Article published in:
Studies in Language
Vol. 38:1 (2014) ► pp. 5–43

Formats for other-initiation of repair across languages

An exercise in pragmatic typology

| Language & Cognition Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
| School of Languages and Linguistics, University of Melbourne

In conversation, people have to deal with problems of speaking, hearing, and understanding. We report on a cross-linguistic investigation of the conversational structure of other-initiated repair (also known as collaborative repair, feedback, requests for clarification, or grounding sequences). We take stock of formats for initiating repair across languages (comparable to English huh?, who?, y’mean X?, etc.) and find that different languages make available a wide but remarkably similar range of linguistic resources for this function. We exploit the patterned variation as evidence for several underlying concerns addressed by repair initiation: characterising trouble, managing responsibility, and handling knowledge. The concerns do not always point in the same direction and thus provide participants in interaction with alternative principles for selecting one format over possible others. By comparing conversational structures across languages, this paper contributes to pragmatic typology: the typology of systems of language use and the principles that shape them.

Keywords: typology, question words, repetition, conversational structure, interjections, pragmatics, conversation, repair, grounding sequences, discourse analysis, qualitative corpus analysis, conversation analysis, morphosyntax, discourse
Published online: 25 April 2014
https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.38.1.01din
References
Arundale, Robert B
2006 Face as relational and interactional: A communication framework for research on face, facework, and politeness. Journal of Politeness Research. Language, Behaviour, Culture 2(2). 193-216. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Austin, J.L
1962 How to do things with words. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Beeching, Kate
2002 Gender, politeness and pragmatic particles in French, Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, vol. 1041. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Benjamin, Trevor
2012 When problems pass us by: Using ‘You Mean’ to help locate the source of trouble. Research on Language & Social Interaction 45(1). 82-109. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2013 Signaling trouble: On the linguistic design of other-initiation of repair in English conversation. Groningen: University of Groningen dissertation.Google Scholar
Blythe, Joe
2009 Doing referring in Murriny Patha conversation. Sydney: University of Sydney dissertation.Google Scholar
Du Bois, John W., Stephan Schuetze-Coburn, Danae Paolino & Susanna Cumming
1993 Outline of discourse transcription. In Jane A. Edwards & Martin D. Lampert (eds.), Talking data: Transcription and coding methods for language research, 45-89. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Bolden, Galina B
2009 Beyond answering: Repeat-prefaced responses in conversation. Communication Monographs 76(2). 121-143. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bolinger, Dwight L
1978 Yes-no questions are not alternative questions. In Henry Hiz (ed.), Questions, 87-105. Dordrecht: Reidel. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Brown, Penelope
1998 Conversational structure and language acquisition: The role of repetition in Tzeltal. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 8(2). 197-221. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Brown, Penelope & Stephen C. Levinson
1987 Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam
1965 Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press.Google Scholar
Clark, Herbert H
1996 Using language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Clark, Herbert H. & C.R. Marshall
1981 Definite reference and mutual knowledge. In Aravind K. Joshi, Bonnie L. Webber & Ivan Sag (eds.), Elements of discourse understanding, 10-63. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Clark, Herbert H. & Edward Schaefer
1987 Collaborating on contributions to conversations. Language and Cognitive Processes 2(1). 19-41. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Curl, Traci S
2005 Practices in other-initiated repair resolution: The phonetic differentiation of ‘repetitions’. Discourse Processes 39(1). 1-43. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cysouw, M
2004 Interrogative words: An exercise in lexical typology. Presentation presented at the Bantu grammar: Description and theory workshop , February 13.
