisition,
Kim, Ilkyu
2013. Rethinking “island effects” in Korean relativization. Language Sciences 38 ► pp. 59 ff.
Nakamura, Michiko & Edson T. Miyamoto
2013. The object before subject bias and the processing of double-gap relative clauses in Japanese. Language and Cognitive Processes 28:3 ► pp. 303 ff.
Ozeki, Hiromi & Yasuhiro Shirai
2007. DOES THE NOUN PHRASE ACCESSIBILITY HIERARCHY PREDICT THE DIFFICULTY ORDER IN THE ACQUISITION OF JAPANESE RELATIVE CLAUSES?. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 29:02
Park, Chongwon
2022. Korean Relative Clauses: Metonymy, Zone Activation, and Reference Point*. Studia Linguistica 76:2 ► pp. 275 ff.
Xu, Liejiong
2006. Topicalization in Asian Languages. In The Blackwell Companion to Syntax, ► pp. 137 ff.
Xu, Liejiong
2017. Topicalization in Asian Languages. In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Syntax, Second Edition, ► pp. 1 ff.
[no author supplied]
2006. Consolidated References. In The Blackwell Companion to Syntax, ► pp. 439 ff.
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