Cysouw, Michael
2007 Content interrogatives in Pichis Ashéninca: Corpus study and typological comparison. International Journal of American Linguistics 73(2). 133-163. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dehé, Nicole
2009 An intonational grammar for Icelandic. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 32(1). 5-34. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dingemanse, Mark & Simeon Floyd
In press. Conversation across cultures. In N.J. Enfield, Paul Kockelman & Jack Sidnell (eds.) Cambridge handbook of linguistic anthropology Cambridge Cambridge University Press DOI logo
Dingemanse, Mark, Francisco Torreira & N.J. Enfield
2013 Is ‘Huh?’ a universal word? Conversational infrastructure and the convergent evolution of linguistic items. PLOS ONE. DOI logo
Drew, Paul
1997 ‘Open’ class repair initiators in response to sequential sources of trouble in conversation. Journal of Pragmatics 281. 69-101. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dryer, Matthew S
2011 Position of interrogative phrases in content questions. In Matthew S. Dryer & Martin Haspelmath (eds.), The world atlas of language structures online. Münich: Max Planck Digital Library. http://​wals​.info​/chapter​/93.Google Scholar
Egbert, Maria
Forthcoming. Selection principles for other-initiated repair turn formats - an answer from positioned questions. In John Heritage, Gene H. Lerner & Geoffrey Raymond (eds.) Finding the universal in the particular: Festschrift for Emanuel A. Schegloff on his 70th birthday Blackwell
1996 Context-sensitivity in conversation: Eye gaze and the German repair initiator bitte? Language in Society 25(4). 587-612. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2009 Der Reparatur-Mechanismus in deutschen Gesprächen. Mannheim: Verlag für Gesprächsforschung. http://​www​.verlag​-gespraechsforschung​.de​/2009​/egbert​.htm.Google Scholar
Egbert, Maria, Andrea Golato & Jeffrey D. Robinson
2009 Repairing reference. In Jack Sidnell (ed.), Conversation analysis: Comparative perspectives, 104-132. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Enfield, N.J
2007 A grammar of Lao. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2013 Relationship thinking: Agency, enchrony, and human sociality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Enfield, N.J., Mark Dingemanse, Julija Baranova, Joe Blythe, Penelope Brown, Tyko Dirksmeyer, Paul Drew, et al.
2013 Huh? What? – A first survey in 21 languages. In Makoto Hayashi, Geoffrey Raymond & Jack Sidnell (eds.), Conversational repair and human understanding, 343-380. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Enfield, N.J., Tanya Stivers & Stephen C. Levinson
2010 Question-response sequences in conversation across ten languages: An introduction. Journal of Pragmatics 42(10). 2615–2619. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Fox, Barbara A., Hayashi, Makoto & Jasperson Robert
1996 Resources and repair: a cross-linguistic study of syntax and repair. In Elinor Ochs, Emanual A. Schegloff & Sandra A. Thompson (eds.), Interaction and Grammar, 185-237. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Firth, J.R
1930 The tongues of men, and speech. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gabelentz, Georg von der
1891 Die Sprachwissenschaft, ihre Aufgaben, Methoden und bisherigen Ergebnisse, 2nd edn. London: Routledge/Thoemmes Press.Google Scholar
Goffman, Erving
1971 Relations in public. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Gussenhoven, Carlos
2004 The phonology of tone and intonation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Halliday, M.A.K
1970 Language structure and language function. In John Lyons (ed.), New horizons in linguistics, 140-165. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
1971 Language in a social perspective. Educational Review 23(3). 165-188. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hayashi, Makoto, Geoffrey Raymond & Jack Sidnell
(eds.) 2013 Conversational repair and human understanding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Heritage, John
2012 The epistemic engine: Sequence organization and territories of knowledge. Research on Language & Social Interaction 45(1). 30-52. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Heritage, John & Geoffrey Raymond
2005 The terms of agreement: Indexing epistemic authority and subordination in talk-in-interaction. Social Psychology Quarterly 68(1). 15-38. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hinde, R.A
1976 Interactions, relationships and social structure. Man 11(1). 1-17. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Horn, Laurence
1984 Toward a new taxonomy for pragmatic inference: Q-based and R-based implicature. In Deborah Schiffrin (ed.), Meaning, form, and use in context (GURT ’84), 11-42. Washington: Georgetown University Press. http://​www​.princeton​.edu​/~harman​/Courses​/PHI534​-2012​-13​/Oct8​/horn1984​.pdf.Google Scholar
Jefferson, Gail
1972 Side sequences. In David N. Sudnow (ed.), Studies in social interaction, 294-338. New York: MacMillan/The Free Press.Google Scholar
Kamio, Akio
1994 The theory of territory of information: The case of Japanese. Journal of Pragmatics 21(1). 67-100. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kim, Kyu-hyun
1999 Other-initiated repair sequences in Korean conversation: Types and functions. Discourse and Cognition 61. 141-168.Google Scholar
Lerner, Gene H
2004 On the place of linguistic resources in the organization of talk-in-interaction: Grammar as action in prompting a speaker to elaborate. Research on Language & Social Interaction 37(2). 151-184. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Levinson, Stephen C
2000 Presumptive meanings: The theory of generalized conversational implicature. Cambridge: MIT Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Moerman, Michael
1977 The preference for self-correction in a Tai conversational corpus. Language 53(4). 872–882. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Moerman, Michael & Harvey Sacks
1988 On “Understanding” in the analysis of natural conversation. In Michael Moerman (ed.), Talking culture: Ethnography and conversation analysis, 180-186. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ochs, Elinor
1984 Clarification and culture. In Deborah Schiffrin (ed.), GURT’84: Meaning, form, and use in context: Linguistic applications. Washington, D. C.: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Ohala, John J
1984 An ethological perspective on common cross-language utilization of F0 of voice. Phonetica 41(1). 1-16. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Olivier, Cl
1985 L’art et la manière : ‘comment’ dans les stratégies discursives. Langages 20(80). 71-98. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Purver, Matthew
2004 The theory and use of clarification requests in dialogue. King’s College, University of London, August. http://​www​.dcs​.qmul​.ac​.uk​/mpurver​/papers​/purver04thesis​.pdf.Google Scholar
Robinson, Jeffrey D
2006 Managing trouble responsibility and relationships during conversational repair. Communication Monographs 731. 137-161. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2013 Epistemics, action formation, and other-initiation of repair: The case of partial questioning repeats. In Makoto Hayashi, Geoffrey Raymond & Jack Sidnell (eds.), Conversational repair and human understanding, 261-292. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Robinson, Jeffrey D. & Heidi Kevoe-Feldman
2010 Using full repeats to initiate repair on others’ questions. Research on Language & Social Interaction 43(3). 232-259. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sacks, Harvey
1992 Lectures on conversation. London: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Sacks, Harvey & Emanuel A. Schegloff
1979 Two preferences in the organization of reference to persons in conversation and their interaction. In George Psathas (ed.), Everyday language: Studies in ethnomethodology, 15-21. New York: Irvington Publishers.Google Scholar
Sapir, Edward
1921 Language. New York: Harcourt, Brace.Google Scholar
Schegloff, Emanuel A
1987 Between macro and micro: Contexts and other connections. In Jeffrey C. Alexander, Bernhard Giesen, Richard Munch & Neil J. Smelser (eds.), The micro-macro link, 207-234. Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
1996 Confirming allusions: Toward an empirical account of action. The American Journal of Sociology 102(1). 161-216. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1997 Practices and actions: Boundary cases of other-initiated repair. Discourse Processes 23(3). 499-545. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2000 When ‘others’ initiate repair. Applied Linguistics 21(2). 205-243. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2004 On dispensability. Research on Language & Social Interaction 37(2). 95-149. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2005 On complainability. Social Problems 52(4). 449-476. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2006 Interaction: The infrastructure for social institutions, the natural ecological niche for language, and the arena in which culture is enacted. In N.J. Enfield & Stephen C. Levinson (eds.), Roots of human sociality: Culture, cognition and interaction, 70-96. Oxford: Berg.Google Scholar
2007 Sequence organization in interaction: A primer in conversation analysis, vol. 11. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Schegloff, Emanuel A., Gail Jefferson & Harvey Sacks
1977 The preference for self-correction in the organization of repair in conversation. Language 53(2). 361-382. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Selting, Margret
1987a Verständigungsprobleme. Eine empirische Analyse am Beispiel der Bürger-Verwaltungs-Kommunikation. Tübingen: Niemeyer. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1987b Reparaturen und lokale Verstehensprobleme oder: zur Binnenstruktur von Reparatursequenzen. Linguistische Berichte 1081. 128-149.Google Scholar
1987c Fremdkorrekturen als Manifestationsformen von Verständigungsproblemen. Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 6(1). 37-58. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1996 Prosody as an activity-type distinctive cue in conversation: The case of so-called “astonished” questions in repair-initiation. In Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen & Margret Selting (eds.), Prosody in conversation: Interactional studies, 231-270. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sidnell, Jack
2006 Repair. In Jef Verschueren & Jan-Ola Östman (eds.), Handbook of pragmatics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2007 Repairing person reference in a small Caribbean community. In N.J. Enfield & Tanya Stivers (eds.), Person reference in interaction: Linguistic, cultural and social perspectives, 281-308. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
2010a Conversation analysis: An introduction. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
2010b Questioning repeats in the talk of four-year-old children. In H. Gardner & M. Forrester (eds.), Analysing interactions in childhood: Insights from conversation analysis, 23-41. London: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Sorjonen, Marja-Leena
1996 On repeats and responses in Finnish conversations. In Elinor Ochs, Emanuel A. Schegloff & Sandra A. Thompson (eds.), Interaction and grammar, 277-327. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Stivers, Tanya
2005 Modified repeats: One method for asserting primary rights from second position. Research on Language & Social Interaction 38(2). 131-158. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Stivers, Tanya, Lorenza Mondada & Jakob Steensig
(eds.) 2011 The morality of knowledge in conversation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Stivers, Tanya & Jeffrey D. Robinson
2006 A preference for progressivity in interaction. Language in Society 35(3). 367-392. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Suzuki, Kana
2010 Other-initiated repair in Japanese: Accomplishing mutual understanding in conversation. Kobe: Kobe University dissertation.Google Scholar
Svennevig, Jan
2008 Trying the easiest solution first in other-initiation of repair. Journal of Pragmatics 40(2). 333-348. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ultan, Russell
1978 Some general characteristics of interrogative systems. In Joseph H. Greenberg (ed.), Universals of human language 41, 211-248. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Wu, Ruey-Jiuan Regina
2008 Repetition in the initiation of repair. In Jack Sidnell (ed.), Conversation analysis: Comparative perspectives, 31-59. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cited by

Cited by 55 other publications

No author info given
2017.  In Conversational structures of Alto Perené (Arawak) of Peru [Studies in Language Companion Series, 181], Crossref logo
No author info given
2021.  In OKAY across Languages [Studies in Language and Social Interaction, 34], Crossref logo
Ameka, Felix K. & Marina Terkourafi
2019. What if…? Imagining non-Western perspectives on pragmatic theory and practice. Journal of Pragmatics 145 ► pp. 72 ff. Crossref logo
Baranova, Julija
2015. Other-initiated repair in Russian. Open Linguistics 1:1 Crossref logo
Barnes, Scott & Steven Bloch
2019. Why is measuring communication difficult? A critical review of current speech pathology concepts and measures. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 33:3 ► pp. 219 ff. Crossref logo
Barnes, Scott & Steven Bloch
2020. Communication disorders, enchrony, and other-participation in repair. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 34:10-11 ► pp. 887 ff. Crossref logo
Barnes, Scott, Sophie Toocaram, Lyndsey Nickels, Suzanne Beeke, Wendy Best & Steven Bloch
2019. Everyday conversation after right hemisphere damage: A methodological demonstration and some preliminary findings. Journal of Neurolinguistics 52 ► pp. 100850 ff. Crossref logo
Blythe, Joe
2015. Other-initiated repair in Murrinh-Patha. Open Linguistics 1:1 Crossref logo
Blythe, Joe, Rod Gardner, Ilana Mushin & Lesley Stirling
2018. Tools of Engagement: Selecting a Next Speaker in Australian Aboriginal Multiparty Conversations. Research on Language and Social Interaction 51:2 ► pp. 145 ff. Crossref logo
Brookes, Heather & Olivier Le Guen
2019. Gesture studies and anthropological perspectives. Gesture 18:2-3 ► pp. 119 ff. Crossref logo
Byun, Kang-Suk, Connie de Vos, Anastasia Bradford, Ulrike Zeshan & Stephen C. Levinson
2018. First Encounters: Repair Sequences in Cross-Signing. Topics in Cognitive Science 10:2 ► pp. 314 ff. Crossref logo
Chen, Jessie & Scott Barnes
2020. Giving information in cosmetics sales interactions: Exploring some interactional functions of the Mandarin response token dui. Journal of Pragmatics 159 ► pp. 12 ff. Crossref logo
de Vos, Connie, Francisco Torreira & Stephen C. Levinson
2015. Turn-timing in signed conversations: coordinating stroke-to-stroke turn boundaries. Frontiers in Psychology 6 Crossref logo
Dehé, Nicole
2015. The intonation of the Icelandic other-initiated repair expressionsHa‘Huh’ andHvað segirðu/Hvað sagðirðu‘What do/did you say’. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 38:2 ► pp. 189 ff. Crossref logo
Dingemanse, Mark
2015.  In Language Documentation and Endangerment in Africa [Culture and Language Use, 17], ► pp. 215 ff. Crossref logo
Dingemanse, Mark
2015. Other-initiated repair in Siwu. Open Linguistics 1:1 Crossref logo
Dingemanse, Mark, Kobin H. Kendrick & N. J. Enfield
2016. A Coding Scheme for Other-initiated Repair Across Languages. Open Linguistics 2:1 Crossref logo
Dingemanse, Mark, Seán G. Roberts, Julija Baranova, Joe Blythe, Paul Drew, Simeon Floyd, Rosa S. Gisladottir, Kobin H. Kendrick, Stephen C. Levinson, Elizabeth Manrique, Giovanni Rossi, N. J. Enfield & Sonja Kotz
2015. Universal Principles in the Repair of Communication Problems. PLOS ONE 10:9 ► pp. e0136100 ff. Crossref logo
Dingemanse, Mark, Francisco Torreira, N. J. Enfield & Johan J. Bolhuis
2013. Is “Huh?” a Universal Word? Conversational Infrastructure and the Convergent Evolution of Linguistic Items. PLoS ONE 8:11 ► pp. e78273 ff. Crossref logo
Dippold, Doris
2023. “Can I have the scan on Tuesday?” User repair in interaction with a task-oriented chatbot and the question of communication skills for AI. Journal of Pragmatics 204 ► pp. 21 ff. Crossref logo
Egbert, Maria M.
2017.  In Enabling Human Conduct [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 273], ► pp. 167 ff. Crossref logo
Floyd, Simeon
2021. Conversation and Culture. Annual Review of Anthropology 50:1 ► pp. 219 ff. Crossref logo
Følstad, Asbjørn & Cameron Taylor
2020.  In Chatbot Research and Design [Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 11970], ► pp. 201 ff. Crossref logo
Gafaranga, Joseph
2021. Other-language recalibration in bilingual broadcast news interviews in Rwanda: The directionality of a language choice practice. Journal of Pragmatics 184 ► pp. 74 ff. Crossref logo
Girard-Groeber, Simone
2020.  In Atypical Interaction, ► pp. 435 ff. Crossref logo
Haselow, Alexander
2021. Dealing with trouble in conversation in English-speaking cultures. English World-Wide. A Journal of Varieties of English 42:3 ► pp. 324 ff. Crossref logo
Henkin, Roni
2023. Intergenerational interviews in Negev Arabic. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) Crossref logo
Jentzsch, Sophie F., Sviatlana Höhn & Nico Hochgeschwender
2019.  In Explainable, Transparent Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems [Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 11763], ► pp. 77 ff. Crossref logo
Jokipohja, Anna-Kaisa & Niina Lilja
2022. Depictive Hand Gestures as Candidate Understandings. Research on Language and Social Interaction 55:2 ► pp. 123 ff. Crossref logo
Kamunen, Antti
2019. How to Disengage: Suspension, Body Torque, and Repair. Research on Language and Social Interaction 52:4 ► pp. 406 ff. Crossref logo
Koivisto, Aino
2019. Repair receipts: On their motivation and interactional import. Discourse Studies 21:4 ► pp. 398 ff. Crossref logo
Kurhila, Salla & Lari Kotilainen
2020. Student-initiated language learning sequences in a real-world digital environment. Linguistics and Education 56 ► pp. 100807 ff. Crossref logo
Laakso, Minna, Inkeri Salmenlinna, Tarja Aaltonen, Inka Koskela & Johanna Ruusuvuori
2019. Open-class repair initiations in conversations involving middle-aged hearing aid users with mild to moderate loss. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders 54:4 ► pp. 620 ff. Crossref logo
Lee, Heeju, Danjie Su & Hongyin Tao
2017. A crosslinguistic study of some extended uses of what-based interrogative expressions in Chinese, English, and Korean. Chinese Language and Discourse. An International and Interdisciplinary Journal 8:2 ► pp. 137 ff. Crossref logo
Levinson, Stephen C.
2015. Other-initiated repair in Yélî Dnye: Seeing eye-to-eye in the language of Rossel Island. Open Linguistics 1:1 Crossref logo
Lilja, Niina
2014. Partial repetitions as other-initiations of repair in second language talk: Re-establishing understanding and doing learning. Journal of Pragmatics 71 ► pp. 98 ff. Crossref logo
Lindström, Jan, Yael Maschler & Simona Pekarek Doehler
2016. A cross-linguistic perspective on grammar and negative epistemics in talk-in-interaction. Journal of Pragmatics 106 ► pp. 72 ff. Crossref logo
Lindström, Jan K., Catrin Norrby, Camilla Wide & Jenny Nilsson
2017. Intersubjectivity at the counter: Artefacts and multimodal interaction in theatre box office encounters. Journal of Pragmatics 108 ► pp. 81 ff. Crossref logo
Luke, Kang Kwong & Hiroko Tanaka
2016. Constructing agreements with assessments in Cantonese conversation: From a comparative perspective. Journal of Pragmatics 100 ► pp. 25 ff. Crossref logo
Margutti, Piera, Liisa Tainio, Paul Drew & Véronique Traverso
2018. Invitations and responses across different languages: Observations on the feasibility and relevance of a cross-linguistic comparative perspective on the study of actions. Journal of Pragmatics 125 ► pp. 52 ff. Crossref logo
Mihas, Elena
2016. Language-specific resources in talk: A study of epistemic stance coding in Alto Perené (Arawak) agreements. Discourse Studies 18:2 ► pp. 165 ff. Crossref logo
Mostovaia, Irina
2021. Other-initiations of repair in German Whats App chats. Discourse, Context & Media 40 ► pp. 100470 ff. Crossref logo
Oloff, Florence
2018. “Sorry?”/“Como?”/“Was?” – Open class and embodied repair initiators in international workplace interactions. Journal of Pragmatics 126 ► pp. 29 ff. Crossref logo
Ono, Tsuyoshi & Sandra Thompson
2017. Negative scope, temporality, fixedness, and right- and left-branching. Studies in Language 41:3 ► pp. 543 ff. Crossref logo
Opfermann, C. & K. Pitsch
2017.  In 2017 26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), ► pp. 310 ff. Crossref logo
Rasenberg, Marlou, Asli Özyürek & Mark Dingemanse
2020. Alignment in Multimodal Interaction: An Integrative Framework. Cognitive Science 44:11 Crossref logo
Rossi, Giovanni
2020. The prosody of other-repetition in Italian: A system of tunes. Language in Society 49:4 ► pp. 619 ff. Crossref logo
Routarinne, Sara & Liisa Tainio
2018. Sequence and turn design of invitations in Finnish telephone calls. Journal of Pragmatics 125 ► pp. 149 ff. Crossref logo
Sandman, Erika & Karolina Grzech
2022. Egophoricity and evidentiality: Different categories, similar discourse functions. Interactional Linguistics 2:1 ► pp. 79 ff. Crossref logo
Schnell, Stefan & Nils Norman Schiborr
2022. Crosslinguistic Corpus Studies in Linguistic Typology. Annual Review of Linguistics 8:1 ► pp. 171 ff. Crossref logo
Tanaka, Hiroko
2016. Lexico-grammatical structures of agreements with assessments in English conversation: From a Japanese perspective. Journal of Pragmatics 100 ► pp. 8 ff. Crossref logo
H. Ekkehard Wolff
2019.  In The Cambridge Handbook of African Linguistics, Crossref logo
Zinken, Jörg & Uwe-A. Küttner
2022. Offering an Interpretation of Prior Talk in Everyday Interaction: A Semantic Map Approach. Discourse Processes 59:4 ► pp. 298 ff. Crossref logo
周, 星源
2022. A Study on the Initiation of English and Chinese Other-Initiated Repair from the Perspective of Interaction. Modern Linguistics 10:08 ► pp. 1682 ff. Crossref logo
周, 星源
2022. Investigation and Analysis of Domestic and Foreign Studies on “Repair”. Modern Linguistics 10:08 ► pp. 1702 ff. Crossref logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 24 january 2023. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.